Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a recent study on the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, which is linked to a meningitis outbreak in the pig industry in North America and Europe, highlighting its implications for both animal and human health [2][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published by a team from Nanjing Agricultural University reveals that the pathogen utilizes a continuously transcribed phosphotransferase system (PTS man) to adapt metabolically in low-glucose environments, allowing it to proliferate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [3][8]. - The research indicates that during systemic infection in mice, only about 1 to 10 clones of the pathogen invade the meninges, where they can multiply approximately 10 million times [7]. - The PTS man system is essential for glucose uptake in the pathogen, enabling it to limit the activation of stringent response and thus facilitating its replication in CSF [7][8]. Group 2: Implications for Treatment - The findings provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of meningitis caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, suggesting potential targets for vaccine and drug development [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses advancements in base editing technology, specifically focusing on a new method to minimize bystander editing while maintaining high editing efficiency, which addresses significant challenges in genome editing applications [1][2][9]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team from Harvard University developed a multi-faceted approach to enhance base editing precision by optimizing gRNA and deaminases, thereby minimizing bystander editing [2][5]. - A library of approximately 60,000 different 3' extended sgRNAs was designed and tested to improve the precision of adenine base editors (ABE), leading to the identification of promising agRNA candidates [6]. - The V28C variant, evolved through phage-assisted non-continuous evolution (PANCE), demonstrated a significant increase in editing efficiency at target sites while substantially reducing bystander editing, achieving precision two to three times greater than ABE8e with a 20% efficiency improvement [6][7]. Group 2: Methodologies - The study integrated three complementary technologies: engineering gRNA to reduce bystander editing, using PANCE to evolve more precise base editors, and employing protein language models (PLM) for rational design of optimized deaminases [5][9]. - The M151E mutation, identified through PLM, significantly narrowed the editing window and improved target site editing efficiency [7]. Group 3: Clinical Applications - The performance of the evolved base editors was validated in two clinically relevant scenarios, showing high efficiency and precision in editing cardiovascular disease-related target PCSK9 and early-onset Parkinson's disease-related mutation SNCA E46K [7].

Core Viewpoint - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, leading to progressive cognitive decline. Current disease-modifying therapies are limited, and chronic neuroinflammation is recognized as a significant component of AD, making the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways a promising treatment strategy [1][2]. Group 1: Dietary Interventions - Diet is an easily implementable intervention to regulate neuroinflammation, with black rice diet (BRD) being rich in unsaturated fatty acids that may combat neurodegeneration associated with aging [2][5]. - Increased intake of ω-3 fatty acids and carotenoids from fish and plants is linked to improved brain function and delayed cognitive decline [2]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in Nature Aging revealed that α-linolenic acid (ALA) and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid (EDA) from black rice can inhibit amyloid pathology in AD mouse models through allosteric activation of cell-type-specific GPR120, improving cognitive function and extending lifespan [3][10]. - The research demonstrated that BRD significantly prevents cognitive decline in two common AD mouse models, APP/PS1 and 5×FAD [5]. Group 3: Mechanisms of Action - ALA and EDA are identified as key mediators that reduce amyloid pathology and restore cognitive performance to wild-type levels by activating GPR120 in plaque-associated macrophages and activated microglia [7][8]. - The study elucidated the structural binding patterns of ALA and EDA with GPR120, enhancing the understanding of their allosteric effects and downstream signaling pathways [8]. Group 4: Implications for Treatment - The findings suggest that GPR120 activation has cell-type-specific functions in the brain, providing insights for the development of targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease [10]. - While the actual intake of black rice may be challenging to achieve therapeutic concentrations, this research lays the groundwork for developing standardized therapeutic agents [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the role of external risk factors, such as obesity and viral infections, in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, and highlights the potential therapeutic target of oxidized macrophage migration inhibitory factor (oxMIF) in this context [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published by researchers from Düsseldorf University identifies oxMIF as a drug target for Alzheimer's disease, linking external risk factors to tau pathology [2][3]. - The research indicates that the replication of HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) involves oxMIF, and that the compound PAV-174 can inhibit oxMIF, potentially blocking this process [8]. - The study found that oxMIF is abundant in the brains of sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting its role as a molecular interface between external stressors and Alzheimer's pathology [8]. Group 2: Mechanisms and Implications - The interaction between viruses and host cell proteins can disrupt cellular protein homeostasis, increasing the risk of protein misfolding diseases [5]. - The identification of host proteins repurposed by viruses allows for the exploration of fundamental cellular activities in sporadic cell death events without relying on the viruses themselves [6]. - PAV-174 has shown effectiveness in reducing tau protein phosphorylation and aggregation in both in vitro and in vivo settings, independent of viral infection [6][8].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the health risks associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particularly through marine fish consumption, emphasizing the need for regulatory measures and international trade standards to mitigate exposure risks [2][10]. Group 1: PFAS Overview - PFAS are synthetic chemicals known for their stability due to carbon-fluorine bonds, making them persistent in the environment and difficult to degrade [5]. - These substances are linked to various health issues, including thyroid disease, immune system suppression, and cancer [5]. Group 2: Research Findings - The study analyzed data from 212 marine fish species to estimate the daily intake of C8-PFAS, revealing a median exposure of 0.023 nanograms per kilogram per day, with higher levels in North America, Oceania, and Europe [2]. - The research indicates that fish consumption is a significant source of PFAS exposure, with intake from fish being three times that from grains and 14.5 times that from meat [5]. Group 3: Geographic and Economic Disparities - Exposure levels vary globally, with North America, Oceania, and Europe showing the highest levels of C8-PFAS, while Asia and Oceania have higher pollution concentrations in fish [9]. - High-income countries have a median daily intake of C8-PFAS at 0.068 nanograms per kilogram per day, over five times higher than that of other countries, highlighting a correlation between economic status and PFAS exposure [9]. Group 4: Trade Dynamics - European countries play a crucial role in the global fish trade, significantly affecting exposure pathways, with imports contributing to over 76% of PFAS exposure in some regions [10]. - The study found that in Italy, only 11.71% of imported marine fish contributed to 35.82% of PFAS exposure, indicating the complex dynamics of local versus imported fish [10]. Group 5: Regulatory Implications - Following the implementation of the Stockholm Convention in 2009, the risk index for PFOS decreased by 72.3%, while the risk for PFOA dropped by 40.44%, demonstrating the effectiveness of regulations [10]. - However, unregulated long-chain PFAS pose increasing risks, necessitating urgent regulatory attention [10]. Group 6: Policy Recommendations - The research calls for unified PFAS limits in fish across countries, as current standards vary significantly [12]. - It emphasizes the need for monitoring high-pollution regions' fish exports and establishing international traceability mechanisms [13]. - There is a pressing need to include long-chain PFAS in regulatory frameworks to address emerging risks [14].

Core Insights - The article discusses a significant research study from Guangxi University published in Current Biology, focusing on the convergent evolution of cell size in mangrove plants to adapt to their challenging habitat [3][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals that mangroves have independently evolved smaller leaf epidermal cells and thicker cell walls compared to their inland relatives, enhancing their mechanical strength and ability to withstand low osmotic potential [4][5]. - The research indicates that natural selection in mangroves prioritizes biomechanical integrity over gas exchange capabilities, as evidenced by the lack of smaller, denser stomata to increase photosynthesis rates [4][8]. - Phylogenetic comparative analysis shows repeated convergent evolution of cell traits during transitions from inland to coastal habitats, forming a simple and effective mechanism for salt stress adaptation [5][7]. Group 2: Implications - The findings emphasize the role of biomechanics in driving the convergent evolution of cell traits and suggest that regulating cell size and wall characteristics could be a viable strategy for designing salt-tolerant engineered plants [8].

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - China's rapid development in renewable energy has been recognized as the top scientific breakthrough of 2025, with significant contributions in solar and wind energy [4][5][9] - Global renewable energy generation has surpassed coal, with solar and wind energy growth covering the entire increase in global electricity consumption from January to June 2025 [6] - China plans to reduce carbon emissions by up to 10% over the next decade, primarily through the expansion of wind and solar energy rather than reducing energy usage [6][8] Group 2: Genetic Editing and Rare Diseases - A customized lipid nanoparticle-based base editing therapy successfully treated a rare genetic disorder in a child, demonstrating significant advancements in gene editing for rare diseases [12][14] Group 3: Antibiotics for Gonorrhea - Two new antibiotics, gepotidacin and zoliflodacin, have been approved by the FDA for treating gonorrhea, addressing the growing antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae [15][17] Group 4: Cancer Research - Research has revealed a new biological signaling axis involving neurons and cancer cells, providing insights into cancer metastasis and potential new treatment targets [18][23] Group 5: Astronomy and Data Collection - The Rubin Observatory will conduct continuous scans of the visible sky every three days for ten years, generating unprecedented amounts of data and detailed 3D maps of the universe [24][26][28] Group 6: Human Evolution - A study successfully extracted ancient DNA from the "Dragon Man" skull, linking it to Denisovans and enhancing understanding of East Asian human diversity and evolution [29][31][33] Group 7: AI in Scientific Research - Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities in various scientific fields, leading to significant advancements and a shift in research paradigms [34][37] Group 8: Particle Physics - A breakthrough in calculating the magnetic properties of the muon particle using lattice gauge theory has provided new insights into particle physics, despite ruling out certain new physics possibilities [38][41] Group 9: Xenotransplantation - Milestones in xenotransplantation have been achieved with genetically modified pig kidneys surviving in human patients for extended periods, moving closer to addressing organ shortages [42][44][45] Group 10: Heat-Resistant Rice - Research has identified a natural gene switch in rice that enhances heat tolerance, significantly improving yield under high-temperature conditions [46][48][50]

当前，全球变暖带来的气温上升威胁着农作物谷物的质量和产量；然而，温度如何调节谷物质量以及如何 实现谷物质量和产量的协同耐热性，我们仍不得而知。 2025 年 4 月 30 日，华中农业大学 李一博 教授团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 上发表了题为： A natural gene on-off system confers field thermotolerance for grain quality and yield in rice 的研究论文。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 该研究发现了水稻中的一种天然基因开关系统，赋予了其田间热耐受性，从而提升了水稻的品质和产量。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队鉴定出一个水稻主效基因位点—— QT12 ，它通过过度激活 未折叠蛋白反应 （UPR） 破坏胚乳储存物质的稳态，从而负向调控稻米品质的田间热耐受性。 QT12 的天然变异和 NF-Y 复合体形成了一种天然的基因开关系统，以调节 QT12 的表达和耐热性。高温 削弱了 NF-YB9/NF-YC10 与 NF-YA8 的相互作用，解除了对 QT12 的抑制，从而引发品质下降。而 QT12 的低表达赋予了水稻更 ...

在妇产科领域， 宫腔粘连 （IUA） 作为子宫内膜损伤后的常见并发症，传统治疗手段难以实现子宫内膜的结构与功能同步修复，而 水凝胶 作为兼具生物相容性与靶向递送能力 的新型载体，为IUA治疗提供了突破性方向。 课程信息 课程主题： 水凝胶在宫腔粘连治疗的研究 赛业云课堂有幸邀请到上述研究的 第一作者 ——上海市第一妇婴保健院 张东海 博士 ， 于12月23日（周二）晚7点做客直播间，为大家带来「 水凝胶在宫腔粘连治疗 的研究 」线上讲座。届时将 深度拆解两篇高分论文的研究设计、关键数据与创新逻辑，学习如何从临床痛点出发，设计兼具科学性与实用性的水凝胶治疗方案、细胞/ 药物负载策略到机制验证的完整科研逻辑，为水凝胶、干细胞相关领域研究提供可借鉴的创新路径 。 欢迎感兴趣的老师扫码报名，与顶刊一作在线交流互动，成功提交报名还可抽取「 赛业生物2026主题台历 和 疯狂动物城主题马克杯 」等好礼！ 课程时间： 2025年12月23日（周二）19:00-20:00 分享要点： 讲师介绍 张东海 博士 上海市第一妇婴保健院 同济大学附属妇产科医院 （上海市第一妇婴保健院） 周倩 教授 聚焦 IUA 这一临床难题，在 A ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the discovery and significance of a well-preserved ancient human skull fossil known as "Longren" (Homo longi), which is believed to represent a new branch of ancient humans, potentially linked to the Denisovans [3][5]. Group 1: Discovery and Significance - The skull fossil was discovered in Harbin in 1933 and is one of the most complete ancient human fossils found to date, dated to be no later than 146,000 years old [3]. - In June 2021, researchers from Hebei University of Geosciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences published three papers proposing that the skull represents a new branch of ancient humans named "Longren" [3]. Group 2: Controversy and Research - There is ongoing debate in the academic community regarding the classification of Longren as a new branch, with some researchers suggesting it may belong to the Denisovans due to morphological similarities [5]. - The Denisovans are an extinct group of ancient humans identified through genetic evidence, with existing remains being fragmented and lacking complete morphological features [5]. Group 3: Genetic Research Breakthrough - A recent study published in the journal Cell utilized ancient DNA techniques to provide critical insights into the genetic affiliation of the Harbin individual and the morphology of the Denisovans [6][7]. - The research successfully extracted ancient DNA from dental calculus of the Longren skull, marking a significant advancement in the study of ancient human genetics [6][9]. Group 4: Methodology and Findings - The research team optimized extraction methods and developed bioinformatics analysis techniques to obtain ancient DNA from minimal samples of dental calculus [9][11]. - The analysis revealed that the Harbin individual is closely related to early Denisovans from Siberia, with genetic dating indicating a closer connection to earlier Denisovan individuals rather than later ones [11][14]. Group 5: Implications for Understanding Human Evolution - This study provides a direct link between Denisovan genetic information and nearly complete skull morphology, offering a reference for identifying other potential Denisovan fossils in Asia [12]. - The findings enhance understanding of the migration and distribution of Denisovans across Asia, indicating their presence from Siberia to Northeast China during the Middle Pleistocene [14].