Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the accelerated development and application of digital currencies globally, particularly focusing on the importance of establishing a self-controlled cross-border payment system for the Renminbi (RMB) to enhance financial security and support the internationalization of the RMB [2][4]. Summary by Sections Global Digital Currency Landscape - The global development and application of digital currencies have entered a fast track, with major economies accelerating their Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) layouts [4]. - The evolving international geopolitical landscape has made financial infrastructure security a crucial component of national security [4]. RMB Internationalization and Cross-Border Payment System - The 20th National Congress report of the Communist Party of China calls for the orderly promotion of RMB internationalization, while the 14th Five-Year Plan suggests enhancing capital account openness and building a self-controlled cross-border payment system for the RMB [4]. - A multi-channel and widely covered RMB cross-border payment system has been largely established, highlighting its strategic significance for financial security and international financial discourse [4]. Challenges in Cross-Border Payments - Cross-border payments face challenges such as high costs, low efficiency, lack of transparency, and limited access, primarily due to long payment chains, high compliance costs, and insufficient trust among entities [4]. - Ongoing geopolitical tensions further increase uncertainties in cross-border payments [4]. Strategic Importance of Self-Controlled Payment Systems - Establishing a self-controlled RMB cross-border payment system is crucial for ensuring financial security, supporting RMB internationalization, and enhancing international financial influence [4]. - In the context of global payment systems facing geopolitical risks, a self-controlled RMB cross-border payment system can inject new vitality into RMB internationalization [4]. Call for Contributions - The editorial team of Tsinghua Financial Review has initiated a call for papers to explore the strategic positioning, technological pathways, and institutional arrangements of digital RMB in the cross-border payment system [5]. - The aim is to provide forward-looking insights and policy recommendations for the stable and long-term internationalization of the RMB and participation in global financial governance reform [5]. Submission Guidelines - The submission should be original and unpublished, with a suggested word count of 4,000 to 6,000 words, including charts and graphs [8]. - The deadline for submission is December 15, 2025, with specific formatting and content requirements outlined [10].

Core Insights - Chinese automotive companies are exploring new strategies for international expansion, particularly focusing on Indonesia for mining opportunities rather than just vehicle sales [1][38]. - The approach emphasizes long-term investment and establishing a solid foundation for future growth rather than immediate profits [2]. Group 1: Market Conditions in Indonesia - Indonesia is characterized by poor transportation infrastructure and low national income, with Java Island, which occupies only 6.6% of the country's area, housing 150 million people [5][11]. - Jakarta, the capital, has been identified as the most congested city globally, with drivers averaging 32,800 brake applications per year, significantly higher than the global average of 18,000 [6][8]. - The majority of the population relies on motorcycles for transportation due to inadequate public transport options, leading to a high prevalence of motorcycle ownership [6][10]. Group 2: Economic Landscape - A significant portion of the Indonesian population lives in poverty, with 8.47% classified as poor, spending less than 609,160 Indonesian Rupiah (approximately 200-300 RMB) per month [11][13]. - The economic structure is fragile, with 24.42% of the population unable to cover basic expenses and 49.29% classified as near-middle class, spending between 2.6 million to 6 million Indonesian Rupiah (approximately 1,200-2,800 RMB) [13]. - The wealth distribution is heavily skewed, with less than 1% of the population classified as wealthy, indicating a challenging market for high-end automotive products [13]. Group 3: Regulatory Environment - Chinese companies must establish local entities and meet specific capital requirements, including a minimum registration capital of 100 billion Indonesian Rupiah (approximately 4.5 million RMB) [16]. - The "localization rate" requirement mandates that foreign companies produce or source a significant portion of their components locally to benefit from policy incentives [16]. Group 4: Competitive Landscape - Japanese automotive brands dominate the Indonesian market, with Toyota leading sales figures, while Chinese brands like BYD and Wuling rank lower in market share [17][20]. - The long-standing presence of Japanese companies provides a reference point for Chinese firms entering the market [20]. Group 5: Strategic Collaborations - Chinese automotive companies are forming partnerships with local firms to enhance market entry, such as the CKD (Completely Knocked Down) assembly model adopted by several brands [32]. - Collaborations extend to local component sourcing and employment generation, which helps in meeting localization requirements and reducing operational costs [33][37]. Group 6: Resource Opportunities - Indonesia is rich in nickel resources, essential for stainless steel and battery production, making it a strategic location for Chinese companies focused on electric vehicles [41][44]. - The partnership with Indonesia in nickel mining is crucial for securing supply chains and supporting the growth of the Chinese electric vehicle industry [44][45]. Group 7: Future Prospects - The Indonesian government aims to produce 600,000 electric vehicles by 2030, indicating a growing market for electric vehicles [39]. - The collaboration between Chinese companies and Indonesia in the mining sector could enhance the international standing of the Chinese currency, the Renminbi, in global trade [46][47].

Core Viewpoint - Qingdao Bank is enhancing its cross-border financial services and supporting foreign trade development through the launch of the CIPS direct access system, aiming to facilitate local brands' global expansion [1][3]. Group 1: International Business Development - As of November 18, 2025, Qingdao Bank's international business scale is set to exceed $20 billion, representing a 40% year-on-year growth, serving over 5,000 enterprises [3]. - The cross-border RMB settlement volume has surpassed 50 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 52% [3]. Group 2: CIPS Direct Access Launch - The CIPS system, approved by the People's Bank of China, provides secure, efficient, and low-cost cross-border payment services, marking a significant upgrade in Qingdao Bank's cross-border RMB service capabilities [3][4]. - Qingdao Bank is the first legal entity bank in Shandong to obtain direct access to the CIPS system, enabling point-to-point, real-time cross-border RMB clearing [3][4]. Group 3: Collaborative Support and Future Plans - The event received strong support from CIPS, government, and regulatory bodies, with participation from over ten domestic and foreign financial institutions and more than fifty key enterprises [6]. - Qingdao Bank plans to optimize its cross-border financial products and services using the CIPS system, aiming to contribute to the internationalization of the RMB and a new high-level opening-up framework [6].

| | | 为丰富香港高信用等级人民币金融产品，完善香港人民币收益率曲线，根据中国人民银行与香港金融管理局签署的《关于使用债务工具中央结算系统发行 中国人民银行票据的合作备忘录》，2025年11月24日（周一）中国人民银行将通过香港金融管理局债务工具中央结算系统（CMU）债券投标平台，招标 发行2025年第八期和第九期中央银行票据。 【导读】中国人民银行11月24日将在香港招标发行450亿元两期中央银行票据 人民币重磅消息来了！ 11月20日，中国人民银行官网发布中央银行票据发行公告〔2025〕6号。公告显示，中国人民银行11月24日将在香港招标发行450亿元两期中央银行票据。 | | | | | 中国人民银行 | 货币政策司 | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | THE PEOPLE'S BANK OF CHINA | Monetary Policy Department | | | | | | | | | 信息公开 | | 新闻发布 ...

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) will issue 450 billion RMB in two phases of central bank bills in Hong Kong on November 24, 2025, to enhance the offshore RMB financial product offerings and improve the RMB yield curve in Hong Kong [2][3]. Group 1: Issuance Details - The eighth phase of the central bank bill has a term of 3 months (91 days), with a fixed interest rate and a total issuance of 300 billion RMB, starting from November 26, 2025, and maturing on February 25, 2026 [4]. - The ninth phase of the central bank bill has a term of 1 year, also with a fixed interest rate, with a total issuance of 150 billion RMB, starting from November 26, 2025, and maturing on November 26, 2026 [4]. Group 2: Market Impact - The issuance of these central bank bills is expected to regulate offshore RMB liquidity and is a crucial tool for the PBOC's exchange rate stabilization policy. The bills have been well-received by various types of investment institutions, with bidding multiples generally exceeding 2 times [5]. - The issuance of offshore central bank bills helps to enrich RMB investment options in the offshore market, enhancing the stability and safety of investors' asset allocations, especially amid ongoing global trade uncertainties [5]. - The PBOC has established a regular mechanism for issuing central bank bills in Hong Kong, which is significant for consolidating Hong Kong's status as an international financial center and promoting the internationalization of the RMB [5].

Core Insights - China UnionPay and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) have launched multi-currency debit and credit cards in Turkey, enhancing global payment options for local residents and supporting bilateral trade and the internationalization of the Renminbi [1][2] Group 1: Partnership and Product Launch - The collaboration between China UnionPay and ICBC marks a significant milestone in their strategic partnership, focusing on the Turkish market [1][2] - The newly launched debit card supports five currencies: Renminbi, Turkish Lira, British Pound, US Dollar, and Euro, facilitating transactions for cardholders globally [2] Group 2: Market Impact and Future Plans - The issuance of UnionPay cards in Turkey responds to the demand for improved payment convenience for foreigners visiting China and aims to enhance cross-border financial connectivity [2] - UnionPay has established a comprehensive local payment service network in Turkey over nearly two decades, achieving widespread acceptance among local merchants and ATMs [2] - Future plans include deepening collaboration with local partners to improve cross-border payment services and contribute to the Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey's "Middle Corridor" initiative [2]

Core Insights - Emerging technologies such as blockchain and smart contracts are driving the development of digital currencies, reshaping the underlying logic of payment systems, and providing innovative opportunities for cross-border payment clearing through Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) [1] Traditional Cross-Border Payment Clearing System Challenges - The traditional cross-border payment clearing system, primarily based on the correspondent banking model, faces significant challenges including slow transaction speeds, high costs, lack of transparency, insufficient market coverage, and geopolitical risks [2][3][4] - Cross-border clearing is slow, taking at least 1 to 3 business days due to multiple intermediaries and varying operational hours across countries [2] - High costs are associated with the correspondent banking model, with global remittance costs reaching 6.3% in 2023, driven by various operational and compliance costs [2] - Transparency issues arise from the independent systems of different banks and institutions, leading to difficulties in tracking transactions and resolving disputes [3] - The traditional system's reliance on SWIFT for information flow exposes it to geopolitical risks, as seen in the U.S. leveraging SWIFT for sanctions [4] Current Research on CBDCs Improving Cross-Border Payment Clearing - CBDCs, issued by central banks, can be categorized into wholesale and retail types, with the latter aimed at enhancing domestic payment efficiency and the former focused on improving cross-border payments [5] - A significant majority (91%) of surveyed central banks are engaged in CBDC-related work, with many countries entering trial phases [5] - Three interoperability models for wholesale CBDCs are identified: compatibility, interconnection, and a single multi-currency payment system [6] Effectiveness of the mBridge Project in Improving Cross-Border Payment Clearing - The mBridge project, initiated by several central banks, aims to create a multilateral cooperation mechanism for cross-border payment clearing using distributed ledger technology [7][8] - The project has evolved from bilateral CBDC corridors to a standardized multilateral CBDC corridor network, allowing for direct currency exchanges and faster transaction times [8][10] - The average transaction time on the mBridge network is significantly reduced to 6-9 seconds compared to traditional systems [10] Cost Analysis of Cross-Border Payments - The mBridge project aims to reduce various cost components associated with traditional cross-border payments, including backend operational costs, foreign exchange risk costs, liquidity costs, and compliance costs [11][12][14] - The backend operational costs, which account for 27% of total costs, are expected to decrease due to improved synchronization of funds and information [12] - Foreign exchange risk costs, currently at 15%, are also anticipated to decline as participants can view real-time exchange rates [12] - Liquidity costs, which traditionally require banks to pre-fund accounts, will be reduced as mBridge allows for real-time settlement [13] - Compliance costs may rise due to the complexity of regulatory frameworks across different jurisdictions [14] Future Outlook and Strategic Recommendations - The increasing demand for optimized cross-border payment environments necessitates the development of CBDCs, with a focus on enhancing the international role of the renminbi [15] - Recommendations include accelerating the establishment of multilateral cooperation mechanisms for cross-border payments and promoting the internationalization of the renminbi through digital currency applications [16][17]

高盛闭门会-脉动中国-详解 10 月经济数据，五大投资主题 20251119 摘要 中国固定资产投资（FAI）数据下滑，部分原因是统计局主动挤出水分， 并不完全反映经济活动的减弱。水泥需求与官方数据对比显示过去存在 高报现象，需关注数据质量而非单纯增速。 10 月工业增加值低于预期，受季节性因素和出口相关电子产品拖累影响。 社会零售额增速小幅下降，双十一促销提前及去年高基数效应是主要原 因，预计 11 月增速可能持续疲软。 房地产市场面临挑战，新开工和竣工项目大幅收缩，二手房价格加速下 行。未来需适度宽松政策，如降低存量房贷利率、加快城中村改造等， 以缓解市场压力。 货币政策方面，央行更注重中长期调节而非短期刺激，关注银行净息差 问题。短期内大规模增量政策可能性较低，或在明年初进行政策宽松， 需关注 12 月中央经济工作会议。 央行管理利率差距，保持政策利率与市场利率稳定。人民币呈现缓步升 值趋势，央行推动人民币国际化和资本市场开放，外汇管理和汇率稳定 至关重要。 Q&A 近期中国的固定资产投资（FAI）数据表现如何？其背后的原因是什么？ 近期中国的固定资产投资（FAI）数据表现不佳，连续三四个月低于市场预期 ...

下一步，中国工商银行将密切联动标银集团，不断强化人民币跨境结算及支付清算体系建设，为中南、 中非经贸往来提供更加安全、优质、便捷的人民币清算服务，为推动中非合作高质量发展贡献力量。 人民网约翰内斯堡11月19日电 (张茜)近日，中国工商银行依托与标准银行集团(标银集团)以股权为纽带 的战略合作伙伴关系，成功推动南非标准银行CIPS(人民币跨境支付系统)境外直参行项目正式投产落 地，并担任该项目唯一资金托管行，实现了人民币清算网络在非洲地区的重大突破。 2025年6月，南非标准银行正式签约成为CIPS直接参与者，成为非洲地区首家具备CIPS直参行资格的本 土银行。中国工商银行积极发挥自身科技与人民币业务优势，密切联动南非标准银行推进项目联测，顺 利完成相关系统设置，并协助南非标准银行于2025年11月6日顺利获得南非央行系统上线批准。目前， 南非标准银行CIPS系统已成功上线，首笔大额人民币业务支付顺利完成，标志着该行正式成为非洲地 区首家上线运营的CIPS本土直参行。 作为标银集团最大单一股东，中国工商银行积极推动南非标准银行以直参方式加入CIPS，全力支持项 目申设及系统对接开发工作，助力完善非洲地区人民币 ...

Macro Research - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes a strategic upgrade in high-level opening-up, transitioning from factor-driven to rule-based openness, enhancing China's voice and rule-making power in global economic governance [1] - Key focus areas during the "14th Five-Year" period include steady progress in RMB internationalization, diverse regional opening layouts, increased openness in the service sector, deepening institutional opening, and differentiated cooperation in multilateral trade [1] Company Research Zhejiang Dingli (603338.SH) - Zhejiang Dingli achieved operating revenue of 6.67 billion yuan in Q1-Q3 2025, a year-on-year increase of 8.8%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.59 billion yuan, up 9.2% year-on-year [2] - The company maintains profit forecasts for 2025-2027 at 2.07 billion, 2.41 billion, and 2.75 billion yuan, with corresponding EPS of 4.08, 4.75, and 5.44 yuan [2] - The high-altitude machinery market has significant growth potential, with a recovery in overseas shipments expected to boost profit margins [2] Xunwei Communication (300136.SZ) - Xunwei Communication has entered the North American AI hardware supply chain, maintaining a leading position in commercial satellites [3] - The company is optimistic about its competitive edge in mature businesses and the growth potential in satellite communication, AI hardware, LCP, BTB, and automotive connectivity [3] - Current market valuation corresponds to PE ratios of 38X, 34X, and 30X for 2025-2027, maintaining a "buy" rating [3] Baidu Group-SW (9888.HK) - Baidu's AI ecosystem value is expected to be re-evaluated, with AI native advertising enhancing traditional search ad monetization [4] - The company has a healthy net cash flow, and its "Luo Bo Kuaipao" business model has been validated with accelerating order growth [4] - Profit forecasts for 2025-2027 are set at 18.2 billion, 20.5 billion, and 23 billion yuan, with current PE ratios of 15x, 14x, and 12x [4] Xiaomi Group (1810.HK) - Xiaomi's automotive business achieved its first quarterly profit, but the mobile and automotive gross margins may face pressure due to rising upstream costs and intensified market competition [5] - The company maintains a Non-IFRS net profit forecast of 42.6 billion yuan for 2025, while lowering 2026-2027 forecasts to 43.8 billion and 51 billion yuan [5] - Xiaomi's long-term growth logic is supported by its multi-device strategy in the AI era, high-end positioning, and overseas expansion [5]