点击蓝字，关注我们 若30年期国债收益率上升10个基点，将使其突破5%，达到2023年11月以来的最高水平，更接近当年 的峰值——当时的利率水平为2007年中期以来未见。 尽管收益率上升通常会提振货币， 但债务担忧可能加剧市场对美元的怀疑。 彭博美元指数已接近4月 低点， 期权交易员的情绪也处于五年来最悲观状态 。 今年4月，特朗普的关税承诺迫使投资者重新评估美国资产在其投资组合中的核心地位，美国市场全 面承压。在美国总统暂停对中国加征关税后，部分抛售行情出现逆转，但债券市场投资者的注意力很 快转向美国财政轨迹。 信心流失 投资者本周交易伊始再次面临动荡，美国资产承受新压力，不过此次引发波动的主要因素是对美国债 务的担忧，而非关税问题。 智通财经APP获悉，投资者本周交易伊始再次面临动荡，美国资产承受新压力，不过此次引发波动的 主要因素是对美国债务的担忧，而非关税问题。 上周五晚间， 穆迪评级宣布将美国政府信用评级从最高的Aaa下调至Aa1。 这家评级机构将其原因归 咎于历任总统和国会议员导致的预算赤字不断膨胀，称赤字几乎未有收窄迹象。消息传出后，亚洲早 盘交易中， 美国股市和债券期货随美元一起下跌。 随着国 ...

Core Viewpoint - Moody's has downgraded the U.S. government's credit rating from "Aaa" to "Aa1," marking a significant shift in the perception of U.S. Treasury securities as a safe asset [1][3][4]. Group 1: Rating Downgrade Details - Moody's decision to downgrade the U.S. credit rating was unexpected, occurring before the resolution of ongoing negotiations in Congress regarding major fiscal legislation [3]. - The downgrade reflects concerns over the increasing U.S. government debt and rising interest expenses, with projections indicating a potential increase in government debt by $5 trillion over the next decade due to proposed tax cuts [3][4]. - Following the downgrade announcement, the yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury bonds briefly rose to 4.49%, an increase of approximately 0.05% from before the announcement [4]. Group 2: Market Reactions and Implications - Despite the downgrade, major financial institutions, including Barclays, believe that there will not be a forced sell-off of U.S. Treasuries, as they continue to be viewed as "risk-free" assets [4]. - Japanese financial institutions have expressed that the impact of the downgrade is limited, with no plans to reduce their holdings of U.S. Treasuries [4]. - There is a noted trend of foreign investors, including China, reducing their holdings of U.S. Treasuries, with China's holdings dropping to $765.3 billion, a decrease of $18.9 billion from the previous month [5][6]. Group 3: Broader Economic Context - The downgrade comes at a time when U.S. interest rates are already under upward pressure, influenced by various economic factors including the potential for a stronger fiscal policy under the Trump administration [5]. - The sentiment among investors remains cautious, with ongoing concerns about the U.S. government's ability to manage its debt effectively, which could hinder the return of capital to the U.S. [6].

穆迪认为，美国政府当前财政支出计划无法让强制性支出和赤字在未来出现实质性减少。该机构预计，如果不调整税收和支出，美国预算灵活性仍将有 限，包括利息在内的强制性支出占总支出的比例将从2024年的73%左右升至2035年的78%左右。如果美国国会2017年通过的《减税与就业法案》得以延 长，未来10年内，扣除利息支出后的美国联邦财政赤字将增加约4万亿美元，美国联邦政府债务占国内生产总值（GDP）比重到2035年将升至134%。 摩根大通策略师Jay Barry在一份报告中表示，长期来看，穆迪下调美国评级可能会导致利息支出增加，此举将使美债相对于匹配期限的隔夜指数掉期 （OIS）价格走低。 该策略师表示，鉴于需求格局发生结构性转变，贸易和货币政策存在不确定性，短期内风险倾向于熊陡。这一事件导致的波动程度应该会比4月初关税公 告后出现的波动更小，因为投资者的仓位现在更加中性，而且不太可能像上个月那样出现夸大基本面的市场波动。 报告还称，在其他条件相同的情况下，穆迪此次下调评级，会使30年期掉期利差缩小约5个基点。然而，美债似乎已经显示出比其他类似评级的发达市场 主权债券更高的风险溢价，这表明价格降低的幅度可能比这些系 ...

Core Viewpoint - Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from AAA to AA1 due to the increasing scale of government debt and interest payments, while adjusting the outlook from "negative" to "stable" [1] Group 1: Credit Rating Changes - Moody's is the latest credit rating agency to downgrade the U.S. credit rating, following Fitch's downgrade to AA+ in August 2023 and S&P's downgrade to AA+ in August 2011 [1] - The downgrades are closely associated with the U.S. debt ceiling approaching the "X date," raising concerns about fiscal stability [1] Group 2: Fiscal Concerns - Moody's expressed concerns about the current fiscal situation and future budget plans, predicting that by 2035, U.S. federal debt will reach 134% of GDP and the federal deficit could rise to 9% of GDP [1][2] - The agency noted that mandatory spending, including interest payments, will increase from 73% of total government spending in 2024 to 78% by 2035, limiting budget flexibility for other public investments [2] Group 3: Current Debt Situation - The total U.S. federal debt has surpassed $36 trillion, with $6.5 trillion in bonds maturing by June 2025 [2] - The fiscal deficit for the first half of FY2025 has already exceeded $1.3 trillion, marking the second-highest level for that period in history [2] Group 4: Political Context - The current fiscal challenges are described as long-term issues rather than short-term problems created by the current administration, with efforts underway to reduce federal spending and promote economic growth [3] - There are concerns regarding the objectivity of credit rating analysts, with political affiliations being questioned, although such claims may serve to divert attention from underlying fiscal issues [3]

2025.05. 19 本文字数：1565，阅读时长大约3分钟 针对美国赤字财政的不可持续，不同于民主党政府倾向于通过向富人征税，平衡赤字，特朗普政府执 政以来的对外增加关税、对内减税、通过DOGE削减财政支出、去监管等降低经济社会运行成本，及 开创"特朗普金卡"筹资、对非公民海外汇款征税等，都在不同程度围绕着可持续美国财政预算和赤 字经济展开。 历届美国政府都重视美国财政赤字问题，缘于美国国债在美国乃至全球政经领域的极端重要性，即若 美国财政赤字的可持续性问题无法获得系统性解决，那么失去最高主权信用评级后，美国国债将很难 在金融实务中被看作完全安全资产，这会极速提升美国国债收益率曲线，抬高全球金融市场风险资产 的风险溢价，提高全球经贸体系的运行成本和融资成本等，导致市场需更多额外资本吸附美国国债收 益率陡峭带来的敞口风险。 这不利于全球经济增长，并加剧新兴经济体美元流动性成本，增加新兴经济体的风险压力。毕竟，若 美国主权信用评级完全无缘最高信用评级，即便美联储采取降息举措，美国国债收益率曲线也不一定 会随之回调，反而相比3A的公司债，市场需要为美国国债计提与其信用评级匹配的风险溢价。 当然，市场最大的担心是 ...

Core Viewpoint - U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen expressed skepticism towards Moody's decision to downgrade the U.S. credit rating, indicating a lack of confidence in the rating agency's assessment [1] Group 1 - Yellen's response highlights the government's stance on credit ratings and their implications for investor confidence [1] - The downgrade by Moody's may reflect broader concerns about fiscal policy and economic stability in the U.S. [1] - The reaction from the Treasury Secretary suggests potential tensions between government officials and credit rating agencies [1]

Core Viewpoint - The downgrade of the U.S. sovereign credit rating by major credit rating agencies signals that U.S. government debt may no longer be considered a risk-free asset [2][3]. Group 1: Credit Rating Downgrade - Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, with a stable outlook, following similar actions by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings [2][3]. - The downgrades are closely linked to the unsustainable nature of U.S. government debt, with the debt-to-GDP ratio projected to rise from 6.4% in 2024 to 9% by 2035 [2][3]. - Mandatory spending, including interest payments, is expected to account for 78% of total government spending by 2035, up from 73% in 2024 [2]. Group 2: Market Implications - The current downgrade is unlikely to trigger immediate panic in the markets, unlike the 2011 downgrade, due to relaxed conditions for eligible collateral [3]. - However, the downgrade increases risk exposure in the market, as the sustainability of U.S. fiscal policy remains a concern [3][4]. - If U.S. debt is no longer viewed as a safe asset, it could lead to a steep rise in U.S. Treasury yields, increasing the risk premium for global financial markets [4]. Group 3: Global Economic Impact - The downgrade could hinder global economic growth and raise liquidity costs for emerging economies, increasing their risk pressures [4]. - The loss of the highest credit rating for U.S. debt may destabilize the global financial market, which relies on U.S. Treasuries as a stability anchor [4][5]. - The need for bipartisan cooperation in U.S. fiscal policy is emphasized to restore the sovereign credit rating to its highest level [4][5]. Group 4: Investor Considerations - Investors holding significant dollar-denominated assets are advised to conduct risk assessments and adjust their asset allocations accordingly [5]. - The downgrade serves as a warning for the U.S. government to address its fiscal responsibilities and move towards a sustainable fiscal path [5].

Group 1: U.S. Treasury Holdings Overview - As of March, foreign countries and regions held $90,495 billion in U.S. Treasury securities, with a month-over-month increase of $2,331 billion [1] - Japan remains the largest foreign holder of U.S. debt, increasing its holdings by $49 billion to $1,130.8 billion, marking the third consecutive month of increases [1][7] - China reduced its holdings by $189 billion, bringing its total to $765.4 billion, the lowest level since 2009 [2][5] Group 2: Changes in Major Holders - The United Kingdom increased its U.S. Treasury holdings by $289 billion to $779.3 billion, surpassing China to become the second-largest holder [2][6] - In March, total net inflows into U.S. securities and bank cash from overseas reached $2,543 billion, with private funds contributing $2,592 billion and official funds experiencing a net outflow of $49 billion [3][4] Group 3: Investment Trends and Motivations - In March, overseas net purchases of U.S. long-term securities amounted to $1,832 billion, with private investors net buying $1,460 billion and official institutions net buying $373 billion [4] - Japan's motivations for increasing its U.S. Treasury holdings include currency intervention, leveraging its holdings in trade negotiations, and adjustments in monetary policy [8][9][10] Group 4: U.S. Fiscal Challenges - Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, citing increasing budget deficits and rising costs of debt refinancing under high interest rates [13][14] - The U.S. federal debt has surpassed $36 trillion, with a fiscal deficit exceeding $1.3 trillion in the first half of the fiscal year, marking the second-highest deficit on record [17]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent downgrade of the United States' credit rating by Moody's, marking the first time all three major credit rating agencies have downgraded the U.S. from its previous AAA status due to rising government debt and fiscal challenges [1][2]. Group 1: Credit Rating Downgrade - Moody's has downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, with a stable outlook, following similar actions by S&P and Fitch [1][2]. - The downgrade is primarily attributed to increasing government debt and the rising proportion of interest payments relative to revenue [2][5]. Group 2: Fiscal Deficits and Debt Levels - The U.S. fiscal deficit has approached $2 trillion annually, with total nominal debt exceeding $36 trillion, representing over 6% of GDP, which is the highest in peacetime history [2][5]. - The U.S. Treasury Secretary acknowledged that the country is on an unsustainable fiscal path, with projections indicating that the federal deficit could reach nearly 9% of GDP by 2035 [5][7]. Group 3: Rising Interest Costs - High interest rates have led to increased debt servicing costs, with net interest expenditures expected to rise by approximately 130% by 2024 compared to 2019 levels [5][8]. - The average interest rate on outstanding U.S. debt is projected to be 3.324% in 2024, with total debt burden reaching 98% of GDP [5][8]. Group 4: Economic Implications - The trade war initiated by Trump has resulted in weakened economic conditions, leading to decreased consumer spending and increased corporate costs, which in turn affects government revenue and debt repayment capacity [8][11]. - The Yale Budget Lab estimates that proposed tax legislation could increase government debt by $3.4 trillion over the next decade, potentially reaching $5 trillion if certain temporary provisions are extended [8][12]. Group 5: Market Reactions - Following the downgrade announcement, the S&P 500 index ETF experienced a decline of over 1%, while the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury bond rose from 4.44% to above 4.48% [13][15]. - The article suggests that rising bond yields could lead to increased pressure on the U.S. government to address fiscal challenges, potentially impacting future economic policies [15].

数据显示，美国联邦政府债务总额目前已超过36万亿美元，仅今年6月就有6.5万亿美元的国债到期。美 国财政部数据显示，2025财年上半年，美国联邦政府财政赤字已超过1.3万亿美元，为半年度历史第二 高。 此外，由于美国新一届政府上任以来对贸易伙伴滥施关税措施，美自身经济也受到显著拖累。美国商务 部数据显示，今年一季度美国GDP环比按年率计算萎缩0.3%。这是2022年以来美国经济的最差季度表 现。分析人士指出，长期来看，美关税政策持续将加剧经济不确定性，可能导致通胀和失业率上升，关 税对美国经济的冲击效应未来可能进一步显现。 （文章来源：新华社） 新华财经纽约5月17日电 国际信用评级机构穆迪公司16日宣布，由于美国政府债务及利息支出增加，该 机构决定将美国主权信用评级从Aaa下调至Aa1，同时将其评级展望从"负面"调整为"稳定"。 由于惠誉和标准普尔已分别于2023年和2011年下调美国主权信用评级，美国在三大主要国际信用评级机 构中的主权信用评级均失去了Aaa的最高等级。 穆迪认为，美政府当前财政支出计划无法让强制性支出和赤字在未来出现实质性减少。该机构预计，如 果不调整税收和支出，美国预算灵活性仍将有限， ...