编者按： 日前召开的中央经济工作会议，明确了明年经济工作的总体要求和政策取向，部署了明年经济工作"八个 坚持"的重点任务，抓住关键、纲举目张。为深入学习贯彻会议精神，本报即日起推出"落实会议部署 问 答中国经济"系列述评，围绕发展目标设定、赤字规模安排、推动投资企稳等10个方面热点问题展开讨 论，敬请关注。 做好经济工作，离不开量化的预期目标做牵引。国内生产总值（GDP）增速、居民消费价格涨幅、城镇新增就 业数量、城镇调查失业率等，是社会各界最为关注的几个发展目标。目前距离明年全国两会政府工作报告公布 具体数值还有时日，但根据中央经济工作会议透露的政策信息，可以描画部分预期目标的大致轮廓。 设定经济增速目标，要统筹考虑"推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长"，平衡经济发展"质"与"量"的关 系，必须坚持因地制宜、实事求是。对于当前面临的形势，中央经济工作会议作出精准判断：我国经济发展中 老问题、新挑战仍然不少，外部环境变化影响加深，国内供强需弱矛盾突出，重点领域风险隐患较多。这些大 多是发展中、转型中的问题，经过努力是可以解决的，我国经济长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有改变。这 个判断既对短期困难有清醒认识 ...

编者按：日前召开的中央经济工作会议，明确了明年经济工作的总体要求和政策取向，部署了明年经济 工作"八个坚持"的重点任务，抓住关键、纲举目张。为深入学习贯彻会议精神，本报即日起推出"落实 会议部署问答中国经济"系列述评，围绕发展目标设定、赤字规模安排、推动投资企稳等10个方面热点 问题展开讨论，敬请关注。 做好经济工作，离不开量化的预期目标做牵引。国内生产总值（GDP）增速、居民消费价格涨幅、城镇 新增就业数量、城镇调查失业率等，是社会各界最为关注的几个发展目标。目前距离明年全国两会政府 工作报告公布具体数值还有时日，但根据中央经济工作会议透露的政策信息，可以描画部分预期目标的 大致轮廓。 中央经济工作会议提出"把促进经济稳定增长、物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量"，这一积极定调 本身有助于稳定通胀预期，而通胀预期对实际的通胀水平本身具有牵引作用；同时，明年货币政策基调 继续维持"适度宽松"，人民银行近日表态明年要"促进社会综合融资成本低位运行，加强对实体经济的 金融支持"，表明实体经济融资利率将进一步走低，这为促进物价合理回升提供持续有利的利率环境。 因此，目前市场普遍看好明年价格保持温和上涨，企业盈利改善 ...

Core Insights - The report by KPMG indicates that China's GDP growth for the first three quarters of 2025 is 5.2%, which is 0.4 percentage points higher than the same period last year, showing good progress towards the annual growth target of around 5% [1] - In the third quarter, the focus of policies shifted towards "anti-involution," resulting in a GDP growth rate of 4.8%, a decline of 0.4 percentage points from the second quarter [1] - The implementation of "anti-involution" policies has limited investment momentum for most enterprises, leading to a contraction in investment demand while controlling supply [1] Economic Support Factors - Two main supportive factors for economic performance in the fourth quarter are identified: the easing of trade tensions, which positively impacts foreign trade performance and business expectations, and a renewed focus on domestic demand in macroeconomic policies to mitigate the effects of "anti-involution" [1] - The fiscal measures include the completion of 500 billion yuan in policy financial tool allocations and an additional 500 billion yuan in local government debt quotas to support project construction and debt repayment [1] - Recent monetary policy actions have included the resumption of bond purchasing operations, indicating a coordinated effort between fiscal and monetary policies to enhance domestic demand, particularly in investment [1]

Economic Growth and Projections - October economic data indicates a slowdown in growth, with a projected Q4 GDP growth rate of 4.2%[1] - The annual GDP growth target of around 5% is expected to be achieved, with policies focusing on implementation[1] - Anticipated budget deficit rate for next year is expected to remain at 4%[1] Consumer Spending and Retail - Retail sales growth in October decreased to 2.9%, slightly better than the market expectation of 2.8%[2] - Durable goods consumption showed mixed results, with communication equipment sales rising to 23.2% while home appliances fell by 14.6%[2] - The "Double Eleven" shopping festival did not generate as much excitement as in previous years, indicating weak consumer demand[1] Industrial Production and Investment - Industrial production growth fell to 4.9%, below the expected 5.5%, influenced by a holiday effect[5] - Fixed asset investment growth declined significantly to -1.7%, lower than the market expectation of -0.8%[3] - Real estate investment continued to weaken, with a year-on-year decline of 14.7% in October[3] Employment and Inflation - The urban unemployment rate improved slightly to 5.1%, better than the expected 5.2%[5] - October CPI inflation rate increased to 0.2%, surpassing the market expectation of -0.1%[6] External Demand and Trade - Export growth turned negative at -1.1% in October, influenced by high base effects and holiday timing[7] - The contribution of net exports to GDP is expected to decline, with a forecasted export growth drop to 3.0% next year[11]

Economic Performance Overview - In October, the industrial added value increased by 4.9% year-on-year and 0.17% month-on-month[1] - The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 46,291 billion yuan, growing by 2.9% year-on-year and 0.16% month-on-month[1] - From January to October, fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) totaled 408,914 billion yuan, showing a year-on-year decline of 1.7%[1] Investment and Consumption Trends - Historical data suggests that investment growth typically rebounds first during economic stabilization periods, as seen in 2008-09 and 2020-21[2] - Manufacturing investment saw a significant decline, with a year-on-year drop from -1.9% in September to -6.7% in October[3] - Infrastructure investment growth decreased from -4.6% in September to -8.9% in October, indicating a low level of infrastructure activity[3] Consumer Behavior Insights - The retail sales growth rate slightly declined to 2.9% in October, influenced by a high base from the previous year and the waning effects of the "old-for-new" policy[4] - The early "Double Eleven" shopping festival helped mitigate the decline in retail sales growth, which did not significantly worsen despite multiple pressures[4] Real Estate Market Dynamics - From January to October, real estate investment cumulative growth fell to -14.7%, down from -13.9% previously, reflecting weak demand and high base effects from last year[5] - The need for further policy support in the real estate sector is emphasized to balance supply and demand and promote high-quality development[5] Risk Factors - Potential risks include policies falling short of expectations, unexpected changes in the domestic economic situation, and fluctuations in exports[6]

Economic Outlook - The economic confidence index for November 2025 is reported at 50.3, remaining stable compared to the previous month, indicating a steady economic outlook with a target growth rate of 5% for the year [1][4][8] - Economists predict that the external environment will remain complex and variable, emphasizing the need for domestic economic focus on restoring internal demand [1][7] Price Trends - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for October is forecasted to be -0.1%, showing a slight recovery from the previous month's -0.3% [2][9] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) is expected to be -2.2%, slightly better than the previous month's -2.3% [2][9] Retail and Consumption - The year-on-year growth rate for social retail sales in October is predicted to be 2.7%, down from 3% in the previous month [2][10] - Factors affecting retail growth include a decline in automotive sales and a slowdown in the real estate market, despite positive trends in tourism and online consumption [11][10] Industrial Production - The industrial added value for October is expected to grow by 5.7%, a decrease from the previous month's 6.5% [2][12] - High-frequency data indicates strong production activity, particularly in steel and chemical sectors, suggesting continued robust industrial performance [12] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment growth is projected to be -0.8%, slightly lower than the previous month's -0.5% [2][13] - Infrastructure investment is anticipated to receive a boost from new fiscal policies, while real estate investment continues to face challenges [14][15] Trade Balance - The trade surplus for October is forecasted to be $94.26 billion, an increase from the previous month's $90.45 billion [2][16][18] - Export growth is expected to be 2.6%, while import growth is projected at 3.1%, both lower than previous figures [18] Financial Indicators - New loans for October are expected to drop to 454.91 billion yuan from 1.29 trillion yuan in September [2][19] - The total social financing amount is predicted to be 1.3 trillion yuan, down from 3.53 trillion yuan in September [20] Monetary Policy - The M2 money supply growth rate is forecasted to be 8.2%, slightly lower than the previous month's 8.4% [21] - Economists expect little change in the LPR and reserve requirement ratios in the near term, with potential for slight adjustments to stimulate domestic demand [22] Currency and Foreign Reserves - The RMB to USD exchange rate is expected to stabilize at 7.1 by the end of November [3][23] - Foreign exchange reserves are projected to remain steady at approximately $333.71 billion [24] Policy Directions - Macroeconomic policies are expected to focus on enhancing infrastructure and social welfare, with an emphasis on "investment in people" to drive sustainable economic growth [26][27][29] - The government aims to improve residents' income and consumption capacity, which is crucial for stimulating domestic demand [31][32]

Group 1: Economic Performance - In Q1 2025, China's nominal GDP was approximately 31.9 trillion yuan, with a real GDP growth of 5.4% year-on-year, maintaining the high point from Q4 2024[1] - The contribution of final consumption, capital formation, and net exports to GDP growth in Q1 was 2.8, 0.5, and 2.1 percentage points respectively, with contribution rates of 51.9%, 9.3%, and 38.9%[1] - The average contribution of final consumption, capital formation, and net exports to GDP growth from 2020 to 2024 was 2.7, 1.5, and 0.8 percentage points, totaling approximately 5.0%[2] Group 2: Future Outlook - In Q2 2025, domestic real GDP is expected to fall below 5.0% due to a slowdown in domestic demand and a significant decline in external demand[4] - The "internal demand compensating for external demand" strategy will be crucial for economic growth in Q2 2025[2] - The service sector's recovery is anticipated to enhance the effectiveness of the "internal demand compensating for external demand" strategy in Q2 2025[3] Group 3: Risks and Challenges - Risks include a potential reduction in policy stimulus and uncertainties in overseas economic policies[5] - The impact of U.S. tariffs on Chinese exports may lead to a notable decline in external demand, affecting overall economic growth in Q2 2025[2]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming National Two Sessions in 2025 are expected to bring significant opportunities in the capital market, with analysts expressing optimism about China's asset attractiveness and focusing on economic growth targets, fiscal policy, and monetary policy [1] Macroeconomic Focus - Economic Growth: Most institutions predict a GDP growth target of around 5% for 2025, with a weighted average growth target calculated at 5.3% based on local targets [2] - Inflation Target: CPI targets are expected to be lowered to around 2% for 2025, down from previous years' targets of approximately 3% [3] Fiscal Policy Focus - Deficit Rate: Analysts anticipate an increase in the deficit rate to around 4% for 2025, with new special bond issuance expected to rise to approximately 4.2 to 4.5 trillion yuan [3] - Spending Direction: Fiscal policy is expected to focus on promoting consumption and driving technological innovation, with measures such as supporting trade-in programs to boost consumer spending [4] Monetary Policy Focus - Monetary Policy Stance: The prevailing view is that monetary policy will maintain a "moderately loose" stance, with potential for interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions, but these actions may be delayed until after the Two Sessions [5][6] Capital Market Investment Opportunities - Technology Sector: The technology growth sector, particularly around AI and robotics, is expected to remain a hotspot, with increasing attractiveness of Chinese AI assets [6] - Consumer Sector: With enhanced fiscal policy efforts, consumer growth is anticipated to accelerate, supported by government measures like vehicle purchase subsidies [7] - Capital Market Reforms: The Two Sessions may lead to further improvements in the capital market's "1+N" institutional framework, promoting mergers and acquisitions and fostering a healthy market environment [8]