Core Viewpoint - The recent tax and spending bill passed by Congress is expected to exacerbate long-term debt issues in the U.S., despite temporarily alleviating short-term default risks [2][3]. Group 1: Legislative Impact - The bill extends Trump's 2017 tax cuts and authorizes increased spending on border security and military, while significantly cutting Medicare and Medicaid [2]. - The borrowing limit for the U.S. government has been raised by $5 trillion, which is projected to increase national debt by $3.4 trillion over the next decade [2][3]. - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the bill will reduce tax revenue by $4.5 trillion and cut spending by $1.2 trillion over the next ten years, resulting in 10.9 million people losing federal health insurance [3]. Group 2: Market Reactions - Foreign investors are reportedly selling U.S. Treasuries, raising concerns about declining demand and increasing borrowing costs [3]. - The 10-year Treasury yield has rebounded due to investor worries about fiscal health, indicating a potential long-term rise in interest rates [4]. - The market's reaction to the bill has been relatively muted, as the expansion of the deficit has already been priced in since Trump's return to office [5]. Group 3: Economic Outlook - The bill is expected to contribute 0.5% to economic growth next year, but concerns remain that the debt burden may offset the intended economic stimulus [3]. - The focus of the market is shifting towards economic data and corporate earnings, with the debt issue becoming a secondary concern [5].

Core Viewpoint - The recent statements by Atlanta Fed President Bostic highlight a cautious approach towards U.S. economic policy amid uncertainty, advocating for patience and a wait-and-see strategy to avoid detrimental adjustments in interest rate policy [1][3]. Economic Policy and Uncertainty - Bostic emphasized that making significant adjustments to monetary policy in the current uncertain environment is unwise, noting that the resilience of the U.S. macroeconomy provides a buffer for policymakers [3]. - The Federal Reserve has maintained interest rates unchanged this year, indicating a wait for more key economic signals before making decisions [3]. Tariff Policy and Inflation - Bostic is particularly focused on the impact of tariff policies, suggesting that price increases due to tariffs may manifest gradually rather than as a sudden spike, potentially leading to rising inflation expectations over time [4]. - He warned that if his assessment is correct, the U.S. economy could face prolonged high inflation pressures, which would pose significant challenges for future Federal Reserve policy decisions [4]. Labor Market Observations - Despite a positive employment report for June, Bostic noted subtle changes in the labor market, such as a slowdown in hiring, indicating a gradual softening of the labor market [4]. - He strongly advised the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) to remain patient and wait for clearer economic conditions before making decisions to avoid unnecessary market volatility [4]. Government Debt Concerns - Bostic pointed out that the rising U.S. government debt levels will have significant implications for policymakers, as high debt servicing costs could crowd out resources for other important economic activities [5]. - He highlighted that the recently passed tax and spending bill could increase the deficit by nearly $3.3 trillion over ten years, raising concerns about the potential impact on fiscal policy and interest rates [5]. - Bostic expressed worry that if financial markets perceive the U.S. government debt as a rising risk, interest rates may move independently of Federal Reserve policy, creating substantial challenges for monetary policy formulation [5].

Core Viewpoint - The conflict between President Trump and Elon Musk highlights significant issues regarding U.S. government debt and fiscal responsibility, with Musk criticizing Trump's tax and spending policies while Trump defends his administration's actions [1][2][3] Group 1: Conflict Background - The conflict escalated after the House of Representatives passed a large tax and spending bill proposed by the Trump administration, which Musk criticized for not aligning with fiscal responsibility [1] - Musk's resignation from his government position coincided with the criticism of the administration's spending plans, as he failed to meet his goal of reducing government spending by $1 trillion, achieving only a reduction of less than $200 billion [1] Group 2: Musk's Criticism - Musk publicly opposed Trump's tax bill, urging citizens to contact their legislators to "kill" the proposal, stating that "bankrupting America is wrong" [2] - He also criticized Trump's tariff policies, predicting they would lead to an economic recession in the latter half of the year [2] Group 3: Trump's Defense - Trump responded to Musk's criticisms by stating that Musk was "not in a good place" and that he had removed him from the government efficiency role, claiming that ending Musk's government subsidies would save hundreds of billions [2] - Trump emphasized that the tax bill was passed quickly without proper scrutiny, which Musk corroborated by stating he never saw the bill [2] Group 4: Broader Economic Context - The U.S. federal debt has reached $36.2 trillion, accounting for 124% of GDP, with interest payments consuming 25% of government revenue, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [2][3] - The "big and beautiful" tax bill is projected to increase the federal deficit by $2.4 trillion over the next decade, contradicting the principles of fiscal restraint that both Musk and Trump previously advocated [3] - Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating due to rising debt and interest payments, warning of significant future increases in the federal deficit [3]

Core Viewpoint - Many clients of Goldman Sachs are concerned about the U.S. government's debt issues [1] Group 1 - The focus on U.S. government debt reflects broader economic concerns among investors [1]

Report Investment Rating - The rating for the US dollar is "Oscillating" [5] Core Viewpoints - Market risk appetite has cooled, with most global stock markets falling and bond yields rising. The US dollar index has weakened, while non - US currencies have mostly appreciated. Gold and Brent crude oil prices have increased. The threat of tariffs and the US government's debt issues are major concerns, and the stock market's subsequent volatility may increase [1][2][8] Summary by Directory 1. Global Market Overview This Week - Market risk appetite has cooled. Most stock markets have fallen, and bond yields have mostly risen, with the US Treasury yield reaching 4.51%. The US dollar index has dropped 1.96% to 99.1, and non - US currencies have mostly appreciated. Gold has risen 4.8% to $3357 per ounce, the VIX index has rebounded to 22.3, and the spot commodity index has closed higher. Brent crude oil has rebounded 0.7% to $65.5 per barrel [1][8] 2. Market Trading Logic and Asset Performance 2.1 Stock Market - Global stock markets have mostly fallen. Developed - market stocks have generally declined, with the S&P 500 down 2.61%. Emerging - market stocks have shown mixed performance, with the Shanghai Composite Index down 0.57%. Concerns about the US government's debt have increased after Moody's downgraded the US rating. Tariff issues have pressured the stock market, and economic data has been affected by pre - tariff export rushes. The Fed's interest - rate cut intention has decreased, and the stock market's subsequent volatility may increase [9][10] 2.2 Bond Market - Global bond yields have mostly risen, with the 10 - year US Treasury yield reaching 4.51%. Eurozone countries' bond yields have shown mixed trends, and emerging - market bond yields have mostly increased. The demand for long - term bonds in Japan and the US has been weak, pushing up yields. The US 30 - year Treasury has exceeded 5%. The Chinese 10 - year Treasury yield has risen to 1.697%, and the domestic bond market remains in a volatile state [14][16][21] 2.3 Foreign Exchange Market - The US dollar index has dropped 1.96% to 99.1, and non - US currencies have mostly appreciated. The offshore RMB has risen 0.53%, the euro has risen 1.75%, the pound has risen 1.89%, and other non - US currencies have also shown significant increases [28] 2.4 Commodity Market - Spot gold has risen 4.8% to $3357 per ounce. Moody's downgrade of the US government rating and tariff threats have boosted gold prices. The gold market has entered an oscillating phase. Brent crude oil has rebounded 0.7% to $65.5 per barrel, and the overall commodity market has closed higher [33] 3. Hot - Spot Tracking - Trump has threatened to impose a 50% tariff on the EU on June 1 and a 25% tax on Apple's products produced in India. The implementation of the 50% tariff on the EU is likely, which may cause greater market volatility. The passage of the US tax - cut bill is expected to increase the deficit and exacerbate the US Treasury problem [37][38] 4. Next Week's Important Event Reminders - Monday: The US and the UK will have a one - day holiday - Tuesday: The US will release the March housing price index and the May Conference Board consumer confidence index - Wednesday: The Reserve Bank of New Zealand will announce its interest - rate meeting decision - Thursday: The US will release the first - quarter GDP revision and the weekly initial jobless claims, and the Fed will release the May interest - rate meeting minutes - Friday: The US will release the April core PCE [39]

Group 1: Market Trends and Drivers - The relationship between gold prices and U.S. Treasury yields exhibits a "see-saw effect," with rising yields due to long-term U.S. deficit concerns, yet gold prices are strengthening, indicating deep-seated market anxiety about the U.S. dollar's credit system [1] - Despite the upward pressure on gold prices from rising Treasury yields, concerns over inflation and debt default risks are driving gold as a safe-haven asset [1] Group 2: Investment Strategies - Gold investment is complex due to its multiple attributes as a commodity, currency, and safe-haven asset; margin trading in the Shanghai gold futures market allows investors to leverage their positions, but this can amplify both gains and losses [3] - As of May 23, 2025, the price difference between London and Shanghai gold indicates a structural opportunity, with a spread of 12.9% requiring real-time monitoring of exchange rates and capital flow policies [3] Group 3: Risk Assessment - Current risks in the gold market can be summarized as three uncertainties: potential hawkish shifts in Federal Reserve policy, U.S. government debt issues leading to reduced safe-haven demand, and decreased physical demand from emerging market central banks [5] - Technical analysis shows that gold prices faced profit-taking pressure after reaching $3,300.80, indicating volatility in high price regions [5] Group 4: Historical Data Comparison - Comparing current gold prices with historical cycles reveals significant differences; the current support logic for gold is more diversified than in 2011, with low opportunity costs for holding gold as indicated by TIPS yields [6] Group 5: Structural Changes in the Market - The development of the Shanghai gold market highlights structural changes, with daily trading volumes increasing from under 50 tons in 2011 to over 300 tons in 2025, reflecting the rise of Asian market pricing power [8] Group 6: Conclusion and Navigation - Investors need a "multi-dimensional compass" to navigate the current gold market, focusing on macro indicators like Federal Reserve decisions and micro signals such as the Shanghai-London price spread [9] - Risk managers should assess the volatility contribution of gold assets in their portfolios to avoid excessive exposure to a single asset [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent downgrade of the United States' credit rating by Moody's, marking the first time all three major credit rating agencies have downgraded the U.S. from its previous AAA status due to rising government debt and fiscal challenges [1][2]. Group 1: Credit Rating Downgrade - Moody's has downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, with a stable outlook, following similar actions by S&P and Fitch [1][2]. - The downgrade is primarily attributed to increasing government debt and the rising proportion of interest payments relative to revenue [2][5]. Group 2: Fiscal Deficits and Debt Levels - The U.S. fiscal deficit has approached $2 trillion annually, with total nominal debt exceeding $36 trillion, representing over 6% of GDP, which is the highest in peacetime history [2][5]. - The U.S. Treasury Secretary acknowledged that the country is on an unsustainable fiscal path, with projections indicating that the federal deficit could reach nearly 9% of GDP by 2035 [5][7]. Group 3: Rising Interest Costs - High interest rates have led to increased debt servicing costs, with net interest expenditures expected to rise by approximately 130% by 2024 compared to 2019 levels [5][8]. - The average interest rate on outstanding U.S. debt is projected to be 3.324% in 2024, with total debt burden reaching 98% of GDP [5][8]. Group 4: Economic Implications - The trade war initiated by Trump has resulted in weakened economic conditions, leading to decreased consumer spending and increased corporate costs, which in turn affects government revenue and debt repayment capacity [8][11]. - The Yale Budget Lab estimates that proposed tax legislation could increase government debt by $3.4 trillion over the next decade, potentially reaching $5 trillion if certain temporary provisions are extended [8][12]. Group 5: Market Reactions - Following the downgrade announcement, the S&P 500 index ETF experienced a decline of over 1%, while the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury bond rose from 4.44% to above 4.48% [13][15]. - The article suggests that rising bond yields could lead to increased pressure on the U.S. government to address fiscal challenges, potentially impacting future economic policies [15].