债券研究 第二，30y 国债明确采取新代码发行，公告发布后 250002 表现偏弱，短期内 2500006 或延续活跃券地位，关注后续 30y 普通国债换券失败风险。 2、关键期限国债单只规模：年初先上升后回落，后续或仍有提速空间 年初 2 年和 10 年期关键期限国债单只发行规模较大，普通国债发行靠前发力， 可能存在续发压力大、更快形成实物工作量、和让位特别国债等原因。随后披 露的 1 年国债单只规模下降至 1350 亿，不同的国债发行速度反应什么信息？ （1）4%赤字率对应关键期限国债单只发行规模年度均值在 1500 亿附近。 证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券日报】 国债发行进度真的快么？ ——2026Q1 政府债券供给展望及关注要点 一、国债：Q1 支数变化不大，单只规模上升后回落，后续存在提速空间 1、Q1 国债计划解读 第一，国债发行只数 2026 年一季度与 2025 年同期差异不大。 （2）国债单只规模先上升后下降，若后续延续 1350 亿的发行速度，全月均值 或在 1500 亿附近，符合 4%赤字率下的中性发行速度。 （3）若 Q1 净融资进度要赶上 2025 年，关键期限国债单只发行规模季度均 ...

证券研究报告 | 宏观深度报告 | 中国宏观 展望明年，我们认为，结合积极的财政政策基调以及中央预算稳定调节基金的特点， 2026 年存在小幅提高赤字率的可能性，同时综合考虑调入资金及结转结余（2025 年财 政预算显示，第一本账收入中调入资金及使用结转结余 20555 亿元），则 2026 年广义 财政力度或将下降。预计 2026 年赤字率可能设定为 4.0%~4.2%左右，对应赤字规模 为 5.89 万亿至 6.19 万亿左右，广义赤字规模约为 11.79 万亿至 12.09 万亿左右（地方 专项债规模或设定为 4.4 万亿左右，超长期特别国债或维持 1.2 万亿左右规模，持续发 力"两重""两新"，特别国债或为 3000 亿左右规模，支持国有大型商业银行补充资本。） ❑ 一般公共预算：11 月税收收入增速放缓 11 月全国一般公共预算收入 14026 亿元，同比增长-0.02%，较前值放缓。从结构 上看，11 月全国税收收入 11450 亿元，同比增长 2.8%，1-11 月全国税收收入增长 1.8%，较前值 1.7%小幅扩大。11 月非税收入 2576 亿元，同比下降 10.8%，延续 了 5 月份以 ...

Investment consulting business qualification：CSRC License [2012] No. 669 投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2012】669 号 中信期货国际化研究 | CITIC Futures International Research 2025-12-18 China Fiscal Policy Outlook: Moderate Expandsion? 中国财政政策展望：如何理解适度扩张 | 甘 青 | Gan | Qing | 从业资格号 Qualification No：F03124127 | 投资咨询号 Consulting No.：Z0023461 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 程小庆 | | | Cheng Xiaoqing 从业资格号 Qualification No：F3083989 | 投资咨询号 Consulting No.：Z0018635 | | 张菁 | Zhang Jing | | 从业资格号 Qualification No：F3022617 | 投资咨询号 Consulting ...

粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示，"更加积极"要求财政支出强度有保障，赤字率预计不低于4%，新 增债务规模将继续提高。"优化财政支出结构方面，预计财政资金的投向将实现从重视投资到投资消费 并重、从重视供给到供给需求并重、从重视企业到重视企业家庭并重，进一步向居民端和民生保障倾 斜，提高育儿补贴金额、延长学前教育免费年限、进一步提高城乡居民养老金，修复居民部门资产负债 表。"罗志恒说。（上证报） ...

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The records primarily discuss the macroeconomic outlook for China and Japan, focusing on fiscal revenue and monetary policy implications for 2026 [1][2][3][4][5][8][10]. Key Insights and Arguments 1. **China's Fiscal Revenue Outlook for 2026**: - China's broad fiscal revenue is expected to stabilize and increase, driven by stable macro tax burdens, anti-involution policies, performance of special taxes, and enhanced tax collection measures [1][2][3][4]. - The overall fiscal revenue is projected to show uncertainty but trend towards stability [4]. 2. **Factors Influencing China's Fiscal Revenue**: - **Stable Macro Tax Burden**: Emphasis on maintaining a reasonable macro tax burden and regulating tax incentives to address the ongoing decline in macro tax levels [3]. - **Anti-Involution Policies**: These policies are anticipated to help improve prices in 2026, particularly benefiting domestic value-added tax revenues from manufacturing and wholesale sectors [3]. - **Performance of Special Taxes**: The shift towards domestic demand may reduce the drag from export tax refunds, while higher trading volumes in the securities market could enhance stamp duty contributions [3]. - **Strengthened Tax Collection Measures**: Increased coverage and regulation of personal income tax and compliance requirements for local government investment incentives are expected to improve fiscal stability [3]. 3. **Japan's Economic Stimulus and Fiscal Challenges**: - Japan's government has introduced a ¥21.3 trillion economic stimulus plan, primarily targeting inflation and social subsidies, which is expected to raise the fiscal deficit to 3.0% in 2026 [1][8]. - The effectiveness of Japan's fiscal expansion is anticipated to be weaker compared to the U.S. and Germany, with a projected GDP impact of only 0.5 percentage points [8][9]. 4. **Market Risks and Volatility**: - The combination of fiscal expansion and monetary tightening in Japan has raised risks of a reversal in yen carry trades, particularly as the Bank of Japan shifts towards a hawkish stance [8][10]. - Current market conditions show a balanced position in yen trading, with net long positions emerging, indicating a more stable environment compared to previous extremes [11][12]. 5. **U.S. Economic Data and Implications**: - Recent U.S. economic data, including a decline in ADP employment figures and stagnant PCE consumption growth, suggest a weakening labor market and potential for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in December [7]. Other Important but Overlooked Content - The records highlight the importance of monitoring the interplay between U.S. and Japanese monetary policies, particularly during periods of contrasting stances, which could create volatility in the markets [10]. - The potential for Japan's fiscal measures to lead to increased inflationary pressures, despite initial subsidies aimed at reducing costs, is a critical consideration for future economic stability [9][12].

固收-年末"最后一跌"，或可配置 20251124 摘要 当前市场是一个较好的配置窗口，10 年期国债收益率上行至 1.83%左 右是一个安全保护点位，年末需关注农村金融机构的买入水平，这将决 定后续是否会有一波配置行情启动。 预计 2026 年财政政策延续积极基调，赤字率维持 4%左右，国债发行 量预计约为 5 万亿，准财政工具仍有发力空间，特别国债和新增专项债 可能增加，政府资金需求比今年增加约 1.3 万亿。 当前推荐阿尔法挖掘策略中的 7~10 年证金债和 3~5 年品种，以及 10 年期国债，超长端具有较好的配置性价比，本周相对较好的阿尔法品种 包括短端 3~5 年的政金债和 30 年的超长端国债老券。 当前市场胜率较高但赔率有限，不必过度焦虑，可以逐步建仓以布局明 年的票息收入，关注农村金融机构等主要资金动向，以便及时调整投资 策略。 预计 2026 年政府部门的财政支持力度将从 2025 年的 68%左右上升到 70.5%左右，增幅有所放缓，但整体趋势仍然是上升的。 预计 2026 年普通国债发行规模将达到 7.1 万亿人民币，地方债总计约 7.5 万亿人民币，一季度融资节奏较快，需关注供给压力 ...

Revenue Insights - From January to October 2025, the national general public budget revenue reached 18.65 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.8%, with a growth rate improvement of 0.3 percentage points compared to January to September[1] - In October, the general public budget revenue recorded a year-on-year growth of 3.2%, up from 2.6% in September, driven primarily by tax revenue which grew by 8.6%[1][2] - Personal income tax showed a remarkable year-on-year growth of 27.3%, significantly higher than the previous value of 16.7%, making it a core driver of tax revenue growth[2] Expenditure Trends - General public budget expenditure from January to October 2025 totaled 22.58 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 2%[1] - In October, public budget expenditure decreased by 9.8%, marking the first negative growth of the year, attributed to earlier fiscal spending in the first half of the year and constraints from the annual deficit requirements[3] - Infrastructure spending saw a significant decline of 26.7%, indicating reduced support for traditional fiscal investment methods[5] Tax Revenue Dynamics - Non-tax revenue experienced a sharp decline of 33.0%, indicating an ongoing improvement in the quality of fiscal revenue[1] - Export tax rebates fell by 14.8%, suggesting a potential weakening in external demand, consistent with the downward trend in October's export growth[2] - The growth rate of securities transaction stamp duty normalized to 17.5%, down from a previous 342.4%, indicating a return to typical market conditions[2] Fiscal Policy Implications - The tightening of fiscal expenditure in October may necessitate an increase in the deficit ratio next year to support economic continuity, especially with the upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan"[3] - Local government land transfer revenue dropped by 27.3%, a significant increase in decline compared to the previous month's -1.0%, impacting government fund expenditures which fell by 38.2%[5]

Group 1: Macroeconomic Outlook - The report highlights that both the US and China are entering critical years, with global investment driven by three and a half engines: AI investment, defense spending, and industrial restructuring [1][14] - The nominal GDP growth rate is expected to recover, with a focus on domestic demand and technology as key policy areas [1][2] - The transition from old to new economic drivers in China is anticipated to gain momentum, leading to a rebalancing of supply and demand [2][11] Group 2: Policy Environment - The "15th Five-Year Plan" sets a supportive policy tone, with monetary policy expected to remain accommodative, albeit with less room than in the current year [3][15] - Fiscal policy is projected to maintain a certain level of expansion, with total tools estimated at 15.7 trillion yuan, an increase of approximately 1.2 trillion yuan from this year [3][15] - The report emphasizes the importance of structural tools and the coordination between monetary and fiscal policies to support various sectors [3][15] Group 3: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The narrative of "asset scarcity" in the bond market is expected to weaken, with a focus on the verification of corporate profits and capacity utilization [4][18] - The report notes that government bond supply is likely to increase, but market pressure will be manageable due to central bank support [4][18] - Institutional behavior is identified as a major source of market volatility, with a reduction in stable funding leading to increased market fluctuations [4][18] Group 4: Bond Market Strategy - The bond market is expected to maintain a "low interest rate + high volatility" characteristic, with the central rate likely remaining stable or slightly increasing [5][18] - The report suggests a strategy of segment trading, coupon strategies, and equity exposure as priorities over duration adjustment and credit downgrading [5][18] - The ten-year government bond yield is projected to fluctuate between 1.6% and 2.1%, with a widening of term spreads anticipated [5][18]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of fiscal policy during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, advocating for proactive measures to support economic growth and address challenges, with a target GDP growth rate of approximately 4.7% to achieve the 2035 doubling goal [4][5]. Fiscal Policy Role - Fiscal policy is expected to play a crucial role in the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on maintaining a high budget deficit to stimulate economic growth [4][5]. - The suggested budget deficit rate for 2026 is around 5%, with plans to utilize special bonds and other broad deficit tools to exceed 16 trillion yuan in total deficit [4][5]. Comparison with Other Economies - Compared to major economies like the U.S. and Japan, which have high deficit rates exceeding 6%, China's central government has a lower leverage ratio, indicating room for increased fiscal measures to boost social confidence and effective demand [5][6]. Shift in Fiscal Spending Focus - There is a proposed shift in fiscal spending from primarily investment-focused to a balanced approach that includes both investment and consumption, emphasizing the need for increased support in public services and consumer spending [6][7]. Addressing Local Government Debt - Addressing local government debt risks is highlighted as a key aspect of fiscal efforts, with recommendations for orderly debt replacement and improved asset management to alleviate financial pressures [7][8]. Structural Issues and Policy Coordination - The article stresses the need to view government debt expansion in a balanced manner, recognizing its potential positive effects on economic growth while advocating for structural reforms in the fiscal and tax systems [8][9]. Economic Resilience and Domestic Demand - The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is seen as a critical time for China to enhance its economic resilience and unleash domestic demand, supported by coordinated macroeconomic policies and ongoing urbanization efforts [9].

Core Points - The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to improve the macroeconomic governance system to ensure high-quality and sustainable development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1] Fiscal Policy - Fiscal policy is expected to play a proactive role during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on addressing issues through development [2] - To achieve the goal of doubling GDP by 2035, the actual GDP growth rate needs to be maintained at around 4.7%, which requires a high budget deficit level to support economic growth [2] - The deficit rate is suggested to be set at around 5% for 2026, with plans to utilize special bonds and other broad deficit tools, aiming for a total broad deficit scale exceeding 16 trillion yuan [2] Government Debt and Investment - Compared to major economies like the US and Japan, China's central government has a lower leverage ratio, which can be increased to boost social confidence and effective demand [3] - The focus of fiscal policy during the "14th Five-Year Plan" will shift from primarily investment to a balance between investment and consumption, enhancing public service and addressing shortfalls in healthcare, education, and elderly care [3][4] - There will be an emphasis on expanding effective investment in infrastructure, particularly in transportation, energy, and water conservancy, as well as supporting new industries like digital economy and green energy [4] Local Government Debt Management - Addressing local government debt risks is crucial for sustainable fiscal development, with some progress already made, though challenges remain [4][5] - The strategy includes orderly debt replacement, dynamic adjustment of high-risk areas, and enhancing government asset management [5][6] Economic Growth and Structural Issues - The relationship between government debt expansion and economic growth should be viewed objectively, recognizing the positive effects of debt efficiency and structure optimization [6] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is seen as a critical phase for China's transition to high-quality development, with potential for domestic demand to be released and resilience in foreign trade [6]