Summary of Conference Call on Liquid Cooling Technology Industry Overview - 2025 is projected to be the global year of liquid cooling, with an expected shipment of 30,000 units, significantly higher than the 1,000-2,000 units in 2024 [1][3] - Demand is anticipated to increase by over 30% in the second half of 2025 compared to the first half, driven by IT infrastructure expansion and capacity ramp-up [2][4] Key Insights and Arguments - NVIDIA plans to deliver 5 million GPUs in 2026, corresponding to approximately 60,000 to 70,000 liquid cooling cabinets, indicating a potential doubling of demand [4][5] - The liquid cooling market is fragmented, with leading suppliers like Weidi holding a 30%-35% market share, and North American suppliers collectively accounting for nearly 60% of the market [1][7][8] - Chinese manufacturers face challenges in the international market due to trade issues and technological gaps, primarily participating in Southeast Asian markets while focusing on domestic liquid cooling applications [1][9] Pricing and Cost Structure - The cost of overseas liquid cooling systems is approximately $70,000 for an N172 cabinet and $50,000 for an N272 cabinet, while domestic systems are cheaper, averaging around 2,000 RMB per kW [10][11] - Domestic cooling systems are generally less expensive due to lower component costs and simpler designs, with total costs around 2,000 RMB per kW [12] Profitability and Market Entry - Overseas manufacturers typically require a gross margin of at least 35%, while some domestic companies are willing to operate with margins as low as 20% [13][14] - There are currently no clear indications that domestic companies can directly enter the overseas market, although some have received certifications from major clients like NVIDIA [15] Technological Developments - The liquid cooling technology is evolving, with potential shifts towards hybrid cooling solutions that combine GPU direct cooling with cabinet-level silent cooling [3][16] - The Rubin architecture may introduce new challenges for liquid cooling systems, necessitating further validation of new technologies [17][18] Future Trends - The development of server power supplies is moving towards higher capacities, with a new generation of 12 kW power supplies expected in early 2026 [19][20] - The transition to high-voltage direct current (DC) power supplies is anticipated, which could enhance energy density and efficiency [20] Challenges in Implementation - The low-voltage 848V systems face limitations due to high current requirements, necessitating the development of high-voltage to low-voltage onboard power supplies [23] - High-frequency conversion technologies present significant challenges in terms of design complexity and cost [24][25] Conclusion - The liquid cooling market is poised for significant growth, driven by technological advancements and increasing demand from the IT sector. However, challenges remain in terms of international market entry for Chinese manufacturers and the need for ongoing innovation in cooling technologies.

Summary of Conference Call on Aohai Technology Industry Overview - The AI server power supply industry is experiencing significant changes due to technological upgrades and innovations in server power solutions. The power consumption of server chips has increased dramatically, with the H200 chip's single-chip power rising from 700 watts to 1,200 watts, and server power consumption escalating from 5.5 kW to 30 kW, leading to a surge in demand for liquid cooling and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power solutions [2][3][4]. Company Performance Aohai Technology - Aohai Technology's server power supply business is rapidly expanding, with projected revenue reaching 6 billion yuan by 2025, including 1 billion yuan from the AI sector. The company has established a strong customer base, including major clients like Alibaba and Xinhua San, and is actively expanding into overseas markets with factories in India, Indonesia, and Vietnam [2][5][10]. - The company is positioned as the second-largest player in the server power supply market, following Oulutong, and is expected to launch high-end products exceeding 5.5 kW [4][13]. - Aohai's current price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is 24, with expectations to exceed 30 by 2025 and reach 20-25 by 2026 [4][12][16]. Oulutong - Oulutong has shown remarkable growth in its AI server power supply business, with revenues increasing from 1 billion yuan in 2023 to an expected 14 billion yuan by 2025. The company holds a domestic market share of approximately 15%-20% and has secured certifications from major internet companies [2][5][6]. Market Dynamics - Taiwanese manufacturers, historically dominant in the global server power supply market, are facing increasing competition from domestic companies like Oulutong, which are gaining market share through technological innovation and customer expansion [6][8]. - The server power supply industry is projected to benefit from the growth of AI, big data, and cloud computing, with a sustained demand for high-performance servers and the adoption of new cooling and power supply technologies [2][7]. Future Outlook - The global and Chinese server power supply industry is expected to continue its rapid development, driven by the increasing demand for high-performance servers and the proliferation of advanced power supply solutions. Companies with strong technological capabilities and customer resources in China are likely to accelerate their internationalization and capture a larger share of the global market [7][11]. - Aohai Technology is viewed as a potential leading player in the market, with optimistic growth prospects and a strategic focus on expanding its product offerings and customer base [14][17]. Investment Considerations - Investors are encouraged to consider Aohai Technology as a promising investment opportunity, with expectations of significant revenue growth and a potential market capitalization reaching 20 billion yuan. The company is positioned to outperform expectations with its innovative product developments and market expansion strategies [15][18].

Group 1 - A total of 108 stocks reached the daily limit up today, with 26 stocks on consecutive limit up boards [1] - 43 stocks failed to maintain their limit up status, resulting in a sealing rate of 71% (excluding ST and delisted stocks) [1] - Notable stocks include Jishi Media in the film and television sector with 7 limit up boards in 11 days, and Dayuan Pump Industry in the liquid cooling server concept with 6 consecutive limit up boards [1] Group 2 - Feilong Co. achieved 5 limit up boards in 9 days, while Guojijinggong in the commercial aerospace sector had 6 limit up boards in 11 days [1] - Tongzhou Electronics in the server power supply sector recorded 5 limit up boards in 6 days [1]

Core Insights - The server power supply industry is experiencing rapid growth driven by the "East Data West Computing" strategy and increasing demand for AI computing power, with the market expected to reach 308.55 billion yuan by the end of 2024, a year-on-year increase of 51.97% [1][16] - The server power supply market is projected to expand to 10.726 billion yuan in 2024, with AI server power supplies becoming a core growth driver, expected to exceed 5.5 billion yuan by 2025, accounting for over 40% of the overall market [1][18] - The industry is evolving towards high power density, intelligent management, and ecological collaboration, while also expanding production capacity in Southeast Asia to address global challenges [1][24] Industry Overview - Server power supplies are specialized devices that convert AC or DC power into stable DC power required by server hardware, ensuring continuous, efficient, and safe power supply [2] - The industry has established a comprehensive policy framework to promote high-quality development, including energy efficiency standards and green low-carbon initiatives [7][9] Market Dynamics - The server power supply market is characterized by a diverse product range, including AC/DC and DC/DC power supplies, with various redundancy designs and efficiency standards [3] - The demand for server power supplies is driven by the rapid expansion of data centers and the increasing energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with them [10][14] Competitive Landscape - The competitive landscape of the server power supply industry features a mix of foreign and domestic players, with international giants like Delta and Lite-On dominating the high-end market, while local companies like Oulutong and Megmeet are rapidly growing [20][22] - The market is witnessing a shift towards AI server power supplies, which are expected to account for over 40% of the market by 2025, while general-purpose power supplies face intense price competition [26] Future Trends - The industry is moving towards high power density and intelligent management, with new materials like GaN and SiC enhancing efficiency and reducing size [24][25] - The market is becoming increasingly segmented, with AI server power supplies leading growth, while general-purpose power supplies are experiencing price wars due to homogenization [26] - The ecosystem is evolving towards vertical integration and global collaboration, with domestic manufacturers expanding production in Southeast Asia to mitigate trade barriers [27]

Summary of AITC Industry Conference Call Industry Overview - The AITC industry is currently in a phase of digesting existing capacity, leading to revenue growth but a decline in net profit and net profit margin [1] - The IDC industry experienced a cloud computing boom in 2020, resulting in overcapacity and a price war, but has shown signs of recovery since 2022 [3] Key Company Insights - **Runze Technology**: In 2024, four buildings totaling approximately 120 MW underwent upgrades from conventional 5-7 kW to high-power configurations [1] - **Office Data**: In 2020, revenue grew by 62% with EBITDA reaching approximately 830 million, a 39% increase. By the end of 2024, 190 MW was operational, with an expectation to reach 340 MW by year-end [2] - **Guanghuan Xinnet**: Experienced a revenue decline of 7.3% in 2014, primarily due to the impact of Amazon's cloud computing business [2] - **AIDC Sample Companies**: From 2018 to 2022, fixed asset total KGR was around 23%, increasing to 25% from 2022 to 2024, indicating a recovery from the industry's low point [3] Financial Performance - The AIT upstream industry saw a revenue increase of 12.6% in 2024, with operating profit rising by 30% [6] - AIDC's upstream ROE increased year-on-year, indicating improved capacity utilization [9] - In Q1 2025, inventory growth reached 47%, reflecting strong downstream demand [9] Market Dynamics - The industry is expected to see a construction boom that will continue until 2026, with significant new projects underway [4] - The pricing environment is anticipated to improve as high-quality resources in Beijing and surrounding areas are consumed [5] - The competitive landscape is expected to intensify due to the cancellation of domestic strong配政策, but market share may consolidate around leading players like Inwin and others [7] Future Projections - By the end of 2026, an estimated capacity of 550-560 MW is expected to be operational [2][10] - The valuation for companies in the IDC sector is projected to be attractive, with potential EBITDA multiples of 25-26 times for companies like Aofei Data [10] - The anticipated net profit for 2027 is projected at approximately 4.28 billion [12] Additional Insights - The cooling and power supply segment is expected to benefit from increased demand, with companies like Inwin and others poised for growth [13] - The trend towards higher power cabinets is evident, with companies upgrading their infrastructure to accommodate this shift [13] Conclusion - The AITC industry is navigating a complex landscape of capacity management and market recovery, with promising growth opportunities and evolving competitive dynamics. Investors are encouraged to monitor developments closely as the industry progresses towards 2026 and beyond [14]

Group 1 - The core driver for the formation of a bull market is the recovery of the fundamentals, with liquidity easing and industrial trends often creating a resonance effect [3] - When the fundamentals improve comprehensively, it typically leads to a full bull market; during structural improvements, a bull market may also emerge if combined with liquidity easing and industrial trends [3] - The future outlook suggests a gradual and moderate recovery process for fundamentals, with macro and micro liquidity resonance and industrial upgrades expected to drive market growth [3] Group 2 - In 2024, coal enterprises experienced a decline in operating income, a decrease in operating cash flow, and significant net outflows in investment cash flow [4] - Financing cash flow continues to show a net outflow, with high leverage levels and growing debt, although overall debt repayment capability remains strong [4] - It is anticipated that coal enterprise profitability will still be supported in 2025, with operating cash flow remaining relatively ample and investment cash flow showing relative rigidity [5] Group 3 - The rapid development of AI is significantly increasing its electricity demand, despite short-term concerns regarding market changes and computing power investments [5] - The emergence of DeepSeek has further boosted AI investment confidence outside the United States, presenting development opportunities for server power supplies [5] - The market size for NVIDIA's AI server AC-DC power supply is expected to reach between 35.1 billion to 45.5 billion yuan by 2025, with chip iterations benefiting BBU and supercapacitors [5]

Market Overview - The Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.4%, the CSI 300 increased by 0.5%, the STAR 50 went up by 0.2%, the CSI 1000 climbed by 0.8%, the ChiNext Index gained 0.8%, and the Hang Seng Index surged by 1.49% [2][3] - The best-performing sectors included Beauty Care (+2.5%), Comprehensive (+2.1%), Media (+2.0%), Home Appliances (+1.7%), and Pharmaceutical Biology (+1.6%). The worst-performing sectors were Defense Industry (-0.5%), Coal (-0.3%), Steel (-0.1%), Real Estate (-0.1%), and Building Materials (+0.1%) [2][3] - The total trading volume of the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets was 1,169.7 billion yuan, with a net inflow of 6.33 billion Hong Kong dollars from southbound funds [2][3] Key Recommendations Company: Jin Zai Food (003000) - Jin Zai Food is a leading brand in the snack food sector, with a clear growth path for its major products. The company is expected to exceed market revenue expectations in 2025, with a net profit margin slightly above market forecasts [3] - The company is expanding into new high-potential channels, particularly membership-based supermarkets, which are anticipated to drive significant revenue growth. The introduction of new products like short-shelf-life tofu and enriched konjac products is expected to contribute to sustained growth [3] - Revenue projections for 2025-2027 are 2,890.06 million yuan, 3,434.12 million yuan, and 4,104.14 million yuan, with growth rates of 19.82%, 18.83%, and 19.51% respectively. Net profits are projected at 343.32 million yuan, 418.22 million yuan, and 515.16 million yuan, with growth rates of 17.85%, 21.82%, and 23.18% respectively [3] Company: Oulutong (300870) - Oulutong is a leading supplier of high-power server power supplies, expected to benefit from the surge in demand driven by AI and domestic market expansion [4] - The company is positioned to capture increased market share as major internet companies ramp up AI-related capital expenditures, leading to a higher penetration rate of high-power server power supplies [4] - Revenue forecasts for 2025-2027 are 4,616.23 million yuan, 5,514.58 million yuan, and 6,501.19 million yuan, with growth rates of 21.56%, 19.46%, and 17.89% respectively. Net profits are projected at 354.04 million yuan, 465.43 million yuan, and 570.25 million yuan, with growth rates of 32.11%, 31.46%, and 22.52% respectively [5]