基本功的基,就是基金的基。 做好投资、买对基金, 从夯实投资基金的基本功开始。 1分钟GET一个知识点, 起步更轻松。 扫码进入基本功专栏 本材料不构成投资建议，观点具有时效性。本公司承诺以诚实信用、勤勉尽责的原则管理和运用基金资产，但不 保证基金一定盈利，也不保证最低收益。投资有风险，基金过往业绩不代表其未来表现。基金管理人管理的基金 的业绩不构成对其他基金业绩表现的保证。投资者投资基金时应认真阅读基金的基金合同、招募说明书、基金产 品资料概要等法律文件。基金管理人提醒投资者基金投资的"买者自负"原则，请投资者根据自身的风险承受能力 选择适合自己的基金产品。基金有风险，投资须谨慎。 中泰证券资产管理 场内基金和场外基金 有什么区别? 场内、场外是基金的一种 分类方式,本质区别是交 易场所不同。 场内基金,可在 证券交易市场里交易,即常说的二级 市场。场外基金,是在基金公司、代销渠道等交易。 ...

文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 大部分投资者对股票指数基金都耳熟能详，但是对债券指数基金知之甚少。债券指数基金该如何投资？ 这里有一门限时免费的福利课程，介绍了债券指数基金的投资方法。 想要获取这个课程，可以添加下方「课程小助手」，回复「 债券 」领取哦～ 更有课程笔记、思维导图，帮您快速搞懂课程脉络，学习更高效。 ◆◆◆ 还有一种情况，最近场内一些美股ETF， 因为被炒作，溢价率一度达到50%。 买基金，会不会遇到卖不出去的情 况呢? 基金分为场外基金和场内基金。 场内基金是在证券账户里买卖交易。例如 ETF 就是场内基金。可以跟买卖股票一样 交易。 ETF有几种情况会导致无法卖出: (1) 遇到大涨大跌， ETF交易价格涨停 或者跌停。 ETF通常为指数基金。 大多数指数,很少达到像个股那样涨停跌 停的波动幅度。 只有在极端行情下可能遇到。 (2) 极端高溢价风险。 投资者如果这时候溢价买入，就会多付出 了50%的成本。 持续高溢价的 ETF,也会被暂停交易,导 致一段时间里可能无法卖出。 场外基金,是按照基金净值申购赎回。只 要场外基金是开放式基金,那投资者提交 赎回申请，就会按照基金净值成交。 ...

Group 1 - The market experienced a loss today, with on-market ETF accounts losing 11,000 and off-market fund accounts losing 7,000, totaling a loss of 18,000 [1] - Compared to a profit of 130,000 yesterday, this pullback is considered minor [2] - Retail investors have not entered the market on a large scale, as there has been no significant growth in the shares of both active funds and A-share ETFs this year [2][4] Group 2 - The recent growth in ETF scale is primarily due to net value growth rather than retail subscriptions, indicating that retail investors may be entering through insurance wealth management instead [4] - As of the end of 2024, the scale of China's insurance asset management industry reached 33.26 trillion, leading the asset management sector [4] - In the first half of 2025, there is a structural adjustment in insurance asset management, with a contraction in debt investment scale and significant growth in asset securitization (ABS) and equity investments, increasing by 46.15% and 188% year-on-year, respectively [4] Group 3 - The current market conditions suggest that there is no need to wait for a large-scale entry of retail investors before reducing positions [5] - There is a conflict regarding whether to reduce or increase positions, with memories of the 2014-2015 bull market causing hesitation to take profits too early, while the 2022-2023 bear market raises concerns about losing unrealized gains [6][7] Group 4 - Recent trading strategies include reducing positions in Hong Kong innovative drugs while increasing positions in the chemical index, resulting in a nearly 10% profit from the chemical sector within a month [9] - The current valuation levels of major indices are high, with the CSI 300 at 14.11, the CSI 500 at 33.09, and the CSI 1000 at 46.39, all reflecting high historical percentiles [11][13][15] Group 5 - The A-share market has shown significant gains this week, with valuation levels rising sharply, particularly in the Sci-Tech 50 and CSI 2000, both reaching 100% historical valuation percentiles [25] - The difference in valuation perception between the ChiNext Index and the ChiNext Composite Index is clarified, as the former includes only leading stocks while the latter encompasses all listed companies, leading to a higher average valuation [26] Group 6 - The current temperature of the A-share market is 67.61, surpassing the previous high of 63 in 2021 and the peak of 93 in 2015, while the Hong Kong market temperature stands at 48.37 [40]

Core Viewpoint - Understanding the classification of funds and the differences between various types of funds is crucial for investors in the financial investment field [1] Group 1: Fund Classification by Investment Object - Funds are primarily categorized into equity funds, bond funds, money market funds, and mixed funds. Equity funds invest mainly in the stock market, carrying higher risk and potential returns due to market volatility [2] - Bond funds invest in the bond market, including government bonds, financial bonds, and corporate bonds, offering relatively stable returns and lower risk, making them a more conservative investment choice [2] - Money market funds focus on low-risk money market instruments, characterized by high safety, liquidity, and stable returns, often viewed as cash equivalents [2] - Mixed funds invest in a combination of stocks, bonds, and other assets, allowing flexible asset allocation, which results in varying risk-return profiles [2] Group 2: Fund Operation Methods - Funds can be classified into open-end funds and closed-end funds based on their operation methods. Open-end funds allow investors to buy and redeem shares at any time, with the fund size fluctuating based on investor demand [3] - Closed-end funds have a fixed number of shares at inception, and investors cannot buy or redeem shares during the closed period; shares can only be traded on the stock market, potentially leading to price premiums or discounts [3] Group 3: Fund Trading Channels - Funds are also categorized into on-exchange funds and off-exchange funds. On-exchange funds are traded on stock exchanges, requiring a securities account for transactions, similar to stocks [3] - Off-exchange funds are not traded on stock exchanges and are purchased or redeemed through banks, fund company websites, or third-party platforms, with prices based on the fund's net asset value at the end of the trading day [3] Group 4: Fund Fees - Different types of funds have varying management fees, custody fees, and transaction fees. Actively managed funds typically have higher management fees due to the complexity of investment decisions [4] - Passive index funds usually have lower management fees as they primarily track indices without extensive active management [4] - Transaction fees include subscription fees and redemption fees, with some funds offering tiered redemption fee rates to encourage long-term holding [4]

Group 1 - The article highlights that most investors are familiar with stock index funds but have limited knowledge about bond index funds and their investment strategies [2] - A free course is offered to educate investors on how to invest in bond index funds, along with supplementary materials like course notes and mind maps for efficient learning [2] Group 2 - The article explains that mutual funds, including index funds, can receive dividends from the stocks they hold, which are then included in the fund's net asset value [6] - It differentiates between cash dividend models for exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and the option for cash or reinvested dividends for off-exchange funds [6][7] - The stability of dividends is emphasized, as they are primarily based on the operating performance of the underlying companies, rather than market conditions [6]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the differences and advantages of Index ETFs and Index Enhanced products, likening them to "autonomous driving cars" and "experienced drivers" respectively, emphasizing their distinct investment strategies and suitability for different types of investors [1][2]. Group 1: Index ETFs - Index ETFs aim to replicate the performance of a specific index by tracking its constituent stocks and weights, similar to an autonomous vehicle following a set route [3]. - Key advantages of Index ETFs include low fees, transparent holdings, and flexible trading, making them suitable for investors seeking a hassle-free investment approach [3]. Group 2: Index Enhanced Products - Index Enhanced products build on the foundation of tracking an index by identifying stocks with relative advantages, aiming to generate excess returns (Alpha) on top of the market returns (Beta) [4]. - The essence of Index Enhanced products is compared to an experienced driver who optimizes the route based on real-time conditions, allowing for potential outperformance [4]. Group 3: On-Site vs. Off-Site Funds - On-site funds are traded on stock exchanges and require a securities account, offering real-time trading similar to stocks, while off-site funds are purchased through third-party platforms without the need for a securities account [5][6]. - The cost structure differs, with on-site funds typically having lower transaction costs (usually ≤0.3%) compared to off-site funds, which have higher overall fees [6]. - On-site funds are suitable for short-term operations or arbitrage, while off-site funds cater to long-term holding or systematic investment plans [6]. Group 4: Public vs. Private Index Enhanced Funds - Public index enhanced funds have high transparency with full disclosure of holdings and net asset values, while private funds have lower transparency with limited disclosure [8]. - The flexibility in strategy is greater for private funds, allowing for high-frequency trading, short selling, and leverage, whereas public funds are more restricted [8]. - The sources of excess returns differ, with public funds relying on fundamental stock selection and private funds utilizing multiple strategies including quantitative models and arbitrage [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the differences and advantages of Index ETFs and Index Enhanced products, likening them to "autonomous driving cars" and "experienced drivers" respectively, emphasizing their distinct investment strategies and suitability for different types of investors [1][2]. Group 1: Index ETFs - Index ETFs aim to replicate the performance of a specific index by tracking its constituent stocks and weights, offering low fees, transparency, and flexible trading, making them suitable for investors seeking a "hands-off" approach [3][4]. - They operate like an "automatic driving system," focusing on precise index replication without active management [2][4]. Group 2: Index Enhanced Products - Index Enhanced products seek to outperform the market index by identifying stocks with relative advantages, aiming to add excess returns (Alpha) on top of the market returns (Beta) [4]. - They are compared to experienced drivers who can navigate real-time conditions to optimize performance, thus providing a more active investment strategy [4]. Group 3: On-market vs. Off-market Funds - On-market funds are traded on stock exchanges, requiring a securities account, and allow real-time trading with lower transaction costs, while off-market funds are purchased through third-party platforms without a securities account, typically involving higher fees and lower liquidity [5][6]. - On-market funds are suitable for short-term operations or arbitrage, while off-market funds cater to long-term holding or systematic investment strategies [6]. Group 4: Public vs. Private Index Enhanced Funds - Public index enhanced funds have higher transparency with full disclosure of holdings and net asset values, while private funds have lower transparency and more flexible trading strategies, including high-frequency trading and leverage [8]. - The sources of excess returns differ, with public funds relying on fundamental stock selection and private funds utilizing multiple strategies, including quantitative models and arbitrage [8].

Group 1: Company Overview - Zhifei Biological, established in 2002, focuses on the research, production, and sales of vaccines, becoming a leader in China's biopharmaceutical industry with a commitment to social benefits first and corporate benefits second [3] - The company has five wholly-owned subsidiaries, many of which are high-tech enterprises, and continues to innovate in bacterial and viral vaccines [3] - In 2024, Zhifei Biological achieved a revenue of 26.07 billion and a net profit of 2.018 billion, despite facing market demand challenges [3] Group 2: Research and Development - Zhifei Biological invested 1.391 billion in R&D in 2024, increasing its R&D personnel to 1,072, with cumulative R&D investment exceeding 5.1 billion over the past five years [3] - The company employs a matrix layout and platform technology breakthroughs to drive product innovation and meet public health needs [3] Group 3: ETF Market Development - The Shenzhen Stock Exchange has been promoting the ETF market, which has seen an average annual growth of over 50% since 2019, with the market size surpassing one trillion in 2024 [4] - ETFs are becoming increasingly popular due to their high efficiency and low cost compared to traditional mutual funds, with real-time trading and lower transaction fees [4] Group 4: Investment Strategies - Common ETF investment strategies in the domestic market include asset allocation, trading, and arbitrage strategies, catering to both long-term and short-term investors [5] - Innovative strategies such as dividend ETF financing and ETF grid strategies were discussed, providing practical investment advice to investors [6]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles is that recent interest rate cuts by banks have led securities firms to lower their client margin interest rates, with major firms like GF Securities and Minsheng Securities adjusting their rates to 0.05% [1][3] - The reduction in margin interest rates is a response to the overall decline in deposit rates, which have dropped significantly, with major banks lowering their rates to 0.05% for demand deposits and 0.95%-0.98% for one-year fixed deposits [3][4] - The impact of the margin interest rate cut on investors is considered minimal, as the decrease in deposit rates is relatively small and many clients may already be using margin financial products to earn higher returns [2][4] Group 2 - The margin interest rate cut is expected to have a more pronounced effect on securities firms, as the total amount of client margin funds is substantial, potentially leading to increased interest income for these firms [2][3] - For example, Guoyuan Securities reported a client margin interest income of 283 million yuan in 2023, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 0.46% and accounting for 4.45% of its total revenue [2] - As of June 30, 2024, the total balance of client trading settlement funds across 147 securities firms was reported to be 1.83 trillion yuan [2] Group 3 - Investors with idle funds in their securities accounts are encouraged to seek higher returns through margin financial products or government bond reverse repos, as the interest from idle funds at the current low rates is insufficient [4][6] - Government bond reverse repos are highlighted as a common method for managing idle funds, offering a low-risk investment option with various maturity periods available [6] - Additionally, investors can utilize their idle funds to purchase both onshore and offshore funds, with different fee structures and trading mechanisms for each type [7]

Core Insights - A total of 36 public funds were launched on the same day, with equity funds accounting for over 60% of the total [1] Equity Funds - Among the newly launched funds, 24 are equity funds, representing a significant portion of the offerings [1] - Most of the equity funds are passive investment index products, indicating a trend towards index-based investing [1] - Specifically, there are 20 index funds within the equity category, highlighting the popularity of this investment strategy [1] ETF Launches - Six new ETFs were introduced, focusing on various industry themes such as the automotive industry under the Hong Kong Stock Connect, aerospace, and digital economy [1] - The ETFs also include exposure to indices like the CSI All Share Free Cash Flow and the Shanghai Stock Exchange Science and Technology Innovation Board Growth [1] Other Fund Types - In addition to ETFs, there are also off-market funds linked to indices such as the CSI A50, CSI A500, Shenzhen 100, and others, indicating a diverse range of investment options available to investors [1]