证券研究报告 | 行业点评 gszqdatemark 2026 02 23 年 月 日 中小盘 太空算力升维之战—从地面"内卷"到太空"新战场" 一、太空圈地：中国占位算力升维新赛道 当全球 AI 竞赛将地面算力与能源消耗推向极限，一片拥有无限太阳能 与天然超低温散热环境的"算力净土"—近地轨道，正成为科技巨头与 国家力量竞相角逐的新疆域。这不仅是算力基础设施的物理位置迁移， 更是对数字时代底层架构的一次升维重构。中国凭借在星座规模化组 网、星间激光通信与商业化闭环上的先发优势，已在这场关乎未来数 字主权的"太空圈地运动"中占据身位，相关产业链正迎来从技术验证 到规模商用的历史性机遇。 二、升维动力：为何非要"送算力上天"？ 将沉重的服务器搬到数百公里高的太空，并非炫技，而是破解地面算 力发展三大核心瓶颈的必然选择。 （一）能源成本"归零"想象：地面数据中心是"电老虎"，其中近 40% 的电力消耗于散热系统。太空提供了近乎无限的太阳能（24 小时无遮 挡）和接近绝对零度的真空环境，相当于把电费和空调费两大成本"外 包"给了宇宙，这有望省去地面 70%以上的相关成本。 （二）传输效率的"时空革命"：传统卫星如同 ...

"太空光伏"概念股再次爆发。 截至2月4日收盘，光伏ETF（515790）报收1.157，涨幅3.12%，这已是该ETF连续两个交易日大涨，2月3日光伏ETF涨幅超6%。个股方面，截至4日收盘，晶 科能源（688223.SH）、协鑫集成（002506.SZ）等多只光伏个股涨停。 消息面上，有市场传闻称，马斯克团队近期走访了中国多家光伏企业，考察项目涉及设备、硅片、电池组件等环节，其中重点考察了有异质结、钙钛矿技术 路线的光伏企业。晶科能源相关工作人员回应称，公司近期确实与马斯克团队相关考察团有过接触，考察团对公司的技术储备、生产设备等展开了解，马斯 克团队对国内主流光伏企业也均有考察。对于考察细节、具体合作进展等，南都湾财社记者联系晶科能源并发函，对方仅表示："不方便回应"。 马斯克为何力挺太空光伏？据南都湾财社记者了解，在太空极端环境下，可选择的持续能源极为有限：化学电池的能量密度有限，无法实现自主补充；核电 系统成本高昂、审批复杂，并且技术仍处于试验阶段。 | 沪深京市场 | | 香港市场 | 美国市场 | 英国市场 | 全球指数 | | 股转系统 | 期权市场 | | --- | --- | --- | ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call on Gallium Arsenide Solar Cells Industry Overview - Gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells play a crucial role in the commercial aerospace sector, particularly in high-reliability space environments, outperforming silicon-based and perovskite cells, thus becoming the mainstream choice [1][4] - Major companies in this field include Gan Zhao Company, which previously held an 80% market share in the commercial aerospace sector [2] Core Insights and Arguments - The actual conversion efficiency of GaAs rigid and flexible solar cells can reach over 43.5%, significantly higher than the approximately 38% efficiency for ground applications [1][5] - Future development directions include simulating full-spectrum light and developing corresponding epitaxial structures to enhance absorption range and conversion efficiency, with theoretical efficiency limits potentially reaching 60%-70% [1][9] - Multi-junction GaAs solar cells can achieve around 43% light absorption conversion rate by targeting more wavelengths, with ongoing efforts to expand absorption into blue and infrared regions [1][8] Cost Structure and Reduction Strategies - The cost structure of GaAs solar cells consists mainly of substrates, epitaxial layers, and devices, with substrate costs decreasing due to domestic production of MO sources [2] - Key cost reduction strategies include increasing the domestic production ratio of equipment and materials, enhancing overall technology levels, and improving automation, which could lower graphite component costs by 50%, labor costs by 30%, and material costs by 30% [1][14] - Current chip prices range from 2,000 to 3,000 yuan, with potential reductions to around 1,500 yuan as commercial aerospace develops, indicating a 30%-50% decrease [3][17] Technological Developments and Challenges - The current mature product in the industry is the triple-junction GaAs solar cell, with future iterations focusing on expanding the design to cover more wavelengths for improved performance [7] - The production process from substrate to chip involves complex steps, including the procurement of substrates and the growth of epitaxial structures [6] - Domestic suppliers like Beifang Huachuang and Jing Sheng Jidian are working on MOCVD equipment, but challenges remain in high-end applications requiring rare metals [12] Market Dynamics and Competitive Landscape - The market is characterized by significant competition, with domestic companies like Qian Zhao, Kai Xun, and Dehua leading in GaAs solar cell research and development [27] - The integration of downstream processes poses challenges due to the aging verification cycle of chips, which can take 2-3 years [19] Additional Important Insights - GaAs solar cells exhibit superior radiation resistance compared to silicon-based cells, making them suitable for high-altitude applications [25] - Flexible GaAs solar wings are seen as a necessary trend for future applications requiring high power output, with designs allowing for increased flexibility and power density [26] - The use of X-ray and Vico equipment in production varies significantly, impacting the choice of technology based on the specific requirements of solar cell production [24]

据报道，在国家自然科学基金等项目资助下，暨南大学教授麦耀华团队与上海交通大学教授韩礼元团队 合作，采用非晶钝化策略提升大面积柔性钙钛矿组件的效率与稳定性，研究团队实现柔性电池24.52% 转换效率，10000次弯折后仍保持92.5%初始效率。 据悉，太阳电池阵的技术路线包括砷化镓、P型HJT和P型HJT/钙钛矿叠层等，当前主流方案是砷化镓太 阳能电池。砷化镓太阳能电池具有耐高温、抗辐射、高转换效率、轻薄等性能优势，但高成本(占卫星 制造成本的15-20%)和刚性基板限制其大规模应用。钙钛矿电池比功率可达23W/s，约为砷化镓的6至57 倍，且省去高价值占比的TCO玻璃环节，小面积拼装路线可降低设备折旧，适配太空轻量化需求。 商业航天蓬勃发展背景下，太空光伏作为其电源系统升级的核心方向，在星座批量组网的牵引下，正迈 向技术路线升级与产业化交付的新阶段。瑞银集团近期预测，2026年全球太空光伏需求为0.3吉瓦，预 计2035年将飙升至115吉瓦，10年规模预计涨超300倍。 值得一提的是，多家上市公司已在钙钛矿赛道展开布局。天合光能近日在互动平台上透露，在太空光伏 相关的晶体硅电池(HJT等)、钙钛矿叠层电池、I ...

Group 1 - Jinan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University teams achieved a flexible perovskite solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 24.52% and maintained 92.5% of its initial efficiency after 10,000 bends [1] - The current mainstream solar cell technology is gallium arsenide, which has advantages such as high temperature resistance and high conversion efficiency, but its high cost (15-20% of satellite manufacturing costs) limits large-scale applications [1] - Perovskite solar cells have a power density of 23W/s, significantly higher than gallium arsenide, and can reduce equipment depreciation by eliminating high-value TCO glass [1] Group 2 - The perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells are seen as a promising niche market for space applications, driven by clear national policies and diversified enterprises, with expectations for commercial breakthroughs between 2028 and 2030 [2] - SpaceX plans to launch up to 1 million satellites to create an "orbital data center," which could revolutionize energy efficiency by utilizing solar energy in space [2] - The International Telecommunication Union predicts that by the end of 2025, over 100,000 low-Earth orbit satellites will be registered, indicating a strong demand for satellite launches [2] Group 3 - UBS predicts that global demand for space photovoltaics will rise from 0.3 GW in 2026 to 115 GW by 2035, representing a growth of over 300 times in ten years [3] - Several listed companies are actively investing in the perovskite sector, with Trina Solar revealing its long-term layout in crystalline silicon batteries and perovskite tandem batteries [3] - Companies like Dike Co. and Shanghai Port Bay are expanding into space photovoltaic applications, with Dike focusing on electronic paste and Shanghai Port Bay's subsidiary working on satellite energy systems [3] Group 4 - Guosheng Securities notes that Chinese photovoltaic companies with aerospace certification and delivery capabilities are transitioning from ground support to core space applications, indicating a potential growth area in space photovoltaics [4] - Guohai Securities highlights the increasing demand for space photovoltaics, driven by the rise in satellite launches and the shift from communication satellites to more power-intensive computing satellites [4] Group 5 - JunDa Co. is entering the low Earth orbit and space photovoltaic market by investing 30 million yuan for a 16.67% stake in Shanghai Xingyi Xinneng [6] - GCL-Poly achieved a breakthrough in GTC perovskite tandem battery technology with a conversion efficiency of 33.31% and is applying for patents to enhance battery performance [6] - Aerospace Holdings is involved in satellite manufacturing and space energy, possessing relevant technology reserves for satellite energy systems [6]

消息面上，1月22日，达沃斯世界经济论坛年会期间，特斯拉CEO埃隆·马斯克在与贝莱德CEO拉里·芬克的对谈中明确力挺太空 光伏，并披露关键产能规划。他表示，SpaceX与特斯拉正同步推进太阳能产能提升，目标在未来三年内实现每年100GW的太阳 能制造能力。 商业航天崛起打开太空光伏新空间 太空光伏走红的背后是我国商业航天产业的快速崛起。当前，我国商业航天已迈入规模化、商业化新阶段，产业红利逐步释 放，驱动太空光伏从技术探索逐步迈向产业探索阶段。 近年来，低轨卫星星座建设明显提速，通信、遥感、导航等下游应用需求持续释放，而商业火箭发射成本的下降与发射能力的 提升，也让航天器在轨运行时间更长、载荷更复杂成为常态。在此背景下，可靠的能源支撑系统成为保障航天器稳定运行的关 键，太空光伏凭借其独特优势成为业内关注的焦点。 《证券日报》援引商业航天业内人士观点称，太空极端环境对能源供应提出极为严苛的要求，太空任务的特殊性也决定了能源 系统须具备长期稳定性与可靠性。而光伏技术可将太阳能直接转化为电能，兼具持续性、稳定性和轻量化等优势，目前已成为 航天器最成熟、应用最广泛的能源形式，有效适配太空场景需求。 据中信证券预测，2 ...

Group 1 - The article highlights significant announcements in the stock market, including "suspensions and resumption of trading, shareholding changes, investment wins, acquisitions, performance reports, unlocks, and high transfers" to help investors identify investment hotspots and mitigate risks [1] - A company involved in commercial aerospace, photovoltaic technology, satellite internet, domestic chips, optical modules, and third-generation semiconductors has successfully applied gallium arsenide solar cell products in domestic large-scale commercial aerospace satellite constellations [1] - Another company is deeply engaged in the "Spark One" project, with total orders related to magnets and other components amounting to approximately 5 billion yuan [1] - A company has achieved a comprehensive layout of semiconductor storage device testing equipment, focusing on robotics, storage chips, computing power, and semiconductor equipment [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the growing interest and investment in space photovoltaic technology among various companies, despite some facing significant losses in the traditional photovoltaic sector [2][3] - Several companies in the photovoltaic industry are actively pursuing space photovoltaic opportunities through investments, acquisitions, and self-research, with some already having products in mass production [2] - The market has seen a surge in stock prices for companies involved in space photovoltaic, such as Optec, JinkoSolar, and others, indicating a renewed optimism in this segment [2] Group 2 - Mingyang Smart Energy is making a strategic move by acquiring control of Zhongshan Dehua Chip Technology Co., which specializes in high-end compound semiconductor technology, to extend its reach into the space photovoltaic sector [4] - Gallium arsenide solar cells are identified as a mature solution for space photovoltaic applications, with Qianzhao Optoelectronics being the leading supplier of gallium arsenide solar cell epitaxial wafers in China [4] - The P-type ultra-thin heterojunction (HJT) battery technology is viewed as a key cost-reduction strategy for satellite solar wings, with companies like Dongfang Risen capable of mass delivery of HJT products [5] Group 3 - Some companies have issued risk warnings regarding their involvement in space photovoltaic, indicating that their products or technologies are not yet applicable in this field [6] - JunDa Co. has highlighted several risks associated with its investment in space photovoltaic, including technical, business, and market uncertainties, emphasizing that its current focus remains on ground photovoltaic applications [6] - Other companies, such as Solar Energy and Yamaton, have stated that their business does not currently involve space photovoltaic technology, focusing instead on their respective core areas [7]

Industry Events - The 2026 Nuclear Fusion Energy Technology and Industry Conference will be held in Hefei, Anhui from January 16 to 17, 2026 [1] - The first "AI + Traditional Industry" Practical Application Development Forum will take place on January 16 [1] Monetary Policy - The People's Bank of China will lower various structural monetary policy tool rates by 0.25 percentage points, with the one-year re-lending rate decreasing from 1.5% to 1.25% [2] Tax Policy - The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation announced the extension of the VAT exemption policy for foreign institutions investing in national bonds and local government bonds from August 8, 2025, to December 31, 2027 [2] Semiconductor Industry - TSMC reported Q4 2025 revenue of $33.73 billion, a 25.5% year-on-year increase, driven by strong demand for high-end chips due to AI computing [4] - TSMC's capital expenditure for 2026 is projected to reach $52 billion to $56 billion, indicating robust future AI computing demand [4] Tungsten Products - Prices for tungsten products have increased, with black tungsten concentrate and white tungsten concentrate rising by 5,000 yuan/ton, and tungsten iron and ammonium paratungstate increasing by 10,000 yuan/ton [5] - Global tungsten supply growth is limited, with a projected compound annual growth rate of 2.57% from 2023 to 2028 for raw tungsten supply [5] Aerospace Industry - The Beijing Rocket Street project has completed construction and is now entering the delivery phase, becoming the first commercial aerospace research and production base in China [6] - The project will provide various shared services to support the full chain development of commercial aerospace [6] Company News - Xinghua New Materials plans to acquire at least 51% of Hangzhou Tiankuan Technology, which focuses on AI computing center construction and operation [7] - Zhenghai Magnetic Materials expects a net profit of 310 million to 380 million yuan for 2025, a year-on-year increase of 235.72% to 311.52% [7] - Sanmei Co. anticipates a net profit of 1.99 billion to 2.15 billion yuan for 2025, reflecting a growth of 155.66% to 176.11% [8] Investment Activity - Multiple broad-based ETFs saw significant trading volume increases, with the Southern CSI 500 ETF reaching a record high turnover of 26.3 billion yuan on January 15 [10] - Institutional investors net bought shares in aerospace electrical equipment companies, indicating strong interest in the sector [11]

银河证券研报指出，海信视像是乾照光电第一大股东。公司此前投入16.05亿元于2023年1月完成对乾照 光电的控股，截至目前持股比例达26.19%，并将其纳入合并范围。乾照光电作为海信视像在上游领域 的战略布局，间接为海信视像供应背光芯片产品；并在新型显示领域实现深度产业协同，成功实现 RGB-Mini LED背光与Micro LED芯片技术的产业化突破；海信光模块业务与乾照光电的VCSEL技术形 成潜在协同。看好全球商业航天的快速发展，尤其是中国市场的潜力。预计2026年中国卫星发射量将快 速增长，进一步带动对砷化镓太阳能电池的需求，乾照光电有望核心受益。子公司乾照光电在商业航天 领域表现亮眼，海信视像目前是商业航天估值最低的公司。维持"推荐"评级。 ...