Core Insights - China has maintained a dominant position in rare earth mining and refining over the past 30 years, with projections indicating that it will continue to lead global rare earth processing and refining output significantly for the next 15 years [1] - In the 1970s, despite having the world's richest rare earth resources, China was unable to produce high-purity rare earth products and had to export raw materials cheaply while importing refined products at high prices [4][6] - The story of scientists Xu Guangxian and Gao Xiaxia illustrates the struggle to break free from technological constraints imposed by Western companies, leading to significant advancements in China's rare earth industry [5][8] Industry Overview - Rare earth elements, comprising 17 chemical elements, are essential for modern industry, enhancing the properties of materials used in various high-tech applications [8] - In the 1970s, China's rare earth industry was characterized by a lack of technology, leading to a cycle of exporting raw materials and importing refined products, which was economically disadvantageous [6][10] - Western companies, such as France's Rhone Poulenc, dominated the international rare earth market, controlling advanced separation technologies that China could not access due to high costs and strict confidentiality [9][11] Technological Breakthroughs - Xu Guangxian and Gao Xiaxia initiated a scientific revolution in a makeshift laboratory, developing a new extraction method known as "cascade extraction" to separate rare earth elements with high purity [14][21] - The cascade extraction theory allowed for continuous and efficient industrial production, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods like ion exchange and crystallization [22][23] - The successful application of this theory in industrial settings marked a turning point for China's rare earth industry, leading to a significant shift in the global market dynamics [27][31] Historical Impact - By 1980, Xu and Gao's contributions were recognized as they both became members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, reflecting the transformative impact of their work on the rare earth industry [30] - The widespread adoption of cascade extraction technology led to China's dominance in the rare earth market, capturing over 90% of the global share by the present day [40][42] - The legacy of Xu and Gao's work continues to influence China's position in high-tech industries, showcasing the importance of scientific innovation in national development [43][44]

文︱陆弃 但问题随之而来：印度真的有能力承接这一战略转型吗？以当前工业能力论，其在稀土精炼领域几乎处 于初级阶段，大部分矿石仍需外送加工，基础设施、环保标准、人才储备都存在严重短板。即便重金投 入建设加工厂，起步即面临来自中国、日本乃至美欧的产业压制与专利壁垒。因此，印度的决策更像是 一种"战略预演"，用政策信号告诉全球：印度不再愿意充当资源的搬运工，它要变成真正的生产者和博 弈者。 而这场预演的代价，是日印多年合作的裂痕。对日本而言，这一举措无异于切断了一个重要的供应支 线。尽管日本近年也在努力与澳大利亚、越南、加拿大等国建立稀土合作机制，但短期内要替代印度的 资源量与政治稳定性，并不容易。尤其是在全球"关键矿产联盟"尚未完全落地之前，任何一条供应链的 断裂都会带来连锁冲击。而印度选择这个时间节点"暂停"，无疑是打中了日本最敏感的一根神经。 更值得注意的是，印度此举还可能为全球"关键矿产外交"注入更多不确定性。原本，美国正致力于构建 一个不依赖中国的稀土供应网络，借此削弱北京在技术供应链中的影响力。而印度本该是这一网络中的 关键节点之一，如今却主动扮演"资源保守主义者"，显然与华盛顿的战略意图不完全契合。美 ...

Core Viewpoint - The United States is reportedly pressuring Ukraine to sign a "China-exclusion clause," explicitly prohibiting Chinese companies from participating in the post-war development of Ukraine's rare earth resources [1][9]. Group 1: U.S. Strategy and Interests - The U.S. sees Ukraine as a strategic resource hub in the context of geopolitical competition, particularly concerning rare earth elements [9][12]. - The U.S. aims to prevent China from gaining access to Ukraine's rare earth resources, which are critical for high-end military and industrial applications [6][11]. - The U.S. has prioritized investment in Ukraine's reconstruction, ensuring that it retains exclusive rights to new investment projects [9][11]. Group 2: Rare Earth Elements Significance - Rare earth elements, often referred to as "industrial vitamins," are essential for various technologies, including smartphones, missiles, and satellites [4][6]. - Although Ukraine's rare earth reserves are not among the top three globally, they contain unique minerals like dysprosium and terbium, which are highly sought after [6][12]. - China currently dominates over 90% of the global rare earth refining and processing capacity, making it a critical player in the supply chain [4][11]. Group 3: Potential Outcomes and Dynamics - Ukraine's need for funding and technology post-war may lead it to reconsider its options, potentially opening doors for Chinese investment despite U.S. pressure [12][13]. - The international political landscape is fluid, and changes in U.S. administration could alter the current stance on Ukraine and China [12][13]. - Ultimately, the health of the global rare earth supply chain may depend on cooperation rather than confrontation, as market dynamics often override political mandates [13].

其次，稀土本质是商品，买卖自愿，贸易就是做生意，稀土行业要发展，企业要盈利，工人要拿工资， 形成良性发展循环，这一切的前提是把开采出来的稀土卖出去，否则堆在那里只能是土。稀土号称"工 业味精"，炒菜煲汤都要用，但没人拿味精当饭吃，稀土应用很广泛，但市场不大，中国掌握着全球中 重稀土冶炼90%以上份额，仅靠国内市场无法消化，海外市场的重要性不言而喻。 最后，也是一招暗棋，中国稀土的优势在于技术领先和产业链完整，前期集中力量加大投入抢到先发优 势，占据了全球大部分市场，有了我们的稀土供应，变相提高了其他国家的资本进入稀土产业的门槛， 投入和回报不成正比，市场小不说，还要面临和中国企业的竞争，没有动力和信心在稀土产业站住脚。 归根结底，稀土出口管制是手段，全流程监管战略矿产流向更重要，美国民企合规使用，中国有关部门 会依法依规审批，军工企业想都别想，这就是主动权。 中美顶峰通话后，两国关系似乎有所缓和，双边第二轮经贸会谈将在伦敦举行，原本对美紧绷的稀土管 制也放出了一个口子，恢复向美国三大汽车制造商供应稀土，以避免其陷入停产窘境。 才封了一个月的口子，为何又突然放开？首先，我们决不允许美国军工企业获得中国的战略矿产 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing struggle between the United States and China over rare earth elements, highlighting the U.S. efforts to develop its own rare earth capabilities while facing challenges in breaking China's dominance in this strategic resource. Group 1: U.S. Efforts and Challenges - The U.S. is attempting to control global rare earth sources while negotiating with China, but has not achieved its goals after ten years of research and development [1][3][20] - A U.S. rare earth manufacturer claims it can make progress in one year, which could alleviate concerns for the Trump administration [5][32] - The U.S. military and industrial sectors are heavily reliant on rare earth elements, and the lack of domestic production poses significant challenges [20][22] Group 2: China's Dominance - China holds the largest rare earth reserves at 44 million tons and has a production capacity of up to 270,000 tons per year, making it the world's leading supplier [16][18] - China's rare earth processing technology has reached a purity level of 99.9%, and it has developed environmentally friendly extraction methods [18][30] - The U.S. has struggled to establish a competitive rare earth supply chain, relying heavily on imports from China [20][28] Group 3: Future Prospects - The U.S. government is actively supporting domestic rare earth projects and seeking international partnerships to build a non-China dependent supply chain [25][27][33] - Analysts suggest that while breakthroughs in rare earth technology are possible, achieving the same level as China will take several years and significant investment [30][35] - The U.S. rare earth companies acknowledge the challenges ahead but are determined to gradually advance their capabilities in the sector [32][38]

有外媒称，为确保管制措施落到实处，中方在稀土出口方面"引入了追踪系统"，即要求生产商提供终端 客户等额外信息。另外，中国商务部12日指出，"中国作为负责任大国，充分考虑各国在民营领域的合 理需求与关切，依法依规对稀土相关物项出口许可申请进行审查"。换句话说，中方虽说已同意恢复对 美稀土供应，但需要对买方的申请进行审批并发放许可，以防止美方在囤积足够数量稀土后翻脸不认 人。 据《南方都市报》报道，有外媒称，美国总统日前发文称，中美已达成协议，美国将对华征收55%的关 税，中国将对美征收10%的关税，并且中国将和之前一样向美国出口磁体和稀土材料。对此，商务部发 言人作出回应称，"中美经贸磋商机制首次会议，就解决双方彼此经贸关切取得新进展"。 与上次在日内瓦会谈结束后发表联合公报不同，这次中美贸易代表团在伦敦的谈判，没有发表联合公 报，这就意味着双方在这次谈判中，只是谈了一个框架，并没有达成协议，所有问题留待后续谈判再解 决。而美国总统在这时候发出上述消息，无非是向美国选民吹嘘他的"胜利"。毕竟，从他表达的内容来 看，中国的确是"吃亏了"，但事实真的是这样吗？ 事实证明，美国总统就是在吹牛，因为白宫随后做出解释称， ...

Core Insights - The conference titled "New Integration - Warm City and Baogang" was held in Ordos, focusing on collaborative development of the industrial chain between Ordos and Baogang Group [1] - Over 400 guests from various sectors such as energy, coal, chemicals, infrastructure, equipment manufacturing, industrial parks, and research institutions participated in discussions aimed at providing integrated solutions for downstream customer needs [1] - The collaboration model between Baogang Group and Ordos City is a practical action to implement the high-quality development strategy of the autonomous region's economy, promoting the extension and strengthening of advantageous and characteristic industries [1] Group 1 - The event aimed to explore new paths for industrial chain collaboration and regional economic cooperation [1] - The goal of providing integrated solutions for downstream customer needs reflects the proactive exploration of collaborative development between enterprises and local governments [1] - This initiative is part of the autonomous region's efforts to support various types of enterprises in achieving shared benefits from reform and development [1]

我们拿下中国的稀土了，并且我们和中国达成了协议！ 这是特朗普在中美伦敦协商完之后，在自己的社交平台上发布的消息，并且特朗普还表示将对中国征收55%的关税！ 这是什么情况？我们这是打算要重新恢复对美稀土供应吗？其实我们对美国只有一个要求！ 中美达成协议 就在中美伦敦协商结束之后，特朗普就非常高调的宣布这一次谈判不仅拿到了中国的稀土，还将对中国征收55%的关税。 看起来美国现在非常威风，在这场谈判当中完胜了中国，但是实际上真的是这样吗？实际上就在特朗普激情开麦之后没多久，美国商务部长就站出来辟 谣了，称美国只是对中国维持30%的全面关税，所谓多出来的25%，是特定商品加征25%的关税。 特朗普的这个动作大家觉得熟悉吗？特朗普非常喜欢在社交媒体上宣布一些模糊不清的事情，给人一种美国看起来赢了的感觉，可是实际上怎么样呢？ 根据媒体的报道，此次会谈，双方已经达成了框架协议，美国考虑取消部分对华出口管制和技术限制措施，尤其是在芯片以及喷气式发动机零件等等领 域的限制。 而我们也会适当放宽对稀土出口管制的限制，可以说在此次的会谈中，中美双方都拿到了自己想要的东西。 要知道中美之间的问题是很多的，分歧也是巨大的，所以中美两国 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent trade negotiations between China and the U.S. have led to concerns regarding China's decision to open up rare earth exports, which may have implications for national security and trade dynamics [1] Group 1: Export Policy and Regulations - China is committed to a responsible export policy for rare earths, focusing on civilian needs while ensuring compliance with regulations [3] - The export of rare earths is subject to three main controls: civilian use, related items, and quantity limitations [5][7] Group 2: Specific Controls - The first control emphasizes civilian use, excluding military applications from export without permission, with recent approvals for civilian rare earth magnets for U.S. automakers [5] - The second control pertains to related items, ensuring that dual-use rare earths are carefully monitored to prevent military misuse [7] - The third control involves strict quantity management, linking exports to actual production needs and allowing for immediate cessation of exports if agreements are violated [7]

文/王新喜 与此同时，来自日本媒体的消息显示，七国集团在加拿大峰会结束后，可能将破天荒地没有发表联合声明，这一情况与过去每次峰会结束后，七国集团都会 发表声明、对中国进行强烈批评的惯例大相径庭。实际上，这是自2014年以来，七国集团首次在没有共识文件的情况下闭幕。 "真没想到，稀土的威力竟然如此巨大。就算是一点小小的制约，连强硬的国家也都纷纷屈服了。"复旦大学的沈逸教授如此感慨道。 这种控制稀土供应的能力，保证了中国在保持军事领先的同时，也确保了对和平的维护力量。事实上，早在印巴冲突中，中国的歼-10战机就已经展示了压 倒性的优势，轻松战胜了西方最强的四代半战机，显示出中国在军事技术上的巨大进步和领先地位。 世界各国现在已经完全认识到稀土的巨大影响力，纷纷意识到，不能再继续充当美国的附庸，站在对抗中国的一方。当前，许多国家的稀土储备已经接近临 界点，一旦没有中国的供应，情况将变得非常棘手。尤其是在欧洲，一些汽车制造商已经开始停产，裁员潮随之而来。德国的几家车企，虽然愿意接受中国 的监督和审查，提供所有稀土数据，仍然成功申请到了稀土出口许可证。这就变成了一个"两难选择"——要么倒闭，要么低头接受中国的监管。 铃 ...