Core Viewpoint - The successful launch and docking of the Tianzhou-9 cargo spacecraft with the Tiangong space station marks a significant advancement in China's space research, particularly in the area of heat transfer technology in microgravity environments [1][2]. Group 1: Launch and Docking - The Tianzhou-9 cargo spacecraft was launched on July 15 at 5:34 AM, using the Long March 7 Yao-10 rocket [1]. - The spacecraft successfully docked with the rear port of the Tianhe core module of the space station [1]. Group 2: Research and Development - The "Space Droplet Condensation Heat Transfer Experimental Module," developed by a team from Dalian University of Technology, is part of the manned space station engineering science and application project [1]. - This module will conduct long-duration in-orbit experiments on durable heat interface materials, droplet condensation dynamics, and enhanced heat transfer technology in a microgravity environment [1]. - The research represents the first international study of droplet condensation in a microgravity environment, aiming to reveal the microscopic mechanisms and physical essence of phase change processes [1]. Group 3: Technical Challenges and Future Research - The team has overcome multiple technical challenges related to droplet condensation in microgravity [2]. - Future research will focus on the dynamics of droplet condensation and its influencing factors in space [2]. - The proposed method aims to enhance the efficiency of the thermal control system and improve space utilization by utilizing solid-liquid interface effects to drive efficient liquid transport [2].

Core Insights - The research led by Sun Yat-sen University provides a long-term assessment of the melting status of polar ice caps, highlighting the accelerating melting of both the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets due to global warming [1][2] - The study identifies the reduction of Arctic sea ice and the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole as key drivers of this phenomenon [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The Greenland ice sheet is losing approximately 4.5 billion tons of meltwater per year from 1992 to 2022, significantly increasing its contribution to sea level rise [2] - The study utilized satellite data combined with ground observations to quantify the relationship between Arctic sea ice reduction and the accelerated melting of the Greenland ice sheet [2] - The East Antarctic ice sheet has become the largest source of meltwater in Antarctica, surpassing the Antarctic Peninsula, with its meltwater volume significantly correlated with the recovery of the ozone layer [2] Group 2: Implications - The recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, while beneficial for the environment, may inadvertently lead to extreme melting events in the East Antarctic ice sheet, showcasing the complexity of Earth's system responses [3] - The findings emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of climate factors and their impacts on polar ice dynamics [3]

Core Insights - The research team successfully decoded the process of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis at the single-cell level, utilizing self-developed single-cell omics and spatiotemporal omics technologies [1][2] - A comprehensive single-cell atlas was constructed, encompassing 20 tissue samples and 913,769 high-quality single-cell nuclear transcriptomes, identifying 38 cell types [1] - The study established aging and youth indices, identifying 1,856 core aging-related genes and 1,875 youth-related genes, enabling quantitative assessment of leaf senescence at single-cell resolution [2] Group 1 - The research revealed key cell types and gene dynamics during leaf senescence, laying the groundwork for future studies on leaf aging [1] - A co-expression gene regulatory network for leaf development was constructed based on aging and youth indices, highlighting several key node genes that may play significant roles in leaf senescence [2] Group 2 - The study found that nutrient transfer during leaf senescence is associated with a complex carbon-nitrogen transport system, with specific genes showing high cell-type specificity in vascular tissues [3] - Key genes responsible for transporting sugars and amino acids from leaves to other parts of the plant were identified, providing insights into the mechanisms of nutrient distribution during leaf aging [3]

张同作介绍，这是国内外首个基于多物种、大规模宏基因组分析构建的鹿科动物肠道微生物资源 库，为微生物资源利用以及濒危物种保护提供了坚实的数据基础。 张同作介绍，通过系统发育和共进化分析发现，肠道微生物与宿主在长期演化过程中形成了稳定的 互利关系。更为关键的是，通过比较宏基因组分析，研究人员发现高原鹿科动物的肠道微生物在能量代 谢与碳水化合物活性酶通路上具有显著的适应性增强，其相关功能基因的相对丰度显著高于平原鹿类。 （原载于《科技日报》 2025-07-16 第06版） 记者7月14日从中国科学院西北高原生物研究所获悉，该所动物生态与资源保护研究团队首次构建 了涵盖多个物种的鹿科动物肠道宏基因组图谱，建立了当前最为系统、全面的鹿科动物肠道微生物组数 据库。相关研究成果日前发表于学术期刊《BMC生物学》。 青藏高原具有极端低氧、低温以及营养匮乏等特殊环境条件，对野生动物的生存构成了严峻挑战。 肠道微生物作为宿主适应外部环境的重要"隐形器官"，在能量代谢、营养吸收、免疫调节等方面发挥着 关键作用。 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所动物生态与资源保护研究团队研究员张同作介绍，研究团队采集了 青藏高原地区多种鹿科动物的粪便 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the development of an "intelligent air purifier" for factories, which can adapt to environmental changes and optimize energy consumption while effectively reducing emissions [1][2]. Group 1: Technology and Innovation - The "intelligent air purifier" is capable of detecting harmful substances in emissions and adjusting its operation accordingly, leading to improved efficiency and reduced costs [1]. - The technology, developed by Zhejiang University and other institutions, focuses on carbon and pollutant reduction through intelligent control, significantly lowering energy consumption while enhancing treatment efficiency [1][6]. - The integration of artificial intelligence in the development of this technology allows for real-time adjustments to boiler operations, optimizing fuel and air ratios based on varying conditions [6][8]. Group 2: Environmental Impact - Key industries such as electricity, heat, and steel contribute over 30% of national air pollutants and over 60% of carbon dioxide emissions, making them critical targets for pollution control and carbon reduction efforts [3]. - China's stringent emission standards for coal-fired power plants require significant reductions in sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which are more rigorous than those in the US and EU [3][4]. - The intelligent control technology has been shown to effectively manage emissions, ensuring compliance with ultra-low emission standards while also reducing energy consumption during the pollution control process [10][11]. Group 3: Economic Benefits - The intelligent pollution control system not only meets environmental standards but also enhances economic efficiency by reducing operational costs associated with emissions management [10][11]. - The collaborative governance model developed by the research team has been successfully applied across multiple industries, demonstrating both environmental and economic benefits [11].

Core Viewpoint - The successful launch and docking of the Tianzhou-9 cargo spacecraft marks a significant advancement in China's space logistics capabilities, enhancing the operational efficiency and reliability of the country's space station program [1]. Group 1: Key Highlights of the Mission - The Tianzhou-9 spacecraft carried approximately 6.5 tons of supplies, setting a new record for cargo weight delivered to the space station [2]. - Notable cargo included two new sets of extravehicular spacesuits, which have an improved lifespan of four years and twenty uses, compared to the previous three years and fifteen uses [2]. - The mission also expanded the variety of space food, adding nearly 30 new dishes, bringing the total to over 190, thus extending the food supply cycle from seven to ten days [2]. - A total of 776.5 kilograms of scientific experiment-related materials were sent, covering 23 scientific experiments in fields such as space life sciences and microgravity fluid physics [2]. Group 2: Technological Innovations in Docking - The Tianzhou-9 achieved a fully autonomous docking with the Chinese space station, marking the third implementation of a three-hour docking procedure, which is now the standard for future missions [3]. - This docking method reduces the requirements for rocket launch conditions and enhances mission reliability compared to previous methods [3]. - The mission faced new challenges, including docking at a new orbital altitude and under specific solar angle conditions, which were addressed through extensive data analysis and simulations [3]. Group 3: Future Directions for Space Logistics - The Tianzhou cargo spacecraft is recognized as one of the most capable cargo transporters in the world, supporting space station operations and scientific experiments [4]. - The Tianzhou-9 mission also included two experimental payloads aimed at testing new space technologies to improve overall mission efficiency [5]. - The development of additional cargo spacecraft, such as the Qingzhou and Haolong, is underway, which will enhance the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of China's space logistics system [5].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the Spatial Information Engineering major is a proactive response to national strategies and aims to cultivate "spatial architects" equipped for the digital economy [3][4]. Group 1: Professional Overview - The Spatial Information Engineering major is recognized as a new discipline that integrates Earth sciences, information sciences, and engineering technologies, focusing on the deep coupling of "time" and "space" [4]. - This major is essential for various applications, including navigation updates, smart city operations, natural resource management, and emergency responses during disasters [4][5]. Group 2: Curriculum Development - The curriculum is designed to break down disciplinary barriers, combining general education, foundational knowledge, and practical innovation [5][6]. - Courses include remote sensing, geographic information, and artificial intelligence, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of spatial data collection and processing [6]. - The program emphasizes real-world applications, with case studies in smart cities, autonomous driving, and disaster monitoring, utilizing a project-based learning approach [6][7]. Group 3: Employment Prospects - Graduates of the Spatial Information Engineering major are expected to meet the growing market demand for interdisciplinary talents capable of addressing complex spatial analysis and engineering challenges [7][8]. - Employment opportunities span various sectors, including natural resource management, smart city development, intelligent transportation, and low-altitude economy [8].

Core Insights - The study published in the latest issue of "Science" highlights the critical role of the "global overturning circulation" in shaping the diversity and functionality of microbial communities in the South Pacific [1][2] - The research provides a new perspective on understanding the organizational patterns of marine ecosystems [1] Group 1: Research Findings - The research team collected over 300 full-depth water samples from the South Pacific, revealing the existence of a "prokaryotic phylogenetic leap layer" at approximately 300 meters below the surface, where microbial diversity sharply increases [1] - The study identified over 300 microbial genomes and tens of thousands of species, establishing a baseline for current marine microbial ecosystems [2] - Six microbial community groups and ten functional zones were formed, with three groups related to water depth and three corresponding to major water masses such as Antarctic bottom water and ancient Pacific deep water [1] Group 2: Implications - Microbial communities are central to the oceanic carbon cycle, influencing carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and solid carbon processes [2] - Changes in global overturning circulation due to climate change may alter microbial community distribution and functionality, potentially impacting the global carbon cycle in unknown ways [2]

原标题："兴海"大模型构建船海教育智能底座 近日，哈尔滨工程大学（以下简称"哈工程"）研发的国内首个船海学科教育专有大模型——"兴 海"大模型，在国家高等教育智慧教育平台正式上线。 "兴海"大模型面向学生、教师及社会用户，将船海行业知识与人工智能深度融合，是一个集AI专业 课程学习、虚拟仿真实践、物理仿真预报、船舶性能智能预测、船舶智能设计、学科岗位分析等功能于 一体的一站式教育平台。大模型由哈工程与中国船舶科学研究中心、上海船舶研究设计院、上海外高桥 造船有限公司等共建，汇聚了船舶行业海量的数据资源，涵盖20门以上国家级和省级一流专业核心课 程、3万多个行业知识点、近5000型船舶试验数据、4000余条行业岗位分析数据，以及50多部船海专业 教材等。这些数据贯穿大模型基础层、专业层、学科层、应用层四个层级。 基础层面向学生，涵盖"船舶与海洋工程结构物强度""船舶与海洋工程流体力学"等20余门AI专业课 程，为学生自主学习专业知识提供工具。基础层侧重于基础理论学习，通过文字、视频、思维导图、 AI学习助手等为学生提供课程资源，改变了学生固有的学习模式，拓宽了学习空间。 应用层设置了船舶智能设计、创造性思维模块 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of practical training in engineering education, highlighting the challenges faced by students in transforming theoretical knowledge into real-world applications [1] - The Ministry of Education has initiated a reform in the training of engineering master's and doctoral students, focusing on substantial collaboration between universities and enterprises, which has shown significant results over the past three years [1][2] - A total of 40 National Excellent Engineer Colleges have been established, creating a new collaborative platform for talent cultivation between schools and enterprises [2] Group 2 - The program has developed 201 core courses that are high-level, cutting-edge, interdisciplinary, and challenging, focusing on 18 key areas [2] - Over 5,100 research topics have been provided by enterprises to the National Excellent Engineer Colleges, serving as primary sources for engineering master's and doctoral research and thesis topics [2] - The first batch of pilot engineering master's students has achieved a high-quality employment rate, with 71% remaining in their respective fields [4]