中国银河证券宏观经济研究 文/中国银河证券首席宏观分析师 张迪 、 中国银河证券宏观经济分析师助理 铁 伟奥 国 家 统 计 局 最 新 数 据 显 示 ， 2 0 2 5 年 4 月 份 ， 我 国 制 造 业 采 购 经 理 指 数 （PMI）为4 9 . 0%（前值50 . 5%），美国滥施关税影响初现。不过4月政 治局会议已经给出三大重要信号：一是保持国内储备政策的弹性；二是强 化底线思维，着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期；三是加紧加快既定 政策的落实落地，加大加力重点领域的政策实施力度。 以下文章来源于中国银河宏观 ，作者中国银河宏观 中国银河宏观 . 国家统计局4月30日发布数据显示，2025年4月份，制造业采购经理指数（PMI）为49.0%（前值50.5%）。建筑业商务活动指数为51.9%，比上月下降1.5个百 分点；服务业商务活动指数为50.1%，比上月下降0.2个百分点。关税的影响已全面传导至制造业企业。 供需同时收缩，出口影响较为严峻。 4月生产指数49.8%（前值52.6%）。新订单指数49.2%，新出口订单44.7%，分别下降2.6和4.3pct。4月需求下降较大， 尤其是新出口订单 ...

以下文章来源于申万宏源宏观 ，作者赵伟 屠强 耿佩璇 申万宏源宏观 . 申万宏源证券研究所 | 宏观研究部 作 者： 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 屠 强 资深高级宏观分析师 联系人： 屠强、耿佩璇 摘要 事件： 4月30日，国家统计局公布4月PMI指数，制造业PMI为49%、前值50.5%；非制造业PMI为50.4%、 前值50.8%。 核心观点：4月新出口订单已明显下滑，但内需如基建与消费品行业PMI仍维持韧性。 4月PMI整体与分项读数均有走弱，但相对来看新订单指数更弱，生产仍维持较高水平。 4月制造业PMI 边际下行1.5pct至49%；剔除供应商配货指数的PMI也回落1.5pct。结构上生产、新订单指数均有回落，边 际分别下行2.8、2.6pct。由于PMI为环比指标，反映本月制造业景气度较上月的边际变化；产需对比看， 新订单指数下行至49.2%，而生产指数仍在荣枯线附近（49.8%），反映本月需求偏弱，生产景气水平相 对较高。 需求内部呈现分化特征，其中新出口订单指数降幅较大，但内需订单更具韧性。 生产景气相对较高的情 况下，4月外贸货运量同比上行0.7pct至1.3%，主因前期订单在"抢出口 ...

Economic Indicators - The manufacturing PMI for April 2025 recorded at 49%, down 1.5 percentage points month-on-month, indicating a contraction in economic activity[1] - The production index and new orders index were at 49.8% and 49.2%, respectively, both declining by 2.8 and 2.6 percentage points from the previous month[1] - The new export orders index fell to 44.7%, a decrease of 4.3 percentage points, reflecting a significant impact from external demand constraints[9] Sector Performance - High-tech manufacturing PMI stood at 51.5%, significantly above the overall manufacturing level, with both production and new orders indices above 52.0%[1] - Equipment manufacturing, consumer goods, and high-energy industries recorded PMIs of 49.6%, 49.4%, and 47.7%, respectively, all showing declines from the previous month[1] - The production index for the equipment manufacturing sector remained stable at the critical point of 50%[3] Demand and Supply Dynamics - The overall production activity in manufacturing showed a slight decline, with the purchasing volume index at 46.3%, down 5.5 percentage points from last month[3] - Domestic demand has been supported by policies promoting consumption, with significant increases in the replacement of old consumer goods, leading to a sales boost of over 720 billion yuan[10] - The overall price levels for raw materials and finished products have decreased, with the purchasing price index at 47.0% and the factory price index at 44.8%, both down from the previous month[16] Future Outlook - The comprehensive PMI output index for April was at 50.2%, indicating continued expansion despite a 1.2 percentage point decline from the previous month[22] - The non-manufacturing business activity index was at 50.4%, down 0.4 percentage points, but still indicating expansion in the sector[20] - Risks include fluctuations in international commodity prices and geopolitical tensions that could further impact economic stability[23]

4月30日，国家统计局发布的数据显示，4月份制造业采购经理指数（PMI）为49.0%，比上月下降1.5个 百分点；非制造业商务活动指数和综合PMI产出指数分别为50.4%和50.2%，继续保持在扩张区间。 另外，受市场需求不足和近期部分大宗商品价格持续下行等因素影响，主要原材料购进价格指数和出厂 价格指数分别为47.0%和44.8%，均比上月下降，制造业市场价格总体水平有所下降。文韬表示，4月份 供需整体的偏弱运行带动了原材料和产成品价格加快下行。 不可否认，外贸环境变化给我国制造业带来一定扰动，市场需求和企业生产短期有所放缓，原材料采 购、市场价格等方面也有所波动，但也要看到我国经济底座依然稳固，超大规模市场、完备产业链供应 链体系等优势持续发挥作用，前期出台以及增量可期的一系列有力有效的宏观经济政策能够护航经济行 稳致远。赵庆河也谈到，虽然4月份制造业PMI有所回落，但高技术制造业等相关行业继续保持扩张， 以内销为主的制造业企业生产经营总体稳定。 从重点行业看，高技术制造业持续向好。高技术制造业PMI为51.5%，明显高于制造业总体水平，其生 产指数和新订单指数均位于52.0%及以上。生产经营活动预期指数 ...

Group 1: Manufacturing PMI Insights - China's April manufacturing PMI dropped to 49.0%, down 1.5 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a return to contraction territory[4] - The production index fell to 49.8%, a decrease of 2.8 percentage points, while the new orders index declined to 49.2%, down 2.6 percentage points[10] - New export orders plummeted to 44.7%, a significant drop of 4.3 percentage points, reflecting weakened external demand[10] Group 2: Economic Factors and Trends - Seasonal factors and external environment changes contributed to the decline in manufacturing PMI, with April historically showing negative month-on-month growth since 2016[6] - Price indices for major raw materials and factory output remained below the critical level, with the former at 47.0% and the latter at 44.8%, indicating ongoing supply-demand imbalances[15] - High-tech manufacturing PMI stood at 51.5%, showing resilience compared to other sectors, which experienced declines[17] Group 3: Non-Manufacturing Sector Performance - The non-manufacturing PMI for April was 50.4%, down 0.4 percentage points but still indicating expansion[18] - The service sector's business activity index was 50.1%, supported by increased consumer spending during the Qingming Festival[22] - The construction sector's business activity index remained robust at 51.9%, driven by infrastructure projects and government initiatives[26]

Core Viewpoint - Despite a decline in the manufacturing PMI to 49% in April, the overall economic output in China continues to expand, indicating a long-term positive trend in the economy [1][5]. Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI decreased by 1.5 percentage points from the previous month, falling below the critical point due to high growth in previous months and changes in the external environment [1]. - The new export orders index dropped to 44.7%, a decrease of 4.3 percentage points, indicating a tightening of foreign demand [1]. - The manufacturing production index was recorded at 49.8%, down by 2.8 percentage points, reflecting a slight decline in overall production [2]. High-Tech Manufacturing - The high-tech manufacturing PMI stood at 51.5%, significantly above the overall manufacturing level, with both production and new orders indices above 52% [3]. - Industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and beverages also showed strong performance, with production and new orders indices above 53% [3]. Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index was at 50.4%, slightly down by 0.4 percentage points, but still indicating stable expansion [3]. - The aviation transport and entertainment sectors saw significant increases in their business activity indices, both exceeding 55% [4]. Economic Outlook - The comprehensive PMI output index for April was 50.2%, indicating continued economic expansion despite a 1.2 percentage point decline from the previous month [4]. - The government emphasizes the need to stabilize employment, businesses, and market expectations to ensure high-quality development in response to external uncertainties [5].

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 报告摘要 PMI 数据：制造业 PMI 回落至荣枯线以下 4 月制造业 PMI 为 49.0% ，前值为 50.5% 。具体分项来看： 1 ） PMI 生产指数为 49.8% ，前值为 52.6% ，回落 2.8 个百分点。 2 ） PMI 新订单指数为 49.2% ，前值为 51.8% 。 PMI 新出口订单指数为 44.7% ，前值为 49.0% 。 3 ） PMI 从业人员指数为 47.9% ，前值为 48.2% 。 4 ）供货商配送时间指数 为 50.2% ，前值为 50.3% 。 5 ） PMI 原材料库存指数为 47.0% ，前值为 47.2% 。 其他行业： 1 ）建筑业：建筑业商务活动指数为 51.9% ，比上月下降 1.5 个百分点。 2 ）服务业：服务业 商务活动指数为 50.1% ，比上月下降 0.2 个百分点。 3 ）综合产出： 4 月，综合 PMI 产出指数为 50.2% ，比上月下降 1.2 个百分点，仍高于临界点。 PMI 点评：三类行业继续 ...

Group 1 - In April, China's manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) fell to 49%, a decrease of 1.5 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a contraction in the manufacturing sector [1] - The decline in the manufacturing PMI is attributed to external factors, particularly the impact of U.S. tariffs, as well as a correction following a significant rebound in March [1][2] - The new export orders index dropped by 4.3 percentage points in April, reflecting a tightening in short-term export demand and overall market demand [1] Group 2 - Despite the challenges in foreign trade, China's economic foundation remains solid, supported by its large market size and complete industrial supply chain, which can effectively withstand external shocks [1] - In the context of weak overall market demand, new momentum in the manufacturing sector continues to show stable growth, with high-tech manufacturing new orders index above 53% and equipment manufacturing new orders index above 51% [2] - The production index for high-tech manufacturing remains at a favorable level of 52%, while the production index for consumer goods manufacturing stays above 50%, indicating ongoing stability in these sectors [2] Group 3 - The manufacturing activity expectation index for April remains optimistic at over 52%, suggesting that enterprises maintain a positive outlook for future production and operations [2] - The recent meeting of the Central Political Bureau emphasized the need for proactive macroeconomic policies and measures to support struggling enterprises, aiming to stabilize economic growth [2][3] - Globally, major economies are experiencing a contraction in manufacturing due to increased uncertainty in trade environments, highlighting the need for high-quality development to address external challenges [3]

Economic Indicators - In April, the manufacturing PMI dropped significantly by 1.5 percentage points to 49.0%, marking the lowest level since June 2023[3] - The new orders index fell sharply by 2.6 percentage points to 49.2%, while new export orders decreased by 4.3 percentage points to 44.7%, the lowest since 2023[3] - The production index declined by 2.8 percentage points to 49.8%, reaching a 23-month low[3] Sector Performance - The inventory index for finished goods decreased by 0.7 percentage points to 47.3%, remaining near a low of 47.7% for four consecutive months[4] - The construction PMI fell by 1.5 percentage points to 51.9%, but the civil engineering index rose by 6.4 percentage points to 60.9%, indicating increased infrastructure investment[4] - The service sector PMI slightly decreased by 0.2 to 50.1, maintaining stability in service consumption[4] Future Outlook - The report suggests a potential slight rebound in manufacturing PMI in May and June due to expectations of a second round of export grabbing and marginal improvements in real estate supply-side confidence[5] - If export pressures increase later in the year, the central government may expand fiscal measures to stimulate consumption and investment[5] - The monetary policy forecast remains unchanged, with a potential interest rate cut of 20 basis points in Q2 and a total reserve requirement ratio reduction of 100-150 basis points for the year[5]

Group 1: PMI Overview - In April, the manufacturing PMI decreased by 1.5 percentage points to 49%, down from 50.5% in March[7] - The non-manufacturing PMI fell by 0.4 percentage points to 50.4%, compared to 50.8% in the previous month[7] - The new export orders index dropped significantly by 4.3 percentage points to 44.7%, indicating potential pressure on future exports[2] Group 2: Demand and Production Insights - The new orders index declined to 49.2%, while the production index remained near the threshold at 49.8%, suggesting weak demand but relatively high production levels[2] - Internal demand showed resilience, with the domestic orders index only down 2.3 percentage points to 49.9%[2] - Despite a decline in new export orders, foreign trade cargo volume increased by 0.7 percentage points year-on-year to 1.3%, attributed to prior "export rush" orders[2] Group 3: Sector Performance - Key sectors like high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing saw significant PMI declines of 0.8 and 2.4 percentage points, respectively, while the consumer goods sector's PMI fell only 0.6 percentage points to 49.4%[3] - The construction PMI decreased by 1.5 percentage points to 51.9%, primarily due to a slowdown in real estate, although infrastructure construction accelerated[3] - The service sector PMI experienced a minor decline of 0.2 percentage points to 50.1%, supported by strong performance in productive service industries[4] Group 4: Future Outlook - The report highlights increased uncertainty in external demand due to tariff hikes, while emphasizing the need to monitor changes in domestic demand[4] - The central political bureau meeting in April stressed the importance of stabilizing employment, businesses, and market expectations, indicating potential support for domestic demand in manufacturing[4]