近日，在安徽黄山脚下，薄雾萦绕的茶山间，一架工业无人机轻盈掠过层层叠叠的绿浪。它无须频繁折 返充电，单次飞行即可完成整片茶园的病虫害监测与预警。驱动这架无人机的，是中国科学院大连化学 物理研究所研究员陈忠伟团队自主研发的高比能氢-锂混合动力系统。该系统基于团队的两项核心技术 ——高比能超低温电池技术与高比能氢-锂混动技术，成功破解了工业无人机"续航短、载重小"的行业 团队智能能量管理系统技术负责人吴私介绍，为突破传统氢燃料电池的"水土不服"难题，团队在材料与 控制层面实现双重创新。 他们采用8微米超薄质子交换膜及自主开发的复合催化剂和亲水基团修饰技术，使膜电极具备自增湿功 能，无需增加加湿系统，且抗反极能力提升至2000分钟；阴极扩散层设计为梯度孔径结构，优化气流分 布，避免水淹或膜干；动态模型可预测和调节气流量，确保了无人机剧烈飞行时的稳定性；高比表面积 散热翅片和传质强化技术提高了散热效率并优化反应效率，保证电池高效稳定运行。 难题。 两项技术的协同发展，为低空经济飞行器提供了适应极端环境、超长航时、高机动性的多元化、高性能 能源解决方案，将有力推动我国低空产业的技术升级与应用拓展。 打破"续航天花板" ...

Core Viewpoint - The rise of scientific fraud, exacerbated by the emergence of generative AI technologies, has created a complex industry chain that poses unprecedented challenges to the scientific publishing sector [1][4]. Group 1: Scientific Fraud Industry - A significant investigation focused on the journal "Public Library of Science: ONE" revealed that 33 editors had an unusually high rate of retracted or criticized papers, with one editor handling 79 papers, 49 of which were retracted, amounting to a 62% retraction rate [2]. - The investigation also identified organized bulk publishing of questionable papers, with over 2,000 papers flagged for duplicate images on the peer review platform PubPeer, often published simultaneously in a limited number of journals [2]. - The Academic Research and Development Association (ARDA) in Chennai, India, exemplifies this industry by offering one-stop services for paper writing and journal publication, charging between $250 and $500 [3]. Group 2: Impact of AI on Research Integrity - Since the launch of ChatGPT in 2022, the proportion of AI-generated content in scientific papers has been steadily increasing, with approximately 22.5% of computer science paper abstracts identified as modified by large language models [4]. - A 2023 study indicated that one-third of researchers could not identify AI-generated medical journal abstracts, highlighting concerns about the reliability of AI-generated content [4]. - The integration of AI technologies has made fraudulent practices more covert, complicating the efforts to maintain research integrity [5]. Group 3: Addressing Academic Fraud - The academic community is actively seeking solutions to combat the evolving landscape of academic fraud, with initiatives to investigate the presence of paper mills and enhance research integrity [5][6]. - Experts emphasize the need to shift the evaluation system in academia away from an overemphasis on the quantity of published papers, advocating for increased focus on research reproducibility and the quality of peer reviews [6]. - Establishing stricter standards for AI usage in research, such as requiring authors to disclose AI involvement in their papers, is deemed essential for maintaining academic integrity [6].

Core Insights - The "Cangyuan" shield machine, the largest diameter mud-water balance shield machine independently developed in China, officially commenced its tunneling operation on the left line of the Haitai Yangtze River Tunnel, marking the project's entry into the excavation construction phase [1] - The "Cangyuan" has a cutting diameter of 16.66 meters, a total length of 176 meters, and weighs over 5,650 tons, representing a significant breakthrough in China's high-end tunnel construction equipment sector [1] Technology and Innovation - The "Cangyuan" shield machine integrates three core technologies to address the challenges of ultra-long distances, large diameters, high water pressure, and deep burial depths [1] - It features a "digital brain" for intelligent control, employs "smart blade and iron teeth" technology to overcome efficient excavation bottlenecks, and is equipped with the world's first "smart heart" active protection system to ensure safe and efficient construction [1]

Core Insights - China has made significant breakthroughs in intelligent breeding, integrating biotechnology and artificial intelligence to create the world's first automatic hybrid pollination breeding robot, "Ji'er" [1][2] - This innovation addresses challenges in hybrid breeding, significantly reducing breeding costs, shortening breeding cycles, and enhancing breeding efficiency [1] - The research results were published in the journal "Cell," highlighting the importance of seed technology in driving the green revolution [1] Biotechnology and AI Integration - The research introduces a novel intelligent breeding model that combines biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and robotic labor, establishing a complete technical system for intelligent breeding and seed production in China [2] - The study has been highly praised by reviewers as an innovative breakthrough that exemplifies the potential of AI-driven scientific research to solve major technological and industrial challenges [2] Application and Future Prospects - The development of an intelligent breeding factory allows for rapid customization of superior varieties, with the successful creation of structural male sterile lines in soybeans, potentially leading to significant yield increases in China's soybean hybrid breeding [1]

Core Points - The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation has led the development of two international standards recently published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [1][2] - A total of 30 international standards in the aerospace field have been published under China's leadership, with 38 standards either published or in development [1] Group 1: Standard Details - The first standard, "Aerospace Systems - Launch Window Estimation and Collision Avoidance" (ISO 21740:2025), outlines requirements for launch window analysis and safety launch timing identification, including a collision avoidance risk assessment matrix [1] - This standard is applicable to collision risk analysis between newly launched objects and any space objects along the flight path, facilitating the determination of optimal launch windows and timing [1] - The standard was jointly proposed by China, the United States, France, and Japan, with the China Aerospace Standardization Research Institute responsible for drafting [1] Group 2: Stability Requirements - The second standard, "Aerospace Systems - Requirements for Stable Operation of Satellite Attitude and Orbit Control Systems" (ISO 16615:2025), defines the stable operation of satellite attitude and orbit control systems [2] - It establishes principles and requirements for building the stability capabilities of these systems based on influencing factors [2] - The Beijing Control Engineering Research Institute led the preparation of this standard, with the China Aerospace Standardization Research Institute coordinating technical discussions with the ISO [2]

基于该项全球首创技术，团队在国际上首次实现单神经元水平"输入—输出"的准确链接，为深入解析脑 功能的神经环路机制提供了新的机遇。结合团队自主研发的重建算法，VIVIT技术还可构建从亚细胞到 全器官的三维图谱，精准再现包括细胞器、神经突触在内的精细结构和位置，为各种器官绘制纳米级三 维立体"画像"。 （文章来源：科技日报） 为了兼顾透明和无形变，团队开展跨学科研究，自主研制出高折射率的离子液体。"基于该离子液体， 我们开发了整套VIVIT组织透明化处理技术，首次将不透光的生物组织在低温下转变为'玻璃态'。"苑克 鑫介绍，玻璃态的样本不会由于形成冰晶对组织造成机械性损伤，可在-80℃下长期保存，随用随取。 论文中展示了啮齿类、非人灵长类和人类脑组织经处理后，神经突触等亚细胞级精细结构在显微镜下均 清晰可见。团队还发现，离子液体处理后的样本经荧光染料染色后，其信号强度可提升2—30倍。这为 跨尺度进行三维数据获取与空间重建奠定了坚实基础。 11日，清华大学生物医学工程学院苑克鑫教授团队全球首创的生物组织透明化处理方法登上国际期刊 《细胞》杂志。该方法能将不透明的生物组织转变为"玻璃态"，便于显微镜等设备对组织内部进 ...

图像复原领域长期存在一个两难困境：追求高质量往往耗时长，而追求高效率则难免损失细节精 度。如何把一张老照片修复得又快又好？ 近日，中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院发布HYPIR图像复原大模型。它由该院先进计算与数字工程 研究所研究员董超团队研发，为图像复原技术的实际应用提供了更高效的解决方案，更为影视修复、文 化传承与保护等领域带来新的可能。 传统方法中，基于预训练扩散模型的复原技术显著提升了图像复原效果，但存在计算复杂度高、推 理速度慢、训练资源消耗大以及生成结果可控性不足等问题。这些成为限制图像复原技术发展的瓶颈。 2024年，董超团队研发出智能画质增强大模型SUPIR。它能将低质量的图像恢复到接近原始状态的 高清图像，有效修复多种退化类型的图像。 HYPIR作为SUPIR的升级版，舍弃了迭代式扩散模型训练，改用单步的对抗生成模型训练方式，将 原有的算法速度提升了数倍。同时，HYPIR采用更新的文生图基模型进一步提升算法效果，实现8K级 别的细节生成，在生成图像的稳定性和可控性方面远超SUPIR大模型。 "以往的图像复原往往包括扩散模型蒸馏等过程。HYPIR则不需要依赖这些步骤，复原方法更加简 单。它在训练和 ...

针对上述难题，研究团队在人造细胞内实现了核苷酸从头合成代谢通路的构建，并将合成的核苷酸 用于RNA转录。该代谢通路以碳酸氢铵为起点合成尿苷三磷酸（UTP），包括氨甲酰磷酸合成酶 （CPS）、天冬氨酸转氨甲酰基酶（ATC）、二氢乳清酶（DHO）、二氢乳清酸脱氢酶（DHODH）、 磷酸核糖焦磷酸激酶（RPPK）、尿苷5′-单磷酸合成酶（UMPs）、尿苷酸激酶（UK）和核苷二磷酸激 酶（NDK）8种酶。同时，研究引入由肌酸激酶（CK）和磷酸肌酸组成的ATP（三磷酸腺苷）再生系统 以驱动该代谢途径。在优化条件下，3小时内可产生0.85毫摩尔每升的UTP，与CTP、GTP、ATP和T7 RNA聚合酶共同实现了人造细胞内的RNA转录。人造细胞内UTP从头合成代谢通路及其后续RNA转录 的成功实现，为自主人造细胞的构建奠定了坚实基础。 核苷酸是合成RNA的必要成分。以简单化合物从头合成核苷酸，对生命活动来说至关重要。目 前，人造细胞研究中转录过程均依赖预先添加的核苷酸，而非内源合成，这限制了人造细胞的自主性和 长期稳定性，在人造细胞内原位合成核苷酸以维持RNA转录仍是巨大挑战。 科技日报讯 （记者朱虹 通讯员梁英爽）8月8 ...

这些癌细胞仿佛在等待一个信号，而病毒引发的炎症，正是那个"启动密码"。美国科罗拉多大学安 舒茨医学分校的科学家在小鼠模型上做了实验：当乳腺癌小鼠呼吸道感染后，原本平静的肺部迅速变 得"热闹"起来，休眠的癌细胞在几天内开始苏醒、分裂，短短两周，转移病灶就明显扩大。 科学家们紧接着分析了英国生物样本库（4837人，所有癌症类型）和美国Flatiron健康数据库 （36845人，乳腺癌患者），发现人类世界的数据也有类似的警报：呼吸道感染后的癌症患者，其癌症 相关死亡风险是未感染者的一倍；而在乳腺癌患者中，感染后肺部转移的风险上升了40%以上。 这意味着，呼吸道感染可能"开门"让癌细胞趁虚而入。或许，人体免疫系统在全力抗敌时，无意中 为癌细胞创造了"温床"，炎症信号就像"营养液"，刺激它们重新活跃。 研究无止境，科学无定论。这一研究还有待进一步扩大样本和深入分析。它也不是让人们恐慌的理 由，而是提醒人们：健康是一场精密的平衡游戏。对于癌症康复者来说，预防呼吸道感染，比以往任何 时候都更重要。戴口罩、打疫苗、勤洗手，这些看似简单的动作，可能就是在为自己的身体筑起一 道"防火墙"。 《自然》杂志最近发表了一项重磅研究，揭 ...

Group 1: Lunar Exploration Achievements - The Chang'e 6 mission has successfully unveiled the evolutionary history of the moon's far side, marking a significant milestone in lunar exploration [1][5] - The mission collected and returned samples from the moon's far side, achieving multiple breakthroughs in key technologies [6][5] - The Chang'e 6 mission returned 1935.3 grams of lunar samples, setting several world records during its 53-day mission [4][6] Group 2: Human Spaceflight Developments - The Chinese space station has been constructed with all components being domestically produced, achieving 100% self-sufficiency in key technologies [3][5] - The space station has hosted nine crewed missions and conducted six "space rendezvous" events, showcasing China's advancements in human spaceflight [3][9] - The upcoming missions include the development and launch of additional modules to enhance the capabilities of the Chinese space station [3][10] Group 3: Deep Space Exploration Initiatives - The Tianwen-1 mission successfully achieved three major objectives: orbiting, landing, and roving on Mars, marking a first in global space exploration [9] - Future missions include Tianwen-3 for Mars sample return and Tianwen-4 for Jupiter system exploration, indicating China's commitment to deep space exploration [10] - The National Space Administration is also focusing on solar exploration and the development of a new generation of civil space infrastructure [10]