加拿大之所以出台这样针对中国的政策，与美加之间持续不断的贸易摩擦密切相关。今年6月中旬，美国再次挥动关税大棒，对加拿大 的钢铁、铝制品等商品开出最高50%的惩罚税率。加拿大政府原以为，满足特朗普的要求，就能换来些许宽容，于是迅速取消了对美国 科技企业的数字服务税，并承诺增加国防与边境安全预算。然而结果却不尽如人意，7月10日，特朗普公开宣布，自8月起对加拿大商品 加征35%的关税 ，还直言不讳地批评加拿大在芬太尼问题上不配合。 据新京报报道，当地时间7月16日，加拿大财政部网站发布公告，宣布一系列加严钢铁进口限制措施。消息一出，国际舆论一片哗然， 中加经贸关系也因此蒙上一层阴影。 加拿大此次加严钢铁进口限制措施，主要针对对象便是中国。根据规定，自8月1日起，对自美国以外国家进口的含有在中国熔化和浇铸 钢铁的产品，将征收25%的附加税。不仅如此，加拿大还对钢铁进口配额进行了严格限制，要求中国今年出口到加拿大的钢铁产品不能 超过去年进口量的一半，超出部分还要额外征收50%的关税 。 值得一提的是，美国在这一系列政策中得到了完全豁免。2024年，加拿大钢铁进口总额为160亿美元，其中接近一半来自美国，而中国 只占1 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. government has issued ultimatums to several countries regarding new tariffs, with Brazil facing a potential 50% tariff on imports, highlighting the arbitrary nature of the "America First" policy [1] - Despite the pressure, global capital markets have shown resilience, reaching recent and historical highs, indicating a shift in how countries respond to U.S. tactics [1] - Brazil's President Lula criticized the U.S. for a lack of respect and emphasized that U.S.-Brazil trade constitutes only 1.7% of Brazil's GDP, indicating Brazil's ability to withstand U.S. pressure [1] Group 2 - European leaders, including French President Macron and Danish Foreign Minister Rasmussen, have expressed strong dissatisfaction with U.S. tariff threats and emphasized the need for credible countermeasures [2] - The European Commission has prepared a list of countermeasures worth €93 billion while prioritizing negotiations to resolve disputes [2] - Japan's Prime Minister has stated the importance of standing firm on national interests, even among allies, reflecting a broader sentiment among nations facing U.S. pressure [2] Group 3 - The U.S. is attempting to pressure other countries to sign "anti-circumvention clauses" to prevent them from using third countries to bypass tariffs on China, indicating a strategic approach to contain China [3] - China has firmly opposed any agreements that sacrifice its interests for tariff reductions, signaling a strong stance against U.S. tactics [3] - Some economies are attempting to align with the U.S. against China, but this has resulted in diminished status and losses in credibility and benefits [3] Group 4 - The BRICS summit in Rio de Janeiro focused on opposing unilateralism and protectionism, with a declaration expressing serious concern over rising unilateral tariffs and non-tariff measures [4] - The collective condemnation from multiple economies is seen as essential to countering U.S. bullying and restoring balance in international trade [4] - The need for unified action among countries is emphasized to protect their interests and return to cooperative economic development [4]

Core Viewpoint - Canada announced new tariffs on steel imports, particularly targeting products containing Chinese steel, citing protection of domestic industries. This move is seen as a violation of WTO rules and a form of unilateralism and protectionism, which China strongly opposes [1]. Group 1: Canada's Tariff Measures - Canada will expand the scope of steel import tariff quotas and tighten existing quotas, imposing additional taxes on imports outside the quota starting August 1 [1]. - A 25% additional tax will be levied on products imported from countries other than the U.S. that contain steel melted and poured in China [1]. Group 2: China's Response - China expressed strong dissatisfaction and opposition to Canada's unilateral measures, arguing that they disrupt international trade and harm China's interests [1]. - The Chinese government pointed out that the main issue affecting Canada's steel industry is the unilateral tariff measures imposed by the U.S., and criticized Canada for shifting the blame to other trade partners, including China [1]. - China urged Canada to correct its actions and stop the restrictive measures to maintain the integrity of multilateral trade systems and the overall economic relationship between China and Canada [1].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce emphasizes its commitment to maintaining a multilateral trade system and expanding a high-standard free trade zone network globally, amidst challenges posed by unilateralism and protectionism [1] Group 1 - The global governance landscape is undergoing reconstruction during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with economic globalization facing headwinds [1] - Unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, significantly impacting the international economic order and governance system [1] - China aims to promote both multilateral cooperation and regional cooperation as complementary strategies [1]

相关链接 金十数据7月17日讯，7月17日，商务部部长王文涛在京会见南非贸易、工业和竞争部部长帕克斯·陶。 双方围绕共同应对当前国际贸易局势挑战，加强两国在双多边贸易投资等领域合作深入交换意见。王文 涛表示，在两国元首的战略引领下，中南双方密切协作，双边经贸关系取得了跨越式发展。中方愿同南 方一道，继续挖掘双边贸易潜力，鼓励中国企业赴南投资，深化两国产供链合作，并拓展新能源、数字 经济等领域合作。当前，全球经济秩序遭受单边主义、保护主义严重冲击。希望中南继续加强在世贸组 织、二十国集团、金砖国家等多边框架下沟通协调，共同维护以世贸组织规则为基础的多边贸易体制。 （商务部） 商务部部长王文涛会见南非贸易、工业和竞争部部长帕克斯·陶 ...

Group 1 - Economic globalization is an inevitable trend driven by the development of social productivity and technological progress, not artificially created by specific individuals or countries [1][2][3] - The essence of economic globalization is characterized by the free flow of goods, capital, information, and services globally, which enhances cooperation and mutual benefits among countries [3][4] - The historical context shows that the significant achievements in economic development and social progress over the past decades are due to the embrace of economic globalization, learning from past conflicts [2][3] Group 2 - Economic globalization is crucial for enhancing people's welfare, as it has led to the rise of global production systems, economic prosperity, and a decrease in global poverty rates [4][6] - The current global economic landscape is marked by challenges such as unilateralism and protectionism, which threaten the progress of economic globalization [5][6] - There is a need for innovation in the concepts, models, and cooperation mechanisms of economic globalization to address its negative impacts and ensure it benefits all nations [6][7] Group 3 - The direction of economic globalization should focus on inclusivity and mutual benefits, addressing the disparities caused by global resource allocation [7][8] - Open economies are essential for national progress, as evidenced by China's development trajectory, which has been significantly influenced by its openness to global markets [9][10] - China has actively participated in and supported economic globalization, contributing to global economic stability and development through various initiatives and reforms [10][11]

Group 1 - The U.S. is threatening to impose a 500% tariff on Chinese goods, which could lead to significant price increases for American consumers, with estimates suggesting an additional $2,000 per household annually and a potential inflation spike of 2.8% [4][5] - The U.S. trade with Russia is minimal, with a projected trade value of only $3.12 billion in 2024, making the proposed 100% tariff largely ineffective [4][5] - Historical precedents indicate that trade wars have no winners, with past tariffs leading to significant declines in U.S. exports and job losses [5] Group 2 - The proposed tariffs could severely impact American consumers, with costs for products like cars and electronics expected to rise dramatically, ultimately burdening the average citizen [7] - Supply chain disruptions are anticipated, as companies like Nike and Tesla may need to adjust production lines, leading to increased labor costs in Southeast Asia [7] - The unilateral approach by the U.S. could undermine WTO rules, with warnings from the WTO Director-General about the potential for a "dark moment" in global trade [7]

《坚定不移推进高水平对外开放》：中国坚持经济全球化正确方向 反对"筑墙设垒"、"脱钩断链"，反 对单边制裁、极限施压 金十数据7月15日讯，《求是》杂志将发表中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平的重要文 章《坚定不移推进高水平对外开放》。文章强调，经济全球化是社会生产力发展的客观要求和科技进步 的必然结果，为世界经济增长提供了强劲动力，促进了商品和资本流动、科技和文明进步、各国人民交 往。当前，单边主义、保护主义加剧，多边主义、自由贸易受到严峻挑战。中国坚持经济全球化正确方 向，推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，反对保护主义，反对"筑墙设垒"、"脱钩断链"，反对单边制裁、极 限施压。坚持真正的多边主义，推动普惠包容的经济全球化，积极参与全球经济治理，致力于建设开放 型世界经济。 （新华社） ...

Core Viewpoint - China's foreign trade maintained resilience in the first half of the year, achieving total growth, quality improvement, and controllable variables despite a complex international environment [1][4]. Group 1: Total Growth - In the first half of the year, China's total import and export volume reached 21.79 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.9%, with the growth rate accelerating by 0.4 percentage points compared to the first five months [1]. - Exports exceeded 13 trillion yuan for the first time in history during the same period, showing a rapid growth of 7.2% year-on-year [1]. - Imports totaled 8.79 trillion yuan, experiencing a year-on-year decline of 2.7%, but the decline was narrowed by 1.1 percentage points compared to the first five months [1]. - The second quarter saw a year-on-year growth of 4.5% in total trade, accelerating by 3.2 percentage points from the first quarter, marking seven consecutive quarters of growth [1]. Group 2: Quality Improvement - Chinese foreign trade enterprises have capitalized on the global energy transition trend, increasing the supply of high-quality green products and exploring new fields [2]. - Exports of electromechanical products reached 7.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.5%, accounting for 60% of total exports [2]. - High-end equipment related to new productive forces grew by over 20%, while "new three samples" products representing green and low-carbon initiatives increased by 12.7% [2]. Group 3: Controllable Variables - China expanded its trade partnerships, with imports and exports to over 190 countries and regions increasing, and the number of trading partners with a trade volume exceeding 50 billion yuan rising to 61, an increase of five compared to the previous year [2]. - Trade with traditional markets like the EU, Japan, and the UK grew, while emerging markets contributed significantly, with imports and exports to Africa and Central Asia increasing by 14.4% and 13.8% year-on-year, respectively [2]. - The fluctuation in import growth is attributed to uncertainties in international trade policies and falling prices of bulk commodities, which significantly impact China's import growth [3].

Core Insights - In the first half of the year, China's total goods trade import and export value reached 21.79 trillion yuan, marking a historical high for the same period, with a year-on-year growth of 2.9% [1] - Exports amounted to 13 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%, while imports were 8.79 trillion yuan, showing a decline of 2.7% [1] - The second quarter saw a 4.5% year-on-year growth in trade, accelerating by 3.2 percentage points compared to the first quarter, maintaining growth for seven consecutive quarters [1] Trade Performance - Exports of electromechanical products reached 7.8 trillion yuan, up 9.5% year-on-year, accounting for 60% of total exports [1] - High-end equipment related to new productive forces grew by over 20%, while "new three samples" products, representing green and low-carbon initiatives, increased by 12.7% [1] - The import growth was driven by domestic demand expansion, with significant increases in imports of petrochemical, textile, and machinery equipment, as well as key electronic components and important raw materials like crude oil and metal ores [1] Trade Entities and Partners - There were 628,000 foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance, surpassing 600,000 for the first time, an increase of 43,000 from the previous year [2] - Private enterprises accounted for 547,000, with a 7.3% growth in import and export, making up nearly 60% of the total trade value [2] - Trade with countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative reached 11.29 trillion yuan, a growth of 4.7%, representing 51.8% of total trade value [2] Economic Outlook - The overall performance of China's foreign trade in the first half of the year was characterized by stable growth in scale and improved quality, despite challenges from global unilateralism and protectionism [2] - Recent trade talks in Geneva and London have shown positive progress, with a recovery in China-U.S. trade, as June's import and export value exceeded 350 billion yuan, significantly narrowing the year-on-year decline [2]