瑞·达利欧是全球知名的资产配置大师，1975年创立桥水基金。他提出并实践的"全天候策略"，是资产配 置史上具有里程碑意义的策略之一，其核心是多元化、风险平衡与再平衡。达利欧和桥水至今是投资圈 的一段传奇，在50多年的投资生涯里，他曾经历多个国家的多次债务周期。 今年，瑞·达利欧出版了新书《国家为什么会破产：大周期》，也频频出现在公众视野。站在全球政治、 经济格局变化的重要节点，达利欧针对迫在眉睫的债务问题与货币体系崩溃危机，对世界提出了关键警 示。通过对过去100年中35个货币市场的研究，他创造性地总结了人类历史中反复上演的"大债务周期"及 其发展必经的五大阶段。 9月23日，中信出版集团、中信银行北京分行联合主办的"原则、大周期与秩序重构——《国家为什么会 破产：大周期》新书发布会"在北京举办，瑞·达利欧与中国证券监督管理委员会原副主席高西庆，哈佛大 学博士、长江商学院经济学及人力资源学教授王一江，中国证券市场研究设计中心总干事王波明，共同 带来了一场精彩对谈，洞察国家兴衰、市场波动、个人财富背后的规律与周期。 编者按 ——BY 芒格书院 一、一 生仅见一次的大债务周 期 王波明： 祝贺你出版新书。瑞，你谈 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of diversification in personal asset allocation to achieve wealth preservation and growth, rather than engaging in speculation [2][32]. Group 1: Investment Strategies - Ray Dalio suggests that a 10%-15% allocation to gold is an effective balance and risk hedge for an individual's asset portfolio [39]. - Dalio advocates for a diversified investment strategy, highlighting that individuals should not solely rely on savings or real estate, as many people do [2][29]. - The concept of "All Weather Strategy" introduced by Dalio focuses on diversification, risk balance, and rebalancing as key components of asset allocation [3][4]. Group 2: Economic Insights - Dalio discusses the significance of debt cycles, stating that excessive debt can lead to economic distress for both individuals and nations [6][13]. - He points out that the current U.S. debt situation is unsustainable, with government spending significantly exceeding revenue, leading to increased borrowing [19][20]. - The article mentions that many countries, including the U.S., Japan, and China, face varying degrees of debt issues, with similar underlying mechanisms [17][18]. Group 3: Market Dynamics - The dialogue highlights the changing global economic landscape, where investors need to adapt their strategies to manage their portfolios effectively [38]. - Dalio notes that understanding the underlying mechanisms of market movements is crucial for managing investment portfolios [39][42]. - The article suggests that a balanced approach to asset allocation can help investors navigate market fluctuations and economic cycles [30][39].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of asset preservation and diversification in personal investment strategies, particularly in the context of changing economic cycles and debt issues faced by countries like China and the U.S. [2][4][30] Group 1: Investment Strategies - Personal investors should focus on diversifying their asset portfolios rather than relying solely on savings or real estate investments, as many individuals tend to do [2][30] - A recommended allocation of 10% to 15% in gold can provide a good balance and risk hedge within an individual's asset portfolio [2][38] - The concept of "All Weather Strategy" proposed by Ray Dalio highlights the significance of diversification, risk balance, and rebalancing in asset allocation [3][4] Group 2: Economic and Debt Cycles - Debt is identified as a critical factor influencing a country's economic success or failure, with historical examples illustrating the consequences of excessive debt [9][10] - The article discusses the cyclical nature of debt and its implications for economic stability, suggesting that when a country struggles to repay its debt, it faces broader economic challenges [9][10] - The current U.S. debt situation is described as unsustainable, with significant implications for future economic policies and stability [17][19][21] Group 3: Recommendations for Investors - Investors are encouraged to understand the underlying mechanisms of market fluctuations and to manage their investment portfolios accordingly [37][40] - The article suggests that individuals should not merely follow investment conclusions but should learn to think independently and develop their own strategies for asset management [39][40] - The importance of recognizing the cyclical nature of debt and its impact on personal and national economies is emphasized, advocating for a diversified approach to mitigate risks [30][38]

Core Viewpoint - Ray Dalio, a renowned asset allocation master and founder of Bridgewater Associates, emphasizes the critical nature of debt cycles and their impact on national success or failure in his new book "Why Nations Succeed or Fail: The Big Cycle" [1][4][10] Group 1: Key Insights from Dalio's Work - Dalio identifies five key factors in understanding the "big debt cycle," with debt being the foremost element influencing a nation's economic and political stability [4][7] - The book provides a framework for understanding historical patterns in debt cycles, encouraging a long-term and rational perspective on future uncertainties [1][12] - Dalio's analysis suggests that economic issues stemming from unsustainable debt levels can lead to significant political turmoil, including civil wars and international conflicts [4][8] Group 2: Implications for Investors - Investors are advised to adopt a diversified asset allocation strategy to mitigate risks associated with economic fluctuations and debt cycles [14][16] - Dalio suggests that a balanced investment portfolio should include 10%-15% in gold as a hedge against debt-related risks and currency devaluation [17] - The importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms of asset performance is highlighted, as it can lead to more informed investment decisions [16][17] Group 3: Broader Economic Context - The discussion includes the current state of global debt, with countries like the U.S., Japan, and China facing significant debt challenges, each with unique characteristics [10][11] - Dalio points out that traditional measures of debt sustainability, such as the debt-to-GDP ratio, may not accurately reflect the true risks, advocating for a focus on money supply as a better indicator [10][11] - The necessity for governments to manage debt through restructuring and monetary policy is emphasized, as failure to do so could lead to severe economic consequences [13][14]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the strong demand for Bridgewater's All Weather strategy products, which have shown impressive performance and have become increasingly popular among investors [2][4]. Group 1: Market Performance - The Shanghai Composite Index approached the 3900-point mark, indicating a bullish sentiment in the A-share market [1]. - Bridgewater's All Weather strategy products were sold out shortly after their launch in August due to overwhelming demand [3]. Group 2: Strategy Performance - The All Weather strategy has consistently delivered strong returns, with the worst-performing product line achieving annual returns between 10% and 14%, and an average return of approximately 16% [4]. - The strategy's success is attributed to its risk parity model, which diversifies investments across various asset classes to balance risk and return [6]. Group 3: Strategy Components - The strategy consists of a beta component (70%) based on a risk parity model and an alpha component (30%) that captures short-term opportunities through various sub-strategies [6][9]. - The beta portion aims to construct a macro risk-balanced portfolio by adjusting asset allocations based on economic growth and inflation [7]. - The alpha portion utilizes a unique factor library and quantitative models to enhance returns without increasing overall portfolio risk [8]. Group 4: Enhanced Macro Hedging Strategies - An enhanced macro hedging strategy combines quantitative models for asset allocation with subjective analysis to capture excess returns in specific asset classes [12][13]. - This strategy aims to achieve long-term returns while also seizing short-term investment opportunities based on economic cycles [14]. Group 5: Quantitative Macro Hedging - A fully quantitative macro hedging strategy employs various models to capture price signals across different time frames, covering a wide range of asset classes [15][16]. - The strategy maintains a balanced risk profile, with equity and debt each comprising 30% of the portfolio, gold at 15%, and other commodities at 25% [16]. - The overall strategy aims to optimize risk-return profiles while ensuring that volatility remains controlled within 8% [17].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of asset allocation strategies, particularly focusing on "rebalancing" to manage risks and enhance returns in investment portfolios [3][4]. Group 1: Rebalancing Strategy - The concept of rebalancing involves adjusting the proportions of stocks and bonds in a portfolio based on market movements. For instance, if stocks drop below 40% of the portfolio, selling some bonds to buy more stocks is advisable. Conversely, if stocks exceed 40%, selling some stocks to increase bond holdings is recommended [3]. - This rebalancing strategy can provide additional returns and reduce risks, effectively acting as a "free lunch" in investment [3]. Group 2: Asset Allocation Strategies - The article discusses the "All Weather" strategy, exemplified by Bridgewater Associates, which diversifies investments across various asset classes such as stocks, bonds, real estate, and commodities. This strategy aims to ensure that these assets do not move in the same direction simultaneously [5][6][7]. - The effectiveness of such strategies is also noted in the A-share market, indicating their broader applicability [8]. Group 3: Black Swan Theory - The article references Nassim Nicholas Taleb's "Black Swan" theory, which highlights unpredictable risks that can have significant impacts. Taleb advocates for a "barbell strategy," where the majority of investments are in safe assets like government bonds, while a small portion is allocated to high-risk options [9][10]. - This approach allows investors to earn stable returns from safe assets while being positioned to benefit significantly if a "Black Swan" event occurs, thus acting as a risk mitigation strategy [11]. Group 4: Global Adoption - The strategies discussed are widely adopted by investors globally, showcasing their relevance and effectiveness in various market conditions [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of diversified asset allocation in investment strategies, inspired by Ray Dalio's "All Weather Strategy," which suggests that having 10-15 uncorrelated return streams can significantly reduce non-systematic risk while capturing overall market returns [5][6]. Asset Allocation Strategy - The investment strategy involves a total investment of approximately 3 million, with a focus on multi-asset diversification to achieve a cumulative return exceeding 3 million [3]. - The allocation includes 33% in overseas investments, with a mix of active and passive management strategies, such as the Nasdaq 100 Index fund and various actively managed global technology funds [7][11]. - Domestic investments account for 46%, employing various strategies including balanced, growth, small-cap, and micro-cap funds to capture different market opportunities [12][13]. - A 16% allocation is made to dividend indices, focusing on companies with consistent dividend payouts, providing a sense of security in the investment portfolio [14]. - The commodity allocation is 20%, primarily in gold, oil, and soybean meal ETFs, serving as a hedge against market volatility and inflation [15][16]. Risk Management and Investment Philosophy - The investment approach prioritizes stability and risk management, aiming to preserve profits and control drawdowns in a volatile market environment [16]. - The philosophy encourages investors to find a rhythm that suits their risk tolerance, avoiding the temptation to chase quick profits or panic during market downturns [16].

Core Viewpoint - The company, Xiangju Capital, is diversifying its investment strategies by integrating quantitative methods with traditional subjective investment approaches, aiming for absolute returns rather than following the mainstream index-enhanced strategies [2][4]. Group 1: Company Background and Strategy - Xiangju Capital was founded by Liang Hui and his team in 2015, with a focus on absolute return targets through a combination of subjective and quantitative strategies [2][3]. - The company has been exploring quantitative strategies since its inception, with a dedicated team experienced in both fundamental research and quantitative model development [3][4]. - The firm aims to create a dual product line that combines subjective investment methods with quantitative strategies, providing low-volatility options for conservative investors [2][4]. Group 2: Quantitative Strategy Development - Xiangju Capital has developed various quantitative sub-strategies over the years, evolving from single-factor stock selection to multi-factor and machine learning strategies [3][4]. - The company’s independent quantitative multi-strategy is designed to pursue absolute returns, with a focus on maintaining low volatility and steady performance [3][5]. - The strategy has shown consistent annual returns since 2008, with a maximum drawdown controlled at a low level and recovery time not exceeding six months [4][5]. Group 3: Market Position and Demand - Unlike other mainstream quantitative firms, Xiangju Capital has chosen a differentiated path by focusing on absolute returns, addressing the significant market demand for stable income in a low-interest-rate environment [4][5]. - The firm believes that the market for stable, low-volatility absolute return products is substantial, appealing to investors with specific financial plans who seek reliable returns without high market risk [5][6]. Group 4: Future Directions and Investment Focus - The company plans to continue iterating its quantitative multi-strategy and expand its absolute return product line while also refining its active management strategies [8][9]. - Liang Hui emphasizes a balanced approach to strategy allocation, avoiding overexposure to any single direction while ensuring alignment with expected returns and volatility [9][10]. - The company is optimistic about four key investment areas: AI infrastructure, securities benefiting from market performance, competitive consumer companies, and globally competitive firms [10].

Core Viewpoint - Bridgewater Associates has become a highly sought-after hedge fund in China, akin to a luxury brand, with wealthy investors eager to invest substantial amounts to gain access to its products [2][3]. Group 1: Performance and Strategy - Despite a lackluster long-term performance globally, Bridgewater's business in China has thrived, achieving a return rate exceeding 35% in 2024, even amidst market downturns [2][3]. - The firm employs an "All Weather Plus" strategy, combining risk parity with active management, which has contributed to a 40% growth in assets under management, surpassing 55 billion yuan [2][10]. - In the first seven months of 2024, Bridgewater's onshore fund in China reported an 18% return, bringing its annualized return since inception in 2021 close to 20% [10]. Group 2: Market Position and Competition - Bridgewater's growth in China contrasts sharply with the struggles faced by many international asset management firms, which are either underperforming or unable to capture market share from local giants [6][10]. - Competitors like D.E. Shaw and Two Sigma manage only 5 to 10 billion yuan, significantly less than Bridgewater's assets [6]. - The high demand for Bridgewater's products has led to a competitive environment, with banks like China Merchants Bank and CITIC Bank limiting the amount clients can invest, further fueling investor frustration [3][11]. Group 3: Brand Recognition and Leadership - Brand recognition and strong performance are key factors driving capital inflow into Bridgewater's funds in China, despite the absence of founder Ray Dalio in daily operations [7]. - The current CEO, Nir Bar Dea, continues to lead the firm, maintaining its positive outlook on the Chinese market [7]. Group 4: Investor Sentiment and Behavior - Investors are increasingly willing to hold Bridgewater funds due to their low drawdown and stable returns, reflecting a desire for security in investment choices [12]. - The competitive nature of acquiring Bridgewater funds has led to a surge in demand, with reports of significant oversubscription for new fund offerings [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant performance of Bridgewater's fund products, particularly in the context of rising gold prices, which have contributed to their outperformance against the market. The article emphasizes the growing interest in gold as a strategic asset for both institutional and individual investors amid economic uncertainties and inflation concerns [3][4][8]. Group 1: Bridgewater Fund Performance - Bridgewater's China products achieved a return of 47% from early 2023 to the end of 2024, significantly outperforming the Shanghai Composite Index, which rose only 7.3% during the same period [3]. - Gold played a crucial role in Bridgewater's all-weather strategy, with domestic gold prices increasing by 49.6%, contributing to the fund's strong performance [4]. - From mid-2022 to the end of 2023, gold allocation contributed at least 21.62% to Bridgewater's product returns, while the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 12.51% [8]. Group 2: Gold as an Investment - The World Gold Council suggests that gold should transition from a short-term tactical tool to a long-term strategic asset, recommending a "gold+" strategy with over 5% allocation to stabilize short-term volatility and enhance long-term returns [7]. - Gold has outperformed most asset classes since 2023, with returns of 17% in 2023, 28% in 2024, and 26% in 2025 (as of August 19) [9]. - The global demand for gold surged, with investment demand reaching 1,029 tons in the first half of the year, a year-on-year increase of 118% [20]. Group 3: Institutional Interest in Gold - Increasingly, domestic asset management institutions are recognizing the importance of gold in asset allocation, with nearly 45% of 515 FOF products holding gold ETFs [14]. - Insurance asset management companies are also incorporating gold into their portfolios, with some allocating up to 30% to gold [15]. - The anticipated policy changes could bring approximately 200 billion yuan into the gold market from insurance companies, given their total asset scale of around 20 trillion yuan [16]. Group 4: Market Dynamics and Future Outlook - The article notes that gold has risen by 200% over the past decade, with a 92% increase since 2023, driven by geopolitical risks, declining global interest rates, and a weakening dollar [10][11]. - UBS has raised its gold price forecast for June 2026 from $3,500 to $3,700 per ounce, citing lower opportunity costs for holding gold amid inflation and interest rate expectations [24]. - The article suggests that investors should consider a 5% allocation to gold in their portfolios to enhance diversification and hedge against risks [24].