戴康 CFA 广发证券发展研究中心 董事总经理（MD）、首席资产研究官 邮箱：daikang@gf.com.cn 报告摘要 ● 全球大类资产表现与宏观交易主线：（8.11-8.19），权益类资产明显跑赢大宗商品与债券，投资者策略上倾向继 续增加权益风险敞口，而债市则保持防守与等待。 从宏观层面看，全球市场风险偏好中枢波动抬升，但有边际回落 扰动需要关注。国际市场方面，前期美俄会谈促进风险偏好回升，同时通胀数据披露后市场对美联储9月降息的预期 抬升，但8月19日晚间受本周五鲍威尔将在全球央行年会讲话的避险预期抢跑影响，美国市场的降息预期有所回落， 市场有较大震荡，同时受MIT的AI泡沫报告与Altman的AI泡沫言论影响，美股科技板块有较大回撤，市场情绪有边 际恶化倾向。国内市场方面，当前市场在外部环境较缓和背景下，视线更多集中在居民"存款搬家"现象下国内权益 市场的优异表现。国内"反内卷"政策成效逐步显现，加之关税忧虑略有缓解、地缘冲突缓和迹象，提振了整体风险 偏好，股债跷跷板行情演绎，"存款搬家"进入股市大背景下，国内债市行情整体偏弱。另外，提醒关注本周香港 Hibor利率快速回升使得港币流动性收紧及港币兑 ...

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The rebound in bond market volatility is more influenced by institutional behavior. If the gradually decreasing rebound highs of long - term interest rates can be verified, the "downward triangle" pattern is still a signal for trading or allocation, and the configuration window is opening [3][5][18]. - In the second half of the year, with the decrease in government bond issuance after August, the re - brewing of policy rate cuts, and the realization of fundamental pressure, there is still a possibility of opening up the downward space for interest rates. The improvement of expectations has begun, but the market still needs to return to the actual operation of the debt cycle and growth cycle [3][11]. - Monetary policy is still in the "waiting period", emphasizing the implementation of previous policies, and subsequent operations are still being brewed. The policy has no intention to actively guide the yield to rise [4][13]. - Liquidity remains stable and loose in the third quarter, and the stability of funds and short - term bonds is the moat for the current bond market [4][16]. 3. Summary by Related Content Bond Market Situation - Short - term bond market trends are still under pressure. It is important to verify the gradually decreasing rebound highs of long - term interest rates. The judgment that "the probability of long - term yield decline has not substantially decreased, and the odds have increased during the adjustment" still holds [3][5][11]. - The debt cycle is in the "clearing stage". The government is in the "leveraging up" stage, while the debt cycles of enterprises and residents still need to be cleared. The improvement of expectations is manifested in the rebound of risk appetite [3][11]. - The rebound in bond market volatility is mainly due to institutional behavior. The intraday fluctuations of active bonds have significantly increased, which is a manifestation of the stock game characteristics of trading desks. The repair of the Treasury bond term spread is obvious, indicating that the odds are increasing [5][18]. Monetary Policy - Monetary policy is in the "waiting period". The tone has changed from "implement well" to "implement in detail", emphasizing the implementation of previous policies. The subsequent aggregate - level monetary policy operations are still being brewed [4][13]. - The policy mentions "preventing capital idling" again and does not mention "Treasury bond trading". The policy's demand for yield is relatively neutral and has no intention to actively guide the yield to rise [4][13]. - The central bank's view on prices also focuses on the impact of "governing the disorderly low - price competition of enterprises" [13]. Liquidity - Liquidity in the third quarter is likely to remain stably loose. The stability of funds and short - term bonds is the moat for the bond market. The point - in - time fluctuations of the current capital market still follow the trajectory of 2022. The incremental investment of long - term liquidity through repurchase in August and the expected increase in the investment of structural monetary policy in the third quarter support the view that the capital market is loose [4][16].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No specific industry investment rating was provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In the financial futures market, the market sentiment is positive, and the profit - making effect persists. The long position in the CSI 300 Index IF2509 can be held. In the commodity futures market, lithium carbonate and polysilicon are likely to rise in the short term[1]. - The stock index may continue to fluctuate upward in August under the influence of policy support, the recovery of corporate earnings from the bottom, and abundant liquidity. The bond market is in a volatile pattern with potential upward pressure and significant long - term risks[1]. - Gold prices have strong support, and silver maintains a long - position pattern. Copper, aluminum, nickel, and other non - ferrous metals are in a volatile pattern. Lithium carbonate is bullish, and polysilicon has support at the bottom[1][4][5][6]. - Steel products such as rebar, hot - rolled coils, and iron ore are in a volatile pattern. Coke and coking coal are cautiously bullish. Soda ash and float glass are in a volatile pattern[5][6][7]. - Crude oil is in a short - term bearish pattern. Methanol, polyolefin are in a volatile pattern. Cotton is in a bearish pattern, and rubber is cautiously bullish[9]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Financial Futures 3.1.1 Stock Index - The market sentiment is positive, with the ChiNext Index leading the rise on Monday. The trading volume of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets expanded to 1.85 trillion yuan. Industries such as computers, communications, and electronics led the gains, while the banking, petrochemical, and coal sectors declined slightly. The stock index futures rose with the spot market, and the basis discount of each contract was repaired. With policy support, the recovery of corporate earnings from the bottom, and abundant liquidity, the stock index may continue to fluctuate upward in August. It is advisable to hold a long - position mindset and pay attention to the progress of Sino - US trade negotiations and the effect of anti - involution policies[1]. 3.1.2 Treasury Bond - The bond market sentiment is weak, and the long - end pressure continues. The inflation performance is average, the real estate expectation has improved, and the anti - involution expectation persists. The overseas trade relationship is still volatile, and there is uncertainty. The central bank has a net withdrawal in the open market, and the cost of funds has slightly recovered but remains at a low level. The bond market has support under the liquidity support, but the potential positive factors are limited, and the negative factors are increasing. The market sentiment is fragile, and the valuation is high, so there is still pressure above the bond futures, especially for long - term bonds[1]. 3.2 Commodity Futures 3.2.1 Precious Metals - Gold prices are supported by factors such as the risk of stagflation in the United States, interest - rate cut expectations, the debt cycle, and the US dollar credit. Although the gold price encountered resistance and pulled back when testing the pressure level again, the support below is still strong. The gold - silver ratio still has room for repair, and the long - position pattern of silver is clear. It is recommended to continue holding the short - position of out - of - the - money put options on the 10 - contract of gold and silver, and patiently hold the long - position of silver[4]. 3.2.2 Non - Ferrous Metals - **Copper**: The copper price is affected by factors such as general inflation performance, improved real estate expectations, and volatile overseas trade relations. The Fed's interest - rate cut expectation is strong, but the inflation impact persists, and the US dollar index has risen slightly. The supply and demand situation is complex, with some copper mines in Chile resuming production while others near the accident site remaining closed. The domestic demand in the peak season has optimistic expectations, but the US copper import demand may be weak. The copper price may continue to fluctuate[4]. - **Aluminum and Related Products**: The macro - environment is similar to that of copper. The alumina supply is expected to be in surplus, and the inventory of Shanghai aluminum is accumulating, but the seasonal pressure may gradually decrease. The supply increase is limited due to capacity constraints. The aluminum alloy is in a situation of weak supply and demand, and the price is expected to be in a volatile range[4]. - **Nickel**: The supply of nickel ore is relatively abundant, the price of nickel iron has strengthened slightly, the intermediate product capacity is still sufficient, and the refined nickel is in a clear surplus with high inventory. Affected by positive factors such as the Fed's interest - rate cut expectation, the extension of the Sino - US tariff truce, and the promotion of anti - involution policies, the nickel price has rebounded from a low level, but the surplus fundamentals limit the upside. It is expected to continue to fluctuate in the short term, and the short - option strategy is relatively advantageous[6]. 3.2.3 Energy and Chemicals - **Lithium Carbonate**: The shutdown of the Jiaxiaowo Mine has boosted market sentiment, and the lithium price is likely to rise in the short term. However, the probability of all 7 lithium - related mines in Yichun shutting down is low, and the high - price lithium salt has stimulated the production enthusiasm of the smelting sector, leading to the accumulation of inventory. Attention should be paid to the impact of the shutdown cycle of the Jiaxiaowo Mine on market expectations[6]. - **Silicon - related Products**: The supply of industrial silicon has recovered, and the supply and demand of polysilicon are relatively balanced in the short term. The price of polysilicon has been pushed up by downstream replenishment inquiries, and the market has support at the bottom[6]. - **Crude Oil**: Geopolitical factors such as the US sanctions on India for importing Russian oil and China's reduction in Saudi crude oil purchases have affected the market. The market's expectation of oil prices has further cooled, and the oil price is likely to be weak in the short term under the background of increasing supply[9]. - **Methanol**: The supply pressure in coastal areas is increasing, with the expected increase in imports in August and September. If the coastal methanol can flow inland, the supply pressure will be relieved, and the futures price is expected not to fall below 2300 yuan/ton. The price will rise again as the import volume decreases in the fourth quarter[9]. - **Polyolefin**: The suspension of Sino - US tariffs may be extended, which is beneficial to the market sentiment. However, the supply is expected to be loose with the restart of some maintenance devices and the launch of new devices, which limits the significant rise of prices[9]. 3.2.4 Steel and Minerals - **Rebar**: The spot price of rebar is strong, but the marginal pressure has emerged. The anti - involution long - term logic still holds. The support of coking coal prices and the high enthusiasm of blast - furnace production support the steel - making cost. The rebar futures price is expected to run in the range of [3150, 3300]. It is recommended to hold the short - position of out - of - the - money put options on RB2510P3000 and consider the arbitrage opportunity of going long on 01 iron ore/coking coal and shorting 01 rebar[5][6][7]. - **Hot - Rolled Coils**: The spot price of hot - rolled coils is strong, but the marginal pressure has emerged. The anti - involution long - term logic still holds. After the end of the phased environmental protection restrictions, the steel mills will actively resume production, which is conducive to supporting the price of furnace materials and the steel - making cost. The hot - rolled coil futures price is expected to run in the range of [3350, 3500]. It is recommended to wait for the further accumulation of fundamental contradictions or the clarification of policy, and consider the arbitrage opportunity of going long on 01 iron ore/coking coal and shorting 01 hot - rolled coils[5][6][7]. - **Iron Ore**: The supply - demand structure of imported iron ore has weakened marginally, but the current steel mills' profits are good. Once the phased environmental protection restrictions end, the steel mills will increase production, which will support the demand for iron ore. The price of the 01 - contract of iron ore is expected to be volatile and slightly stronger in the short term. It is recommended to participate in the arbitrage opportunity of going long on iron ore and shorting rebar in the 01 - contract[7]. 3.2.5 Coke and Coking Coal - **Coking Coal**: The self - inspection of coal mine production by the Energy Bureau will last until August 15, and there is an expectation of production suspension for over - producing mines. The supply of raw coal is expected to be tightened, which supports the coal price. However, the enthusiasm for pithead auction quotes has weakened marginally, and there is a risk of short - term over - rise in the expectation - driven market[7]. - **Coke**: The spot price of coke has increased for the sixth time, and the coking profit has continued to repair. However, most coking enterprises are still at the break - even point, and the enthusiasm for further increasing production is limited. The in - furnace demand for coke still has support, but there is an expectation of production restrictions in the Beijing - Tianjin - Hebei region in the middle and late of this month, and the spot market may stabilize[7]. 3.2.6 Soda Ash and Float Glass - **Soda Ash**: The fundamental driving force is downward, with the daily production of soda ash rising to 108,500 tons, and the demand being weaker than the supply. The alkali plant's inventory has continued to accumulate. However, the anti - involution long - term logic still holds, and the short - term price decline has slowed down. It is recommended to exit the short - position of the 09 - contract opportunistically[7]. - **Float Glass**: The rigid demand for glass has not improved significantly, and the speculative demand is weak. The production - sales ratio of float glass in four major regions has been below 100% since August, and the glass factory is expected to continue to accumulate inventory. However, the anti - involution long - term logic still holds, and there is an expectation of policy support. It is recommended to exit the short - position of the 9 - contract opportunistically and be relatively optimistic about the 01 - contract[7]. 3.2.7 Agricultural Products - **Cotton**: The new cotton in the main producing areas is growing well, and the probability of a bumper harvest has increased. However, the downstream replenishment is cautious, and the market expectation is pessimistic. Whether the开机率 can return to a high level in the peak season from September to October remains to be seen. The cotton price is in a weak trend[9]. - **Rubber**: The inventory in Qingdao bonded areas and general trade has decreased rapidly, the tire enterprises' production is active, and the terminal automobile market consumption is stimulated by policies. The demand expectation is turning positive. Although the main producing countries are in the traditional production - increasing season, the raw material output rate is lower than expected, and the natural rubber fundamentals are continuously improving. The rubber price is expected to maintain a volatile rebound pattern this week[9].

Group 1: Market Performance - The A-share market has outperformed GDP growth for four consecutive quarters since Q3 2024, marking the first time since the second half of 2021[3] - The probability of the stock market outperforming GDP in China since 2000 is approximately 32%, with an average duration of about 6 quarters[4] - In contrast, the U.S. stock market has outperformed GDP over 60% of the time since 2000, indicating a stronger correlation between stock performance and economic growth in the U.S.[4] Group 2: Economic Context - The report emphasizes the importance of nominal GDP in the context of inflation and debt cycles, suggesting that nominal GDP reflects the economic value created across industries[3] - The analysis introduces a two-dimensional framework of real GDP and inflation, indicating that stock market outperformance is more likely during periods of "volume increase and price decrease" or "simultaneous volume and price increase"[4] - Historical examples show that when real GDP rises and the GDP deflator remains low, the probability and duration of stock market outperformance increase, as seen in the U.S. during the 1990s tech boom[7] Group 3: Factors Influencing Stock Performance - The report identifies two main factors contributing to stock market outperformance: earnings expectations (E) and non-earnings factors (PE) such as market sentiment and liquidity[4] - In the current context, the A-share market's outperformance is notable due to significant re-inflation pressures, which is relatively rare based on historical precedents[5] - The report suggests that future market trends could follow two paths: a technology-driven slow growth route or a cyclical recovery route with rising real GDP and inflation[10]

Group 1 - Billionaire investor Ray Dalio warns that the U.S. is heading towards a debt crisis, with national debt having doubled over the past 20 years to approximately $37 trillion, and annual interest payments now around $1 trillion [1][2] - Dalio compares the debt situation to a ship heading towards rocks, indicating that while politicians recognize the danger, they are reluctant to make necessary changes due to fears of angering voters [1] - In his new book, Dalio describes the debt issue as rapidly spreading like an aggressive cancer, suggesting that the U.S. government's debt situation is nearing an irretrievable state, leading to a potential "death spiral" for the economy [2] Group 2 - The U.S. government's projected revenue for the year is about $5 trillion, while expenditures are expected to reach $7 trillion, resulting in a $2 trillion deficit and an additional $1 trillion needed for debt interest payments [2] - Dalio emphasizes that higher deficits may force the Treasury to issue more bonds to finance spending and interest payments, which could lead to a decrease in demand for these bonds and an increase in interest rates, creating a typical "debt death spiral" [2] - Other economists echo Dalio's concerns, warning that government interest payments could become so large that it may necessitate tax increases or cuts to social services to manage the debt [3]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the banking industry [7] Core Insights - The overall non-performing loan (NPL) ratio of listed banks has shown a steady decline since 2021, with a potential hidden NPL ratio of approximately 5 basis points by the end of 2024 [4][10] - Credit costs have been decreasing, leading to a robust provisioning buffer, with the provisioning coverage ratio and loan-to-provision ratio standing at 238% and 2.93% respectively as of Q1 2025 [4][10] - The report emphasizes that the current asset quality pressure on banks is expected to be better than in previous cycles, primarily due to the diversified nature of household loans and supportive regulatory policies [9][10] Summary by Sections Understanding the Relationship Between Economic Debt Cycles and Banking Risk Cycles - The report discusses how the debt of the real economy corresponds to the assets of banks, with credit expansion flowing from banks to the economy and risk exposure arising from debt risks in the economy [9][16] Historical Overview of Excess Capacity and Non-Performing Loans - From 2008 onwards, the banking sector experienced a cycle of rising non-performing loans, particularly in the corporate sector, driven by excess capacity and deteriorating profitability [21][27] - The macro leverage ratio increased significantly during 2009 and 2012-2014, with corporate sectors being the main contributors to this leverage [21][25] Current Debt Cycle and Asset Quality - The report indicates that while household sector risks are still evolving, the asset quality pressure on banks is expected to be more manageable compared to previous cycles [9][10] - The provisioning levels remain robust, with a significant decline in credit costs, indicating a strong safety net for banks [4][10] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on high-dividend banks in anticipation of a potential reduction in insurance premium rates, recommending banks such as China Construction Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China [10] - It also highlights the strong performance of small and medium-sized banks, suggesting continued interest in banks like Industrial Bank and CITIC Bank based on various factors including valuation and dividend yield [10]

Introduction - The current global environment is characterized by a "chaotic period" as the old order is being disrupted and the new order is not yet clear [3][11] - The recommended asset allocation strategy is a "global barbell strategy" that is anti-fragile and based on an all-weather approach [3][11] 2025H1 Overseas Asset Market Review - The narrative of American exceptionalism is fading, facing three major challenges: the emergence of Deepseek affecting US-China tech narratives, concerns over fiscal tightening due to Musk's Doge initiative, and uncertainties from tariff policies [3][12] - Non-US assets have generally outperformed US assets in the first half of 2025 [12] Winning Probability - Global growth is expected to slow down in the second half of 2025, with the growth momentum between the US and non-US regions likely to converge [15] - Factors causing marginal changes include policy uncertainty damaging market confidence and delayed expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts [24] - The overall economic headwinds for the US may ease compared to the first half of the year, but recession risks remain [44] Odds - US assets are currently overvalued compared to non-US assets, indicating asymmetric risks [5][45] - The implied risk pricing for US assets does not adequately reflect the potential for recession, suggesting a need for caution [45][46] Outlook for 2025H2: Global Asset Allocation - The global asset allocation should still follow the anti-fragile "barbell strategy," focusing on three core contradictions: de-globalization, debt cycles, and AI industry trends [72][75] - The strategy involves investing in a majority of low-risk assets while allocating a smaller portion to high-risk, high-reward assets [75] - Specific recommendations include over-allocating to Chinese government bonds and emerging markets in Southeast Asia, while maintaining a cautious stance on US equities due to potential volatility [75][88][104]

Core Viewpoint - The current transition between old and new orders is in a "chaotic period," suggesting that a "global barbell strategy" based on an all-weather approach is recommended for portfolio construction, focusing on Chinese assets for the second half of the year [3][10][14]. Group 1: Overview of the Current Situation - The core contradiction in the domestic macroeconomic environment remains the debt cycle, with China having passed the peak of the current debt cycle and entering a contraction phase [3][27]. - The transition from "passive leverage" to "de-leveraging" is ongoing, characterized by a decrease in total debt service relative to GDP while total debt remains elevated [3][37]. Group 2: Historical Context and Credit Pulse Conditions - Historical analysis indicates that conditions triggering credit pulses during debt contraction periods include a significant easing of monetary policy, which can alleviate the debt burden on the private sector [4][38]. - The relationship between nominal GDP growth and policy interest rates serves as a leading indicator for economic conditions, with a stable or expanding gap between the two indicating potential internal demand stimulation [38][39]. Group 3: Investment Strategy for the Second Half - The focus for Chinese assets should be on maximizing the "win rate," with fixed income expected to outperform equities and commodities during the debt contraction phase [6][61]. - The strategic asset allocation should favor high dividend and high-value factors while reducing exposure to high-growth factors in the A-share market [73][74]. Group 4: Risk and Pricing Assessment - The overall pricing of Chinese assets appears reasonable, with the equity risk premium (ERP) reflecting the structural transformation of the economy [48][59]. - The current yield curve should steepen, with short-term rates expected to decline more than long-term rates, indicating better value in short-term debt [52][53].

Core Viewpoint - The current transition between old and new orders is in a "chaotic period," suggesting a need for a "global barbell strategy" for asset allocation, focusing on Chinese assets in the second half of the year [3][10][14]. Group 1: Overview of the Current Situation - The core contradiction in China's macroeconomic environment remains the debt cycle, with the country having passed the peak of the current debt cycle and entering a contraction phase [3][27]. - The transition from "passive leverage" to "de-leveraging" is ongoing, characterized by a decrease in total debt service relative to GDP while total debt increases [3][37]. Group 2: Historical Context and Credit Pulse Conditions - Historical analysis indicates that conditions triggering credit pulses during debt contraction periods include a significant easing of monetary policy [4][38]. - The relationship between nominal GDP growth and policy interest rates serves as a leading indicator for economic trends, with a need for sustained monetary easing to alleviate private sector debt burdens [5][39]. Group 3: Investment Strategy for the Second Half - The focus for Chinese assets should be on maximizing "win rates," with fixed income expected to outperform equities and commodities during the debt contraction phase [6][61]. - Strategic asset allocation should favor high dividend and high-value factors while reducing exposure to high-growth factors in A-shares [6][73]. Group 4: Risk and Pricing Assessment - The overall pricing of Chinese assets appears reasonable, with the current equity risk premium reflecting the structural transformation of the economy [5][48]. - The yield curve is expected to steepen, with short-term debt offering better risk-adjusted returns compared to long-term debt [5][52][53].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the transition period between the old and new global order, emphasizing the need for a "global barbell strategy" for asset allocation in response to the current chaotic environment. It highlights that the key to success in the second half of 2025 lies in understanding the win rates for Chinese assets and the odds for U.S. assets [3][11]. Group 1: 2025H1 Overseas Asset Market Review - The narrative of American exceptionalism is fading, challenged by three main factors: the emergence of Deepseek affecting U.S.-China tech narratives, concerns over U.S. fiscal tightening led by Musk's Doge initiative, and the introduction of reciprocal tariffs increasing uncertainty around U.S. dollar hegemony [3][12]. - Non-U.S. assets outperformed U.S. assets in the first half of 2025, indicating a shift in market dynamics [12]. Group 2: Win Rates - Global growth is expected to slow down in the second half of 2025, with the growth momentum between the U.S. and non-U.S. regions likely to converge [15]. - The introduction of tariffs and the subsequent easing of these measures have led to a shift in market expectations regarding U.S. economic performance, with potential recession risks still looming [19][44]. Group 3: Odds - U.S. assets are currently overvalued compared to non-U.S. assets, indicating asymmetric risks that investors should be cautious of [5][45]. - The article warns that the pricing of U.S. assets does not adequately reflect the risks of a potential recession, suggesting that the market is underestimating the structural risks associated with U.S. economic policies [46][94]. Group 4: Outlook for 2025H2 - The global asset allocation strategy should continue to focus on the "global barbell strategy," which balances low-risk assets with high-risk, high-reward investments [72][75]. - The article identifies three core contradictions driving the new investment paradigm: rising anti-globalization, debt cycle misalignment, and the accelerating trend of AI industries [9][72]. - Specific asset classes recommended include Chinese government bonds, gold, and equities from emerging markets, particularly in Southeast Asia, which are expected to benefit from the ongoing global economic shifts [88][104].