Group 1 - The research team from the University of California, Davis, has discovered two genes related to human brain characteristics and established a systematic research framework to explore more related genes [1][2] - The study utilized the complete human genome map created by the "Telomere to Telomere" (T2T) consortium, identifying approximately 250 candidate gene families that are actively expressed in the brain, verified across all human individuals, and highly conserved [2] - The specific functions of the two identified genes, GPR89B and FRMPD2B, were confirmed through zebrafish model experiments, with GPR89B regulating brain size and FRMPD2B involved in synaptic signaling [2] Group 2 - The findings fill a gap in the research of genomic repeat sequences and provide critical targets for the precise screening of gene mutations associated with language deficits and autism [2] - The constructed dataset from this research is expected to become an important resource for the scientific community, aiding in the understanding of brain evolution and neurodevelopmental diseases [2] - The role of these genes in the formation of unique human brain characteristics offers key insights for future treatments of related diseases through the in-depth analysis of this "genomic dark matter" [2]

"当前，高山树线研究网络已初具规模，但高山灌木线研究仍处于起步阶段，亟须建立环北极、北 美落基山、南美安第斯山、欧洲阿尔卑斯山等典型高山区的灌木线研究网络，加强不同尺度的观测，特 别是定量化监测乔木和灌木在全生命周期中的相互作用。"梁尔源说，这项研究为理解全球气候变化下 高山生态系统的响应提供了关键支撑，也为未来的研究和生态保护奠定了基础。 高山上"绿色边界"搞清楚了。记者7日从中国科学院青藏高原研究所获悉，通过整合分析山体效 应、温度、水分、物候期等多重因素，来自该所的科研人员系统阐明了全球高山树线与灌木线的分布格 局，揭示了19世纪以来全球不同尺度上树线、灌木线的移动速率、生长更新动态，评估了树线、灌木线 的未来趋势，以及生态过渡带上移对高山生态系统的影响。相关研究成果发表于《自然综述-地球与环 境科学》杂志。 所谓高山树线，是指超过2—3米的乔木能连续生长的最高海拔线；灌木线则位于树线之上，是不到 1米的低矮灌木丛能连续生长的最高海拔线。这两条线之间的区域对环境变化特别敏感，就像警报器。 科学家研究树线已有几百年历史，但关注灌木线才几十年。"虽然人们知道温度是决定树线位置的最主 要因素，但近几十年的研究 ...

Group 1 - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly large models, is accelerating global digitalization while also increasing network threats, necessitating the fusion of AI and digital security for effective digital economy development [1] - Large models exhibit strong general capabilities but face challenges in specialized applications due to insufficient professional knowledge and limited adaptability, requiring collaboration between AI providers and industry leaders to create high-quality professional datasets [1][2] - There is a call for innovative models like "industry large model as a service" to lower application barriers, enabling small and medium enterprises to access customized AI capabilities affordably [1] Group 2 - A fundamental transformation of digital security systems is needed, shifting from passive to proactive immune models driven by AI, utilizing large models for threat hunting, anomaly detection, and automated responses [2] - The theme of the conference emphasizes the strategic value of integrating AI with cybersecurity, highlighting the necessity for collaborative efforts across sectors to address global challenges [2] - The evolution from large models to intelligent agents is essential for enhancing productivity, as intelligent agents can understand goals, plan tasks, and utilize tools effectively [3] Group 3 - The emergence of "intelligent agent hackers" poses a new challenge in cybersecurity, where a single hacker can control multiple agents to launch automated attacks, increasing the risk of cyber warfare [3] - 360 Group is developing security intelligent agents based on large security models to enhance cybersecurity capabilities, aiming to replicate the skills of human security experts [3][4] - The company emphasizes the dual focus on "security + AI" to protect the digital era while defining the future through AI advancements [4]

Core Insights - Scientists from Osaka University and Hiroshima University have observed quantum entanglement in cerium rhodium tin (CeRhSn) material, regulated by Planck time, marking a significant advancement in quantum computing research [1][2] - The study published in the journal "npj Quantum Materials" highlights the unique properties of heavy fermions and their potential applications in solid-state quantum computers [1][2] Group 1: Quantum Entanglement and Heavy Fermions - The research confirms that the behavior of heavy fermions aligns with the mathematical description of quantum entanglement, with entanglement duration influenced by Planck time [2] - Heavy fermions are formed due to strong interactions between conduction electrons and localized magnetic electrons, leading to unconventional superconductivity and other unique properties [1] - The unique lattice structure of CeRhSn exhibits geometric frustration, preventing the system from reaching a stable energy state, thus resulting in various quantum phenomena [1] Group 2: Implications for Quantum Computing - The findings provide a deeper understanding of the nature of quantum entanglement and the complex interactions between heavy fermions, paving the way for manipulating quantum states in solid materials [2] - Continued research on these entangled states could offer new solutions for quantum communication and quantum computing technologies [2]

Core Insights - A cover article in *Nature* reports on an AI-assisted design of a super-adhesive hydrogel inspired by natural adhesive proteins, capable of repairing leaks in water pipes and adhering to objects underwater [1] - The research highlights the challenges in designing soft materials with adhesive properties, particularly in wet environments, and draws inspiration from natural organisms like bacteria and mollusks [1] - Researchers from Hokkaido University developed a protein database containing 24,707 adhesive proteins to guide the design and synthesis of 180 new underwater adhesives, leading to the creation of powerful adhesives through machine learning [1] Group 1 - The super-adhesive hydrogels have potential applications in various biomedical fields, including prosthetic coatings and wearable biosensors, indicating a disruptive impact on these industries [2] - The design aims for multipurpose applications, with expectations for use in other types of functional flexible materials [2]

Core Viewpoint - The research team from Uppsala University has successfully demonstrated the world's first instance of donor pancreatic β cells edited by CRISPR-Cas technology surviving and functioning for 12 weeks in a type 1 diabetes patient without the use of immunosuppressants, offering hope for a potential cure for the disease [1][2]. Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The study utilized CRISPR-Cas12b technology to modify donor pancreatic cells by knocking out B2M and CIITA genes to reduce immunogenicity and overexpressing CD47 through lentiviral transduction [1]. - The modified low-immunogenicity cells were implanted into a 42-year-old subject's left brachioradialis muscle, with the entire procedure conducted without glucocorticoids, anti-inflammatory drugs, or immunosuppressants [1]. Group 2: Clinical Outcomes - Monitoring over 84 days showed that the transplanted cells successfully evaded the immune system, with no T cell activation or antibody response observed [2]. - Imaging confirmed the good survival of the graft, and the patient's hemoglobin A1c levels significantly decreased by 42% [2]. - Although the number of transplanted cells was only 7% of what is needed for treatment, this experiment marks a critical breakthrough in demonstrating survival and functionality [2]. Group 3: Future Implications - The low-immunogenic gene editing technology used in this study may lead to the development of more curative β cells, potentially allowing for a diabetes cure without the need for immunosuppression [2]. - This advancement could relieve millions of patients from the daily pain of injections and the long-term complications associated with diabetes [2].

Group 1: Major Innovations and Achievements - The first self-exploration and development ultra-deepwater gas field "Deep Sea No. 1" commenced production in June 2021 [1] - The first domestically produced electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier "Fujian" was launched in June 2022 [1] - The first large domestic cruise ship "Aida·Magic City" began trial operations in December 2023 [1] - The first ocean drilling vessel "Dream" was officially completed and commissioned in November 2024 [1] - The first ultra-deep exploration well "Deep Earth Tower No. 1" was successfully drilled to a depth of 10,910 meters in February 2025 [1] Group 2: Strategic High Technology Developments - Significant advancements in strategic high technology have been made over the past five years, supporting industrial upgrades and high-quality economic development [6] - The "Deep Sea No. 1" energy station, the world's first 100,000-ton deepwater semi-submersible production and storage platform, has been fully operational since June 2023, with a daily output of over 15 million cubic meters of natural gas [5] - The high-speed rail technology continues to innovate, with the "Fuxing" high-speed train operating over 48,000 kilometers, accounting for more than two-thirds of the global high-speed rail operating mileage [7] Group 3: Advancements in Basic Research - China has made significant breakthroughs in basic research, including the discovery of over 1,000 pulsars by the "China Sky Eye" (FAST) telescope [2] - In quantum technology, China achieved the preparation and verification of 51 superconducting qubit cluster states, setting a world record for entangled qubits [3] - The first complete spatial distribution map of single cells in the macaque brain was created, providing unprecedented insights into primate brain structure and evolution [3] Group 4: Innovation Ecosystem and Investment - China's R&D investment reached a new high, with a nearly 50% increase compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, amounting to an additional 1.2 trillion yuan [9] - The proportion of high-tech manufacturing in total manufacturing increased from 15.3% in 2020 to 16.9% in the first half of this year [8] - The number of high-impact papers from China accounted for 48.4% of the global total, maintaining the top position worldwide [4]

Core Insights - A research team from Pennsylvania State University has developed an innovative manufacturing method that significantly enhances the performance of electrospun fibers for electronic applications, marking a leap in the field of wearable electronics [1] - The core of this technology is a polymer called polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), known for its lightweight, flexibility, and unique piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric properties, enabling self-powered sensors [1] - The initial application of this material is in the production of masks, which can effectively attract and capture bacteria and viruses, providing a higher level of protection for wearers [1] Industry Applications - Future clothing could monitor health metrics such as heart rate and blood pressure in real-time and charge electronic devices using human kinetic energy, integrating seamlessly into garments for true "smart wear" [2] - The electrospinning technology is particularly suitable for producing large-area materials, which is crucial for building efficient energy harvesting systems [2] - The research team is exploring further optimization of material performance through post-processing methods, which could enhance sensitivity and energy output efficiency, opening up more possibilities for future applications [2]

Core Insights - The research team from the Yunnan Astronomical Observatory has revealed the physical mechanism of oscillatory magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere, providing a new theoretical model for understanding the periodic variations of solar activities such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study utilized 2.5D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations to reconstruct the process of magnetic flux ropes rising from the convection zone to the atmosphere and reconnecting with the background magnetic field [1] - The simulations indicated that the direction of the current sheet exhibits quasi-periodic reversals, with reversal periods concentrated between 8 to 15 minutes, and the longest reaching 30 minutes, aligning closely with observational data [1] - The research identified that the convection and turbulence in the solar convection zone are key drivers of the oscillatory behavior of magnetic reconnection [2] Group 2: Implications for Solar Activity - The study proposes a new mechanism for oscillatory magnetic reconnection by coupling the dynamics of the convection zone with coronal magnetic reconnection, addressing previous discrepancies between simulation periods and observations [2] - The periodic fluctuations in the magnetic reconnection rate, ranging from 100 to 400 seconds, correlate with the oscillation periods of solar acoustic waves, suggesting a deep connection between internal solar motions and atmospheric activities [2] - This research enhances the understanding of solar activity's periodic pulsations, which could lead to more accurate predictions of solar storms' impacts on Earth [2]

该算法开发者、华威大学博士研究生马塞洛·阿隆表示，传统依赖太阳光谱的监测方法仅限白天，而新 技术完善了碳循环研究，能为气候模型优化提供关键数据，也为制定气候策略提供支撑。（记者张梦然 实习生周思彤） 恒星光线穿越地球大气层时，会与大气中的气体分子相互作用，在光谱中留下类似"条形码"的特殊印 记，即"大气谱线"。过去，这些谱线是天文学家的观测干扰项，需通过技术手段剔除；而新研发的 Astroclimes算法却反其道而行，专门捕捉这些谱线中蕴含的信息，以此反推夜间大气中二氧化碳、甲烷 等温室气体的浓度。 今年7月，研究团队在西班牙卡拉阿托天文台开展联合观测：白天，利用COCCON-Spain网络的便携式 光谱仪采集太阳光谱数据；夜间，通过天文台3.5米望远镜的CARMENES设备获取星光数据，再用 Astroclimes算法进行分析。两组数据相互校准，形成了覆盖昼夜的全天候监测体系。 据英国华威大学官网最新消息，该校联合西班牙多所科研机构，将天文观测技术跨界应用于气候监测领 域：利用"星光探针"，即星光光谱精准测量夜间温室气体浓度，填补了传统观测在时间维度上的空白。 该技术已在西班牙卡拉阿托天文台的观测中得到验证 ...