央视网消息：7月22日上午，人力资源社会保障部召开二季度新闻发布会，相关负责人介绍，今年上半年，全国城镇新增就业 695万人，完成全年目标任务的58%。6月份全国城镇调查失业率为5.0%，与去年同期持平。 今年上半年，面对复杂多变的外部环境和艰巨繁重的就业任务，多部门加大政策支持力度，着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳 预期。 为了帮助劳动者提升技能，好就业、就好业，近期，我国开展大规模职业技能提升培训行动，为期三年，每年开展不少于1000 万人次的政府补贴培训。 人力资源社会保障部职业能力建设司副司长 王晓君：将围绕增加制造业、服务业紧缺技能人才供给，聚焦先进制造、数字经 济、低空经济、交通运输、农业农村、生活服务等领域，针对高校毕业生、企业职工、农民工等群体不同特点，提供针对性技能培 训服务。 上半年社会保险基金运行总体平稳 上半年，我国社保制度改革持续深化。截至6月底，全国基本养老、失业、工伤保险参保人数分别为10.71亿人、2.45亿人、3亿 人。上半年三项社会保险基金总收入4.53万亿元、总支出3.89万亿元，6月底累计结余9.83万亿元，基金运行总体平稳。 人力资源社会保障部政策研究司司长 崔鹏程：多 ...

Group 1 - The overall economic operation in the second quarter is stable, with a focus on employment policies leading to an active labor market and a decrease in the urban survey unemployment rate compared to the first quarter, remaining stable year-on-year [1][4] - The average urban survey unemployment rate in the second quarter is 5.0%, down 0.3 percentage points from the first quarter and unchanged from the same period last year. Monthly rates show a decline in April and May, with June maintaining the rate at 5.0% [2] - The unemployment rate for the main labor market demographic (ages 30 to 59, excluding students) is 4.0%, which is 1.0 percentage point lower than the national urban average, showing a decrease from the first quarter and stability year-on-year [3] Group 2 - Employment for migrant workers remains stable, with an average unemployment rate of 4.8% in the second quarter, a slight decrease from the first quarter. The rate fluctuated in April and May but returned to 4.8% in June [3] - Despite the overall stability in employment, there are still pressures on specific groups such as youth and migrant workers, and certain industries face employment challenges. Continued efforts are needed to enhance domestic demand and address external uncertainties [4] - The government plans to utilize macro policy tools to support employment stability, including special loans, unemployment insurance, social security subsidies, and vocational training to assist key and vulnerable groups [4]

美国财长贝森特：整体就业形势良好。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant increase in the number of PhD graduates globally, particularly in populous countries like China and India, while highlighting the mismatch between the growing number of PhDs and the limited academic job opportunities available [3][7][12]. Group 1: Growth of PhD Graduates - The number of PhD graduates has been steadily increasing over the past few decades, with a near doubling of new PhD holders in OECD countries from 1998 to 2017 [6]. - In China, the number of students pursuing PhDs has surged from approximately 300,000 in 2013 to over 600,000 in 2023, driven by the increasing number of individuals holding bachelor's and master's degrees [7]. Group 2: Job Market Challenges - The academic job market has not kept pace with the rising number of PhD graduates, leading to intense competition for academic positions [8]. - A study in the UK found that over two-thirds of PhD graduates are employed outside academia, indicating a shift in employment patterns [10]. Group 3: Employment Satisfaction and Income Disparities - Despite the challenges, over 90% of PhD graduates report high job satisfaction, particularly in science and technology fields [13]. - Research indicates that PhD holders generally earn higher hourly wages than master's degree holders, although this is not consistent across all fields, with some areas like law and management showing lower earnings for PhD holders [13]. Group 4: Calls for Reform - Researchers advocate for a reevaluation of the PhD's role and reforms in higher education to better prepare graduates for non-academic careers [15]. - Some countries have begun implementing changes, such as providing training and paid internships during PhD studies, but many students feel insufficiently prepared for non-academic roles [15]. Group 5: Skills Demand - The oversupply of PhD graduates does not devalue the degree but highlights a disconnect between traditional educational models and labor market needs [16]. - Skills acquired through PhD programs, such as innovation and critical thinking, are in high demand in the job market, suggesting a need for improved PhD training that aligns with contemporary requirements [16].

美联储哈克：最新就业数据显示就业形势稳定。 ...