【文/观察者网 王恺雯】针对加拿大出台钢铁关税配额措施，并对含所谓"中国钢铁成分"等产品加征歧视性关税，中方于8月15日在世贸组织 （WTO）提起诉讼。 加拿大自知与美国的谈判难以取得进展，竟转身将矛头对准了中国，炒作所谓"产能过剩"谬论，声称在美国面临高额关税的中国，正寻求向加 拿大出口更多廉价钢材，将对本土市场造成冲击。 中国是加拿大第二大贸易伙伴，2024年双边贸易额约1200亿加元。加拿大工业部数据显示，2024年加拿大钢铁进口额超过160亿美元，其中近 一半来自美国，约10%来自中国；加拿大出口钢铁超过120亿美元，其中91%销往美国，4%销往墨西哥。 "中加贸易争端进一步升级。"彭博社注意到，就在3天前，中国才宣布对加拿大进口油菜籽实施临时反倾销措施。加拿大总理卡尼14日曾表 示，加拿大将推进与中国开展建设性对话，"解决我们各自的贸易关切"。 彭博社指出，自从去年加拿大时任特鲁多政府宣布对中国电动汽车、钢铝产品加征关税，中加两国的贸易关系就趋于紧张。 今年3月，中国宣布对加拿大菜子油、油渣饼等加征100%关税；8月12日，中国商务部发布公告，认定原产于加拿大的进口油菜籽存在倾销， 决定采用保证金形 ...

欧盟一直处于摇摆不定的状态，试图在寻求美国关税豁免的同时，用中国利益作为交换筹码。然而，中 国在与欧盟的博弈中展现出高度的精明。一方面，通过向欧企提供稀土"快速通道"，确保其正常需求得 到保障，另一方面，中国也不忘给欧盟施加压力，巧妙地采取加税手段。 因此，中国在释放稀土的同时，仍然保留了一定的管控力度。虽然稀土的出口量无法与过去相比，但这 些稀土资源依旧满足了欧洲企业的基本需求。同时，中国对稀土的溯源和追踪机制，也确保了这些资源 不会流入军用领域或其他国家。 然而，尽管中国采取了这种灵活的策略，欧盟在一些领域对中国的态度依然有所保留。为了进一步打压 欧盟对中国的潜在压力，商务部于7月4日宣布，经过调查后决定对欧盟白兰地产品征收反倾销税。此举 明确表示，欧盟并非可以无条件要求中国妥协。根据这一裁定，从7月5日起，所有产自欧盟的白兰地， 将被征收27.7%至34.9%的反倾销税，征税期限为五年。欧盟的酒精出口总值接近300亿欧元，其中白兰 地的出口额约占40亿欧元，而中国作为其第二大出口市场，白兰地销量的三分之一来自中国市场。一旦 失去这一市场，欧盟相关产业将遭受重创。 为此，中方特意为欧企设立了"快速通道"， ...

Core Insights - The global PVC market is experiencing a significant supply surplus due to increased supply, weak demand, and rising international trade protectionism [2][3] - The imbalance in supply and demand is pressuring PVC prices and pushing many producers, especially in the U.S., towards unsustainable profit margins [2][4] - The U.S. is facing a dramatic shift in trade patterns, with anti-dumping measures from multiple countries hindering its traditional role as a major PVC exporter [3][5] Supply and Demand Dynamics - The current global PVC supply far exceeds demand, necessitating rationalization of production capacity [5] - Despite a projected 8% growth in domestic PVC demand in the U.S. for 2024, the local market is insufficient to absorb existing production capacity [5] - The ongoing expansion in East Asia, the Middle East, and South Asia is contributing to increased production capacity, which is not supported by demand growth expectations [5] Trade and Regulatory Environment - Anti-dumping measures are reshaping global PVC trade flows, particularly affecting U.S. exports to Europe and other key markets [3] - Recent increases in import tariffs, such as Brazil's PVC tariff rising from 8.2% to 43.7%, pose significant challenges for U.S. producers [3] - The European and UK markets are tightening access to U.S. PVC, effectively closing doors to American exports [3] Cost Structure and Profitability - European and Asian integrated PVC producers have total costs that are 20% to 30% higher than those of U.S. producers, primarily due to differences in natural gas and electricity prices [4] - Current global PVC spot prices are below the production costs for many companies, indicating unsustainable profitability across the industry [4] - The only recent positive aspect in the PVC market has been temporary shipping arbitrage opportunities due to disruptions in the Red Sea [4]

Group 1 - The document outlines anti-dumping measures related to the product "cresol" in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and Japan, initiated in 2021 and set to expire in January 2026 [2] - The measures are categorized as anti-dumping and are part of a broader regulatory framework aimed at protecting domestic industries from unfair competition [2] - The announcement includes specific details such as the starting date of the measures and the relevant countries involved in the cases [2]

Core Viewpoint - The extent of Canada's anti-dumping measures will depend on the progress of negotiations with the United States regarding a new economic agreement [1] Group 1 - Canada's Prime Minister Carney indicated that the implementation of anti-dumping measures is contingent upon the outcomes of discussions with the U.S. [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Eurasian Economic Commission has decided to extend the anti-dumping measures on galvanized steel products originating from China and Ukraine for an additional five years, with specific tax rates established for each country [1][2]. Group 1: Anti-Dumping Measures - The anti-dumping measures on galvanized steel from China will have tax rates ranging from 12.69% to 17.00%, while the rate for Ukraine is set at 23.90% [1][2]. - The measures are now effective until June 9, 2030, following the extension [1]. Group 2: Historical Context - The anti-dumping investigation on galvanized steel products from China and Ukraine was initiated on June 29, 2018, leading to the initial measures announced on December 6, 2019 [2]. - A price commitment was reached with five Chinese companies, allowing them to avoid the anti-dumping tax, which took effect on January 5, 2020, and was initially set to expire on January 4, 2025 [2]. - The first sunset review investigation was launched on September 2, 2024, and the measures were temporarily extended until September 1, 2025, before the latest five-year extension was confirmed [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce of China has decided to implement anti-dumping measures on imported chlorpyrifos originating from India, following an investigation that found significant dumping and substantial damage to the domestic industry [1] Group 1: Investigation and Findings - The Ministry initiated an anti-dumping investigation on May 7, 2024, based on applications from the domestic industry [1] - The investigation was conducted in accordance with legal regulations and WTO rules, ensuring that all stakeholders' opinions were considered [1] - The conclusion of the investigation indicated that there was serious dumping of chlorpyrifos from India, causing substantial harm to the domestic industry, with a causal relationship established between dumping and the damage [1] Group 2: Anti-Dumping Duties - The anti-dumping duties imposed on Indian companies range from 48.4% to 166.2% [1] - The anti-dumping measures will take effect on May 7, 2025, and will be in place for a duration of five years [1]