Core Viewpoint - Federal Reserve Governor Kugler did not comment on FOMC monetary policy or the U.S. economy [1] Group 1 - The lack of commentary from Kugler may indicate a cautious approach towards future monetary policy decisions [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's Daly stated that both the U.S. economy and the FOMC's monetary policy are currently in a good state [1] Group 1 - The U.S. economy is performing well, indicating stability and growth potential [1] - The FOMC's monetary policy is also described as being in a favorable condition, suggesting effective management of economic conditions [1]

Economic Overview - The Federal Reserve has maintained the federal funds rate in the range of 4.25% to 4.5% for the fourth consecutive time since the end of 2024, reflecting a cautious approach amid economic uncertainties [3][4] - The U.S. economy has shown resilience with a projected GDP growth rate of approximately 2.8% for 2024, despite challenges, and the unemployment rate remained low at 4.2% in December 2024 [4][5] - Inflation remains a concern, with the core PCE price index dropping to 2.1% in early 2024 but rebounding to 2.8% by May 2025, prompting the Fed to adopt a wait-and-see approach [4][5] Monetary Policy Dynamics - The Fed's dual mandate focuses on maximizing employment and maintaining price stability, leading to a shift from aggressive rate hikes to a more cautious stance [5] - Following a series of rate increases from near-zero to a peak of 5.33%, the Fed has since implemented three rate cuts in 2024, bringing the current rate to 4.25% to 4.5% [5] - Economic forecasts for 2025 indicate a GDP growth adjustment from 1.7% to 1.4% and a slight rise in unemployment to 4.5%, highlighting the need for careful policy balancing [5][6] External Influences - Global economic uncertainties, particularly changes in trade policies and tariffs, have impacted the Fed's decision-making process, necessitating a cautious approach to rate adjustments [6] - The Fed's policy contrasts with other central banks, which have initiated rate cuts, reflecting the relative strength of the U.S. economy and the dollar's status as a global reserve currency [6] Market Reactions - Following the Fed's decision on June 18, 2025, U.S. stock markets reacted moderately, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average rising by 0.2% and the S&P 500 slightly declining by 0.03% [7] - Market expectations suggest two potential rate cuts in 2025, with probabilities of maintaining rates in July at 89% and a 61% chance of a cut in September [7] Impact on Consumers - The current interest rate environment, while lower than 2023 peaks, remains high, affecting borrowing costs for consumers, particularly in housing and auto loans [8] - The average 30-year mortgage rate stood at approximately 6.7% in March 2025, significantly higher than 3.0% in 2021, leading to reduced demand in the housing market [8] - High interest rates benefit savers with yields above 4% on high-yield savings accounts, but potential future rate cuts may compress these returns [8] Future Outlook - The Fed's cautious stance is expected to continue into the latter half of 2025, with core inflation projected to rise to 3.1% and unemployment slightly increasing [9] - The Fed's policy will remain flexible, adapting to economic data and external factors, including geopolitical risks and climate change [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article indicates that the U.S. economy is showing signs of a downward trend, but the probability of a significant downturn is low. Key indicators across employment, inventory, investment, consumption, and financial conditions suggest a weakening economic structure [2]. Group 1: Employment Market - The employment market is experiencing structural weakening, with a significant cooling in supply-demand relationships. Job openings are at 4.4%, below the 12th percentile since 2018, indicating weaker labor demand compared to pre-pandemic levels [5][20]. - Labor supply is also weak, with a participation rate of 62.4%, which is below the 38th percentile since 2018. The labor market's supply-demand gap is at 1.0, indicating a significant cooling [21]. - Leading indicators suggest a downward trend in the employment market, with rising unemployment claims pointing towards an increase in the unemployment rate [23]. Group 2: Inventory - The U.S. is currently in a weak inventory replenishment cycle, with inventory growth turning positive in 2024 but at a low rate. The manufacturing PMI has been fluctuating around 50, indicating alternating active and passive replenishment [6][27]. - Three leading indicators suggest a low probability of large-scale inventory replenishment in the near future, with the manufacturing PMI indicating weak inventory investment [30]. Group 3: Private Sector Investment - Non-residential investment is expected to continue declining in the next six months, with leading indicators such as manufacturing PMI and new orders showing weakness [7][34]. - In the real estate sector, weak demand, high inventory, and elevated financing costs are expected to hinder improvement in real estate investment [39]. Group 4: Consumer Spending - Consumer income growth is slowing, with disposable income growth recorded at 4.2% in Q1 2025, below the historical average of 5.2% [10][58]. - The wealth effect is diminishing, with a significant drop in excess wealth from $14.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion, a decrease of 26% [65]. - Despite reduced consumer spending capacity, the health of household balance sheets remains strong, with low leverage and manageable interest payment burdens [73]. Group 5: Financial Conditions - Financial conditions are currently in a loose state, with the Bloomberg Financial Conditions Index turning positive again after a tightening period due to tariff policies [78]. - The Chicago Fed's National Financial Conditions Index also indicates a loose financial environment, remaining at the 42nd percentile since 2018 [80].

美联储FOMC声明及主席鲍威尔新闻发布会要点总结：维持利率不变 点阵图显示预计年内将降息两次 ①美联储将基准利率维持在4.25%-4.50%不变，自1月以来第四次决定维持利率不变。 ②美联储点阵图显示，2025年预计将降息两次，预计2026年和2027年各降息25个基点。 ③鲍威尔表示，当前的政策立场做好灵活应对准备。 ④鲍威尔表示，美联储认为维持当前利率水平是适当的。 ⑤鲍威尔表示，终有一天美联储可能会达到一个适合降息的位置。 ⑥鲍威尔表示，关税预期的上升使美联储对持续降息持更为谨慎的态度。 ⑦鲍威尔表示，当前的货币政策已略微收紧，仍适度具有限制性。 ⑧鲍威尔表示，美联储货币政策必须具有前瞻性。 ⑨鲍威尔表示，加息并非基本预期。 二、通胀方面 ①FOMC经济预期显示，2025、2026、2027年底核心PCE通胀预期中值分别为3.1%、2.4%、2.1%。 ②鲍威尔表示，通胀水平一直略高于2%。 ③鲍威尔表示，预计5月份总体PCE上涨2.3%，核心指数上涨2.6%。 ④鲍威尔表示，通胀数据温和部分源于房地产市场降温。 ⑤鲍威尔表示，美联储预期未来几个月内通胀将会显著上升。 ⑥鲍威尔表示，与2024年9月降息 ...

美联储主席鲍威尔：美国经济抵御了各种预期的疲软，表现强劲。 ...

Economic Overview - In May, U.S. retail sales fell by 0.9%, worse than the expected decline of 0.6%, primarily due to a drop in automotive and parts consumption[4] - Industrial production decreased by 0.2% in May, below the market expectation of 0%, with utilities experiencing a significant drop of 2.9%[4] Retail Sector Insights - Automotive sales continued to decline, dropping from 5.3% in March to -3.5% in May, reflecting a weakening demand for durable goods[4] - Non-durable goods consumption showed signs of recovery, with clothing and online shopping sales increasing from 0% and 0.4% in April to 0.8% and 0.9% in May, respectively[4] Inflation and Federal Reserve Outlook - Inflation is expected to rebound in Q3 due to rising oil prices and tariff impacts, despite a general economic slowdown[1] - The Federal Reserve is anticipated to maintain interest rates steady in June and July, with potential rate cuts in September and either November or December[1]

Employment Market - The employment market is showing structural weakness, with a significant cooling in supply-demand relationships. The job vacancy rate is currently at 4.4%, which is at the 12th percentile since 2018, slightly below the 4.5% average from 2018-2019[3] - The labor force participation rate is at 62.4%, at the 38th percentile since 2018, indicating weaker labor supply compared to pre-pandemic levels[3] - The ratio of job vacancies to unemployment (V/U) is currently at 1.0, at the 6th percentile since 2018, reflecting a significant cooling in labor market supply-demand relationships[3] Inventory and Investment - The U.S. is currently in a weak inventory replenishment cycle, with inventory year-on-year growth turning positive in 2024 but at a weak pace[5] - Leading indicators suggest that non-residential investment may continue to decline in the next six months, as manufacturing PMI and new orders are both weak[6] - The probability of large-scale inventory replenishment by businesses in the U.S. is low, as indicated by three leading indicators: manufacturing PMI, OECD leading indicators, and the self-inventory to customer inventory ratio[8] Consumer Spending - Consumer spending capacity is weakening, with disposable income growth slowing to 4.2% in Q1 2025, below the 5.2% average from 2018-2019[10] - The wealth effect has diminished significantly, with excess wealth dropping from $14.9 trillion in Q4 2024 to $11.1 trillion in Q1 2025, a decline of 26%[10] - Despite reduced spending capacity, the risk of consumer liquidity issues is low due to healthy household balance sheets and low interest payment pressures[11] Financial Conditions - Financial conditions are currently in a loose state, as indicated by the Bloomberg Financial Conditions Index and the Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI)[12] - Recent fluctuations in financial conditions were influenced by tariff policies, but conditions have returned to a more accommodative stance since early May 2025[12]

Core Viewpoint - Cathie Wood, founder of Ark Invest, predicts that the U.S. economy will face deflationary pressures [1] Group 1: Economic Outlook - The U.S. economy is expected to experience deflation, which could impact consumer spending and investment [1] - Wood emphasizes that technological advancements and productivity improvements are key factors contributing to this deflationary trend [1] Group 2: Investment Implications - The anticipated deflation may lead to a shift in investment strategies, favoring growth-oriented sectors that can thrive in a low-inflation environment [1] - Ark Invest is likely to focus on sectors such as technology and innovation, which are expected to benefit from the deflationary pressures [1]

Group 1 - Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, indicated that the impact of government spending and monetary policy supporting the U.S. economy during the pandemic has faded, making the U.S. more susceptible to economic downturns in the coming months [1] - Dimon expressed skepticism about survey data showing consumer and business confidence, stating that "real data may soon deteriorate" and that the outlook for a "soft landing" for the U.S. economy may appear weaker in the future [1] - Recent economic data showed a slowdown in job growth and inflation in May, with Dimon predicting a slight decline in employment and a small increase in inflation [1] Group 2 - Other bank executives echoed Dimon's cautious outlook, with Wells Fargo's CFO Mike Santomassimo predicting that consumer loan growth will level off or potentially decline by the end of the year [2] - Citigroup's banking head Vis Raghavan mentioned that the bank is preparing to set aside more reserves for potential loan losses due to a possible decline in consumer financial health [2] - The World Bank's latest Global Economic Prospects report downgraded growth expectations for 70% of the global economy, including the U.S. and Europe, from pre-Trump levels [2]