Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Views of the Report - The potential negative factors for the current bond market come from the fundamentals, including economic data disclosure and the progress of Sino-US negotiations. Under the consensus expectation, it is difficult to say that the bond market will reverse. Attention should be paid to the changes in bond market expectations caused by event shocks [2]. - The sentiment index of fixed-income sellers has reached a new high this year, while buyers mainly expect the market to fluctuate, and their sentiment has declined for three consecutive weeks [2]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Seller and Buyer Markets 1.1 Seller Market Sentiment Index and Interest Rate Bonds - This week, the weighted tracking index was 0.47, showing a mostly bullish view but lower than last week. The unweighted tracking index was 0.68, up 0.09 from last week. Currently, institutions generally hold a neutral-to-bullish view, with 18 bullish, 6 neutral, and 1 bearish [10]. - 72% of institutions are bullish, with keywords such as weak credit, slow economic recovery, external demand shocks, loose monetary policy, low supply pressure in July, and opportunities for a bullish flattening of the curve after the short end declines [4][10]. - 24% of institutions are neutral, with keywords such as the neutral impact of restarting treasury bonds, and potential disturbances from the stock-bond seesaw and unexpected Sino-US negotiations [4][10]. - 4% of institutions are bearish, with the view that the central bank's bond purchases are not the reason for the decline in interest rates, and the economic recovery in the second half of 2025 is expected to drive up prices and interest rates [4][10]. 1.2 Buyer Market Sentiment Index and Interest Rate Bonds - This week, the tracking sentiment index was 0.13, showing a mostly neutral view and lower than last week. Currently, institutions generally hold a neutral-to-bullish view, with 5 bullish and 18 neutral [11]. - 22% of institutions are bullish, with keywords such as loose funds and a possible quarter-on-quarter weakening of the economic fundamentals in the third quarter [11]. - 78% of institutions are neutral, with keywords such as the reduced expectation of broad credit after the second-quarter monetary policy meeting and the suppression of bond market sentiment by the equity market [11]. 1.3 Credit Bonds - Market hot topics include the recovery of wealth management scale and loose funds. The recovery of wealth management scale may further improve the demand for credit bonds, and loose funds, combined with weak fundamentals, support the overall strength of the bond market and a decline in benchmark interest rates [17]. 1.4 Convertible Bonds - This week, institutions generally hold a neutral-to-bullish view, with 8 bullish and 6 neutral [18]. - 57% of institutions are bullish, believing that with the new bond supply not accelerating significantly on the issuance side, the convertible bond market scale may gradually shrink in the second half of the year, and medium and large-cap convertible bonds among high-quality existing and newly issued bonds are worth attention [18]. - 43% of institutions are neutral, stating that there is still uncertainty about the US tariff increase, and the allocation value of convertible bonds will be better reflected after the valuation is moderately digested [18]. 2. Treasury Bond Futures Tracking 2.1 Futures Trading - Futures prices showed mixed trends. As of July 4, the prices of TS/TF/T/TL treasury bond contracts were 102.51 yuan, 106.26 yuan, 109.10 yuan, and 121.20 yuan respectively, with changes of -0.03 yuan, -0.01 yuan, +0.05 yuan, and +0.31 yuan compared to last Friday [21]. - The trading volume of treasury bond futures generally increased. As of July 4, from a 5MA perspective, the trading volumes of TS/TF/T/TL futures contracts were 640 billion yuan, 622 billion yuan, 766 billion yuan, and 988 billion yuan respectively, with changes of +3.04 billion yuan, +30.63 billion yuan, +77.98 billion yuan, and -19.99 billion yuan compared to last Friday [21]. - The trading-to-holding ratio of treasury bond futures generally increased. As of July 4, from a 5MA perspective, the trading-to-holding ratios of TS/TF/T/TL futures contracts were 0.27, 0.40, 0.38, and 0.85 respectively, with changes of +0.01, +0.03, +0.04, and -0.03 compared to last Friday [22]. 2.2 Spot Bond Trading - The turnover rate of 30-year treasury bonds decreased. On July 4, the turnover rate was 4.03%, down 3.90 percentage points from last week and up 0.61 percentage points from Monday, with an average weekly turnover rate of 4.21%. The weekly average turnover rate of interest rate bonds decreased, and the turnover rate on July 4 was 0.93%, down 0.09 percentage points from last week and up 0.28 percentage points from Monday [29]. - The turnover rate of 10-year China Development Bank bonds increased. On July 4, the turnover rate was 4.91%, up 0.45 percentage points from last week and up 1.60 percentage points from Monday [32]. 2.3 Basis Trading - The basis generally narrowed, while the net basis widened across the board. As of July 4, the basis (CTD) of TS/TF/T/TL main contracts were -0.02 yuan, 0.001 yuan, 0.14 yuan, and 0.25 yuan respectively, with changes of +0.05 yuan, +0.05 yuan, +0.16 yuan, and -0.07 yuan compared to last Friday [39]. - In terms of the net basis, the net basis of main contracts widened. As of July 4, the net basis (CTD) of TS/TF/T/TL main contracts were -0.05 yuan, -0.06 yuan, -0.11 yuan, and -0.11 yuan respectively, with changes of -0.01 yuan, -0.01 yuan, -0.07 yuan, and -0.12 yuan compared to last Friday [41]. - In terms of IRR, the IRR of T and TL main contracts increased, while the others decreased. As of July 4, the IRR (CTD) of TS/TF/T/TL main contracts were 1.65%, 1.69%, 1.89%, and 1.80% respectively, with changes of -0.20%, -0.23%, +0.03%, and +0.14% compared to last Friday [41]. 2.4 Inter-period and Inter-variety Spreads - Inter-period spreads showed mixed trends. As of July 4, the spreads between the near and far months of TS/TF/T/TL contracts were -0.12 yuan, -0.08 yuan, -0.08 yuan, and 0.13 yuan respectively, with changes of +0.01 yuan, -0.005 yuan, -0.07 yuan, and -0.01 yuan compared to last Friday [48]. - Inter-variety spreads of main futures contracts all narrowed. As of July 4, 2*TS - TF, 2*TF - T, 4*TS - T, and 3*T - TL were 98.77 yuan, 103.39 yuan, 300.92 yuan, and 206.13 yuan respectively, with changes of -0.06 yuan, -0.07 yuan, -0.19 yuan, and -0.14 yuan compared to last Friday [48].

Market Overview - The bond market experienced fluctuations and an upward trend during the week of June 30 to July 4, 2025, with the China Bond Composite Wealth Index (CBA00201) rising by 0.17% and the China Bond Composite Full Price Index (CBA00203) increasing by 0.14% [2][12] - Short-term interest rates showed strong performance, with key yield spreads widening, while credit bond yields generally declined, leading to a narrowing of credit spreads [2][12] - The liquidity in the market improved post-quarter, supporting the bond market's strength, and the demand for coupon assets returned to stability [2][12][13] US Market Dynamics - Strong US non-farm payroll data reduced expectations for interest rate cuts, leading to an upward trend in US Treasury yields [14] - The Federal Reserve's cautious stance and the unexpected strength in employment data contributed to a shift in market sentiment regarding future monetary policy [14] REITs Market Activity - The REITs secondary market saw fluctuations but ultimately rose, with the CSI REITs Total Return Index increasing by 0.66% [15] - Despite some adjustments in the market, the overall trading activity remained robust, indicating a healthy development trend [15] Public Fund Market Developments - The first batch of 10 Sci-Tech Innovation Bond ETFs received approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission on July 2, 2025, which is expected to provide new credit base options for investors amid a low-interest-rate environment [16][17] Fund Performance Tracking - Short-term bond funds rose by 0.08% last week, with a cumulative return of 4.02% since inception [3] - Medium to long-term bond funds increased by 0.19%, achieving a cumulative return of 6.69% since inception [4] - Low-volatility fixed income plus funds rose by 0.31%, with a cumulative return of 2.79% since inception [5] - Medium-volatility fixed income plus funds increased by 0.54%, with a cumulative return of 2.33% since inception [6] - High-volatility fixed income plus funds rose by 0.40%, achieving a cumulative return of 3.40% since inception [7] - Convertible bond funds increased by 0.74%, with a cumulative return of 10.79% since inception [8] - QDII bond funds decreased by 0.08%, with a cumulative return of 7.87% since inception [9] - REITs funds rose by 1.00%, achieving a cumulative return of 40.41% since inception [10]

国债期货日报 2025年6月 9日 资金利率下台阶 观点：继续持有，关注短端表现 南华研究院 高翔（Z0016413） 投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1290号 盘面点评： 国债期货早盘持续上行，表现偏强，午后消息扰动价格一度跳水，随后有所修复，尾盘依旧收涨。结构 上，日内长端表现偏强，TS、TF主力收平其余均收涨。公开市场无逆回购到期，央行当日净投放1738 亿。 | | 2025-06-06 | 2025-06-05 | 今日涨跌 | 上周同期 | | 2025-06-06 | 2025-06-05 | 今日涨跌 | 上周同期 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | TS2509 | 102.448 | 102.434 | 0.014 | 102.35 | TS合约持仓(手） | 121727 | 121623 | 104 | 44921 | | TF2509 | 106.125 | 106.06 | 0.065 | 105.875 | TF合约持仓(手） | 169870 | 168912 | 958 | ...

证券研究报告 | 债券点评报告 2025 年 06 月 08 日 基金久期回升——债市晴雨表 【债市情绪】上周债市情绪指数为 115.8，较前值回落 0.1；债市情绪扩散指数 49.0%，较前值回落 6.8 个百分点。 【机构久期】上周五基金久期为 2.17 年，较前一周五回升 0.02 年；农商行久期 为 2.85 年，较前一周五回落 0.01 年；保险久期为 6.79 年，较前一周五回落 0.01 年。 【杠杆率】上周质押式回购余额为 11.3 万亿元，较前值回升 0.3 万亿元；大行 净融出余额为 4.1 万亿元，较前值回升 0.3 万亿元；债市杠杆率为 103.5%，较 前值回升 0.1 个百分点。 【二级成交】上周从换手率来看，30Y 国债换手率为 1.7%，较前值回落 0.2 个 百分点。10Y 国债换手率为 0.9%，较前值回落 0.6 个百分点；10Y 国开债换手 率为 28.5%，较前值回升 2.3 个百分点；超长期信用债换手率为 0.53%，较前 值回落 0.12 个百分点。 【配置力量】债市配置力量来看，上周债基新发行份额为 98 亿元，较前值持平； 风险偏好来看，股市风险溢价为 2.1 ...

[Table_IndNameRptType]2 固定收益 固收周报 降息为何难振债市情绪 ——债市情绪面周报（5 月第 4 周） 报告日期： 2025-05-26 [Table_Author] 首席分析师：颜子琦 执业证书号：S0010522030002 电话：13127532070 邮箱：yanzq@hazq.com [Table_Author] 研究助理：洪子彦 执业证书号：S0010123060036 电话：15851599909 邮箱：hongziyan@hazq.com 主要观点： ⚫[Table_Summary] 华安观点：短期加强波段交易，待债市选择方向后右侧应对 债市短期难破震荡区间，存款利率调降后银行负债端压力有所提升，大行 资金融出依然偏少，存款流向非银机构促使"钱多"利好债市，而当前债市的 主要关注点可能仍在①5 月 PMI 等经济数据、②供给压力与③资金面松紧， 但超预期因素或趋势性行情较难出现，投资者仍需维持久期，低票息、资金贵 的环境下应加大波段交易的权重。 固收买方观点整体中性偏多。从当前市场买方观点来看，10 家偏多，18 家中性，1 家偏空，其中： ⚫ 国债期货：期货情绪升温 ...

证券研究报告 | 债券点评报告 2025 年 05 月 24 日 债市情绪走弱——债市晴雨表 【债市情绪】上周债市情绪指数为 113.3，较前值回落 0.9；债市情绪扩散指数 42.4%，较前值回落 10.5 个百分点。 【机构久期】上周五基金久期为 2.17 年，较前一周五持平；农商行久期为 2.84 年，较前一周五回升 0.02 年；保险久期为 6.74 年，较前一周五回落 0.03 年。 【杠杆率】上周质押式回购余额为 10.6 万亿元，较前值回落 0.4 万亿元；大行 净融出余额为 3.1 万亿元，较前值回落 0.7 万亿元；债市杠杆率为 103.4%，较 前值回落 0.1 个百分点。 【二级成交】上周从换手率来看，30Y 国债换手率为 1.9%，较前值回落 0.8 个 百分点。10Y 国债换手率为 1.0%，较前值持平；10Y 国开债换手率为 29.3%， 较前值回落 2.6 个百分点；超长期信用债换手率为 0.47%，较前值回升 0.07 个 百分点。 【配置力量】债市配置力量来看，上周债基新发行份额为 63 亿元，较前值回落 129 亿元；风险偏好来看，股市风险溢价为 1.36%，较前值回落 0 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The sentiment in the bond market has shifted from "bullish but not buying" to a stage where some bulls are "wavering." The short - term trading themes are broad - based monetary policy and the fundamentals. The 10 - year Treasury bond is oscillating around 1.65% - 1.70%, and the bond market is likely to be range - bound in the short term. The impact of positive events on the bond market is rapid this year. The proportion of capital gain demand in the comprehensive return has been continuously increasing, so the duration should be maintained, and leverage can be appropriately increased if the funding rate declines [2]. - From the perspective of market sentiment, the bond market has changed from "bullish but not buying" to a stage where some bulls are "wavering." This week, some bulls have turned neutral, the number of institutions with bearish views has increased by one, and the sentiment index has declined [3]. - The fundamentals and broad - based monetary policy are the "battlefields" for the bulls and bears among the sellers. As of May 19, the number of fixed - income sellers with bullish views has decreased to 10, the number of those with bearish views has increased to 3, and the number of those with neutral views has risen to 17 [3]. - Among the buyers, those with neutral views also account for more than half, and the proportion of institutions with bullish views has decreased. The overall view of fixed - income buyers is neutral - bullish. Currently, there are 10 bullish, 16 neutral, and 3 bearish institutions [3]. - In the Treasury bond futures market, the positive arbitrage space for the TS contract has decreased, and it may still be in a premium state. One can consider participating in the game of the TS contract rising [6]. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 1. Seller and Buyer Markets 1.1 Seller Market Sentiment Index and Interest - rate Bonds - The seller sentiment index has decreased compared to last week. The weighted index this week is 0.18 (neutral - bullish, down 0.10 from last week), and the unweighted index is 0.28 (down 0.14 from last week). Currently, institutions generally hold a neutral - bullish view, with 10 bullish, 17 neutral, and 3 bearish. 33% of institutions are bullish, with keywords such as the long - term trend of Sino - US decoupling despite tariff fluctuations, a possible LPR cut this week, and the expected continuation of monetary easing; 57% are neutral, with keywords such as high macro - environment uncertainty, waiting for a new market trigger after the double - cut and tariff easing, and the bond market may have a narrow - range oscillation; 10% are bearish, with keywords such as the exhaustion of the double - cut benefits, the lack of support for the bond market reflected by the non - rising funding rate, and the central bank may take measures to maintain the bank's net interest margin and push up the long - term bond yield after the tariff cut [13]. 1.2 Buyer Market Sentiment Index and Interest - rate Bonds - The buyer sentiment index has decreased compared to last week. This week's sentiment index is 0.18 (neutral - bullish, down 0.22 from last week). Currently, institutions generally hold a neutral - bullish view, with 10 bullish, 16 neutral, and 3 bearish. 35% of institutions are bullish, with keywords such as continuous loosening of the funding side, the economy still needing policy support, and the reduction of funding costs; 55% are neutral, with keywords such as fluctuations in Sino - US economic and trade expectations, frequent policy disturbances, unclear fundamental expectations, differentiated interest - rate trends, limited adjustment space but repeated directions; 10% are bearish, with keywords such as the marginal weakening of easing expectations, the enhanced expectation of economic fundamental repair, frequent funding disturbances, and increased long - end supply pressure [14]. 1.3 Credit Bonds - Market hot topics include policies to promote science - and - technology innovation bonds and implicit debt accountability. Multiple departments have introduced policies to promote the construction of science - and - technology innovation bonds, and it is expected that future issuance increments will be for financial institutions and private enterprises, covering more science - and - technology innovation fields. The Ministry of Finance has emphasized local government implicit debt governance again, and the issuance supervision of urban investment bonds has become stricter, with risks being relatively controllable in the short term [18]. 1.4 Convertible Bonds - This week, institutions generally hold a neutral - bullish view, with 2 bullish and 6 neutral. 25% of institutions are bullish, with keywords such as the positive impact of the double - cut and the end of the earnings disclosure period, the increased risk appetite in the convertible bond market, and the strong equity market becoming an important support for convertible bonds; 75% are neutral, with keywords such as the current high valuation of convertible bonds, low cost - effectiveness, a possible range - bound oscillation pattern, and the need for incremental funds or overall underlying stock repair for a stronger market [20]. 2. Treasury Bond Futures Tracking 2.1 Futures Trading - In terms of futures prices, except for the increase in the TS contract price, the prices of other futures contracts have decreased. As of May 16, the prices of the Treasury TS/TF/T/TL contracts are 102.38 yuan, 105.72 yuan, 108.48 yuan, and 118.91 yuan respectively, with changes of +0.04 yuan, - 0.38 yuan, - 0.58 yuan, and - 1.46 yuan compared to last Friday. - In terms of Treasury bond futures open interest, except for the increase in the TS contract open interest, the open interest of other futures contracts has decreased. As of May 16, the open interest of the TS/TF/T/TL futures contracts is 84,000 lots, 79,000 lots, 100,000 lots, and 50,000 lots respectively, with changes of +702 lots, - 64,061 lots, - 76,980 lots, and - 31,940 lots compared to last Friday. - The trading volume of Treasury bond futures has increased across the board. As of May 16, from a 5 - day moving average perspective, the trading volumes of the TS/TF/T/TL futures contracts are 132.9 billion yuan, 98.5 billion yuan, 131.1 billion yuan, and 155.6 billion yuan respectively, with increases of 40.2 billion yuan, 25.9 billion yuan, 44.7 billion yuan, and 39.9 billion yuan compared to last Friday. - The trading volume - to - open - interest ratio of Treasury bond futures has increased across the board. As of May 16, from a 5 - day moving average perspective, the trading volume - to - open - interest ratios of the TS/TF/T/TL futures contracts are 1.01, 0.98, 1.03, and 2.58 respectively, with increases of 0.49, 0.49, 0.56, and 1.33 compared to last Friday [24][25]. 2.2 Spot Bond Trading - The turnover rate of 30 - year Treasury bonds has decreased. On May 16, the turnover rate was 2.32%, down 0.10 percentage points from last week and 0.41 percentage points from Monday, with a weekly average turnover rate of 3.33%. The turnover rate of interest - rate bonds has decreased. On May 16, the turnover rate was 0.89%, down 0.05 percentage points from last week and 0.22 percentage points from Monday. The turnover rate of 10 - year China Development Bank bonds has increased. On May 16, the turnover rate was 5.81%, up 0.17 percentage points from last week but down 1.54 percentage points from Monday [35][36]. 2.3 Basis Trading - In terms of basis trends in the past week, the basis of the TF main contract has narrowed, while the basis of other main contracts has widened. As of May 16, the basis (CTD) of the TS/TF/T/TL main contracts is - 0.07 yuan, +0.05 yuan, +0.11 yuan, and +0.17 yuan respectively, with changes of - 0.03 yuan, +0.10 yuan, +0.17 yuan, and +0.05 yuan compared to last Friday. - In terms of net basis, the net basis of the TS main contract has widened, while the net basis of other main contracts has narrowed. As of May 16, the net basis (CTD) of the TS/TF/T/TL main contracts is - 0.05 yuan, +0.03 yuan, +0.02 yuan, and +0.03 yuan respectively, with changes of - 0.06 yuan, +0.12 yuan, +0.08 yuan, and +0.09 yuan compared to last Friday. - In terms of IRR, the IRR of the TS contract has increased, while the IRR of other main contracts has decreased. As of May 16, the IRR (CTD) of the TS/TF/T/TL main contracts is 1.79%, 1.32%, 1.46%, and 1.39% respectively, with changes of +0.35%, - 1.02%, - 0.66%, and - 0.56% compared to last Friday. The TS main contract's basis is negative this week, and the weekly average IRR is 1.65%, at a relatively high level. Since the funding side is generally in a stage of loosening this week, with the weekly average DR007 at 1.54%, one can pay attention to the positive arbitrage strategy of the TS contract [41][44][45]. 2.4 Inter - delivery Spread and Inter - product Spread - In terms of inter - delivery spread, the spread of the T contract has widened, while the spreads of other main futures contracts have narrowed. As of May 16, the near - month minus far - month spreads of the TS/TF/T/TL contracts are - 0.11 yuan, - 0.20 yuan, - 0.17 yuan, and - 0.34 yuan respectively, with changes of +0.09 yuan, +0.14 yuan, - 0.00 yuan, and +0.19 yuan compared to last Friday. - In terms of inter - product spread, the spreads of the 2*TS - TF and 4*TS - T contracts have widened, while the spreads of other main futures contracts have narrowed. As of May 16, the values of 2*TS - TF, 2*TF - T, 4*TS - T, and 3*T - TL are 99.04 yuan, 102.93 yuan, 301.01 yuan, and 206.50 yuan respectively, with changes of +0.43 yuan, - 0.25 yuan, +0.62 yuan, and - 0.29 yuan compared to last Friday. Currently, the downward space for long - term interest rates is limited. If the central bank takes measures to ease liquidity, there may be downward opportunities for the medium - and short - term. There is considerable room for gaming in short - term Treasury bond futures, and it is recommended to continue to pay attention to the strategy of going long on the short - end and short on the long - end to steepen the yield curve [51][52].

周度报告-国债期货 资金面小幅收敛，债市情绪偏弱 [Table_Summary] ★一周复盘：国债期货震荡走弱 国 债 期 货 本周（05.12-05.18）国债期货震荡走弱。周一，中美贸易谈判表 述超预期，国债期货低开，随即部分机构开始买入，债市小幅 走强。午后公布的贸易谈判结果超市场预期，国债期货大幅走 弱。周二，早盘市场情绪仍然偏弱，但由于股市拉升乏力、资 金面持续偏松，国债期货由弱转强，现券曲线震荡走陡。周 三，资金面整体均衡，股市震荡偏强，国债期货小幅下跌。尾 盘央行公布的 4 月金融数据多数不及市场预期，现券利率略下 行。周四，资金面整体均衡，股市走弱，长端国债期货表现偏 强，曲线走平。周五，临近税期，资金面边际收敛，国债曲线 熊平。午后资金面紧张情绪较早盘有所缓解，国债期货跌幅收 窄。截至 5 月 16 日收盘，两年、五年、十年和三十年期国债期 货主连合约结算价分别为 102.368、105.695、108.460 和 118.880 元，分别较上周末变动+0.012、+0.005、-0.015 和-0.520 元。 ★资金面小幅收敛，债市情绪偏弱 市场关注点逐渐切换到资金上来。展望下周，预计资 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The seller sentiment index is a degree - type indicator of interest rate trends. Since 2023, the seller sentiment has been mostly optimistic, corresponding to a decline in interest rates. The weekly correlation coefficient between the seller sentiment index and interest rates is - 0.44, indicating an inverse correlation [4][12]. - The seller sentiment index has weak ability to predict events/news - related shocks in advance. Most of the time, the change of the sentiment index lags behind the appearance of interest rate inflection points. The overall guiding significance for left - hand side prediction is weak, but it is useful for right - hand side response and grasping [4][13]. - The change in the views of fixed - income sellers has a significant effect on interest rate prediction. Since 2024, the winning rate is 74%, and since Q3 2024, it is 92%. The winning rate in the bond market correction since 2024 is 60% [3]. - Two indicators are constructed to measure the divergence of fixed - income sellers' views. When the divergence is high, the subsequent interest rate is likely to break out of the consolidation. The driving factors for high divergence vary, from market - driven to active changes [3][24]. - By examining the reasons of the long and short sides since 2024, some patterns are found, such as inaccurate point - based judgments from the odds perspective, supply shocks being only auxiliary negatives, the market's learning effect increasing, and risk preference changes and weak fundamentals being difficult - to - falsify negative/positive factors [4][5][30]. Summary According to the Directory 1. Bond Market Sentiment Observation - Construction and Application of Seller Sentiment Index 1.1 Construction of the Fixed - Income Seller Sentiment Index System - Based on seller views, an index for observing the bond market sentiment is constructed. Fixed - income seller views are classified into bullish, neutral, and bearish, and then weighted or unweighted and integrated to obtain the sentiment signal from the fixed - income seller perspective [11]. - When the fixed - income seller is clearly bullish, a weight of 2 points is given; slightly bullish is 1 point; neutral, slightly bearish, and bearish are 0 points, - 1 point, and - 2 points respectively. Among 61 view expressions, the number of optimistic and neutral views on the bond market is significantly higher than that of pessimistic views, which are 13, 43, and 5 times respectively [11][12]. 1.2 Relationship between Seller Sentiment and Interest Rate Trends and Whether It Is a Leading Indicator - The seller sentiment is a degree - type indicator of interest rate trends. Since 2023, the seller sentiment has been mostly optimistic, corresponding to a decline in interest rates. The weekly correlation coefficient between the seller sentiment index and interest rates is - 0.44, indicating an inverse correlation [4][12]. - The index has difficulty in predicting events/news - related shocks in advance. Most of the time, the change of the sentiment index lags behind the appearance of interest rate inflection points. Among 8 bond market inflection points from January 2024 to the present, the seller sentiment only successfully predicted one inflection point, with a relatively low winning rate [13][15][16]. 2. Application of the Seller Sentiment Index from Three Perspectives - View Changes, Divergence Trends, and Logical Similarities and Differences 2.1 View Changes - How Effective Is It in Guiding Interest Rate Trends? - By observing the change in institutional views (i.e.,环比 change), the possible trend of interest rates can be judged. The winning rate of the环比 change of institutional views in predicting interest rates is about 74%. The winning rates of predicting the 10Y Treasury bond yield for the next week and two weeks are 74% and 72% respectively. Among 10 cases of the index's环比 weakening, 6 cases were followed by an increase in interest rates, with a winning rate of 60% [18]. - The winning rate of the sentiment index in predicting interest rate trends has gradually increased. From Q3 2024 to March 2025, the winning rate of view changes in predicting interest rates in advance was about 92% [19]. - The guiding effect of view changes is better than the "benchmark winning rate" constructed by the "buy - on - up, sell - on - down" strategy. The winning rate of the most optimistic strategy in 2024 was 67%, and it dropped to 60% when extended to April this year [23]. 2.2 Long - Short Divergence - From Market - Driven to Active Changes - Two types of indicators are constructed to measure the divergence of fixed - income sellers' views: standard deviation and the Seller Divergence Index (SDI). The SDI is more accurate in reflecting divergence on some dates, while the standard deviation is more volatile and easier to observe [24][27]. - When the divergence of fixed - income sellers is high, the subsequent interest rate will choose a direction and is likely to break out of the consolidation. Among 4 cases of high divergence since 2024, there were two obvious corrections and two declines in interest rates [27]. - The driving factors for high divergence vary. In the first three cases, market movements preceded institutional view changes, while since 2025, some institutions have actively turned bearish in a sideways market, indicating an enhanced learning effect [27]. 2.3 Logical Similarities and Differences - Identification of "Pseudo - Patterns" - Judgments on points from the odds perspective may not be accurate. In 2024, interest rates declined rapidly, but there were many bearish views in the first quarter, such as "the downward space of current interest rates is limited" [30]. - Supply shocks are only temporary disturbances and auxiliary negatives. In 2024, although the market was worried about supply shocks in the second quarter, in fact, they were not the main driver of rising interest rates [31]. - The market's learning effect is increasing, and seller views are "self - evolving". After several corrections in 2024, the market gradually became less sensitive to the same factors, and seller views analyzed regulatory factors from different perspectives. Since January - February this year, the change in the sentiment index has led the interest rate trend to some extent [31]. - Risk preference changes and weak fundamentals are two difficult - to - falsify negative/positive factors. A decline in the preference for relatively high - risk assets is usually required to increase the probability of bonds winning. The bond market has been pricing in weak fundamentals since 2024, and interest rates are more sensitive when the fundamentals improve [32].