Macro Strategy - Trump's intervention in the independence of the Federal Reserve is expected to occur through three main avenues: nominating a compliant Fed Chair, adjusting the personnel structure of the Fed Board, and intervening in the appointment of regional Fed presidents [1][18] - With the new Fed Chair's appointment, Trump is anticipated to have greater influence, potentially leading to more aggressive rate cuts than currently priced in by the market, with the policy rate possibly falling below the neutral level of 3% [1][18] Economic Commentary - In August, both domestic and external demand weakened, leading to a situation where supply adjustments lag behind demand, reinforcing a short-term scenario of strong supply and weak demand [2][19] - The industrial production growth rate remained above 5%, indicating resilience in the supply side despite a slight decline, while GDP growth is expected to remain around 5% in Q3 [2][19] - The divergence between supply and demand is unsustainable, and if demand does not strengthen, supply is likely to follow suit, leading to greater pressure on GDP in Q4 compared to Q3 [2][19] Fixed Income Market - The market is seeing an increase in expectations for the resumption of "government bond trading," with significant liquidity measures being implemented, including a 1 trillion yuan reverse repo operation [4][22] - The anticipated resumption of government bond trading could stabilize bond yields and further lower financing costs for the real economy [4][22] Industry Analysis - The battery sector is expected to see price increases for energy storage cells, marking the end of a three-year deflation period, with leading companies like CATL and others showing strong performance [15] - The report highlights a positive outlook for the battery sector, particularly for companies with low valuations and strong earnings potential, such as Tianqi Lithium and others [15] - The solid-state battery segment is also emphasized as a key area for investment, with companies like Xiamen Tungsten and others being recommended [15]

Macro Strategy - Trump's intervention in the independence of the Federal Reserve is expected to occur through three main avenues: 1) appointing a Fed chair who is loyal to him, anticipated to be nominated in November and take office in May next year; 2) restructuring the Fed Board to eliminate dissenting members and install loyalists; 3) influencing the appointment of regional Fed presidents whose terms expire in February [1][20]. - With the new Fed chair's appointment, it is projected that the Fed will have a more significant influence on monetary policy, potentially leading to a greater than expected rate cut in 2026, with policy rates possibly falling below the neutral level of 3% [1][20]. Economic Data Analysis - In August, both domestic and external demand weakened, with supply adjustments lagging behind demand, reinforcing a short-term scenario of strong supply and weak demand. Specifically, investment has shown negative growth for two consecutive months, and retail sales growth has been declining since May [2][21]. - The divergence between supply and demand is expected to yield three outcomes: 1) GDP growth will align more closely with supply data, with Q3 GDP growth projected around 5%; 2) the current supply exceeding demand may increase price pressures, necessitating stronger policy support for price recovery; 3) if demand does not strengthen, supply will likely follow suit, leading to greater pressure on Q4 GDP compared to Q3 [2][21]. Industry Insights - The gaming industry in H1 2025 has shown strong performance, driven by innovative categories such as "micro-horror search and escape" and "overseas SLG," which have positively impacted the performance and valuation of corresponding companies [15]. - In the shipbuilding sector, new ship price indices remain high, and the merger of major shipbuilding companies is nearing completion, suggesting a favorable outlook for companies like China Shipbuilding [15]. - The environmental sector is seeing advancements in pricing mechanisms for renewable energy, particularly in waste-to-energy projects, which could enhance the economic viability of green electricity supply [17][18].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report The timing for the central bank to restart treasury bond trading opportunistically may be gradually maturing. If restarted, it may take forms such as "buying short and selling long" (though "selling long" may not be necessary currently), directly "buying short", or moderately lengthening the duration of purchased treasury bonds. The impact on the market is expected to be relatively neutral [7][8][10]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Treasury Bond Trading Expected to Restart Opportunistically - From January to August 2025, the central bank suspended treasury bond trading operations for eight consecutive months. Currently, considering the treasury bond yield situation and the subsequent government bond issuance plan, the timing for restarting treasury bond trading may be gradually maturing. The current 10 - year treasury bond active bond yield has reached 1.80%, which opens up space for the restart. From the perspective of central bank - fiscal coordination, restarting treasury bond trading can enhance bond market liquidity and reduce fiscal financing costs [7][16][17]. 3.2 Possible Forms of Restarting Treasury Bond Trading 3.2.1 The Initial Operation Form of Treasury Bond Trading in 2024: "Buying Short and Selling Long" - In August 2024, the central bank announced treasury bond trading in the open market, specifically "buying short - term treasury bonds from some primary dealers in the open market and selling long - term treasury bonds". The central bank borrowed long - term bonds from some institutions for selling. However, currently, "selling long" may not be necessary as the policy - end demand for regulating treasury bond yields is not strong, and "selling long" may have a greater impact on short - term treasury bond yields [18][19][23]. 3.2.2 Similar to the Latter - Half Operation Form of Treasury Bond Trading in 2024: Directly "Buying Short" - In the latter half of 2024, the central bank may have directly "bought short". There were many treasury bonds with a maturity of less than 1 year. If the central bank directly "buys short" this year, the large - scale net purchase of short - term treasury bonds by large banks since early June can smooth the impact on the secondary market [24][27][29]. 3.2.3 The Central Bank May Moderately Lengthen the Duration of Purchased Treasury Bonds - From the perspective of stabilizing the central bank's treasury bond holding scale and improving the term arrangement of liquidity injection, the central bank may moderately lengthen the duration of purchased treasury bonds. The maturity of purchased treasury bonds does not lead to the central bank's liquidity withdrawal [34][35]. 3.3 The Impact of Restarting Treasury Bond Trading on the Market May Be Relatively Neutral - The central bank is expected to balance the liquidity injection of multiple tools. The current adjustment of the bond market is not mainly due to monetary policy. If short - term treasury bonds are purchased, the large - scale net purchase of short - term treasury bonds by large banks can buffer the impact. Primary dealers may play a role in stabilizing market fluctuations [10][37][41].

Macro Strategy - Trump's intervention in the independence of the Federal Reserve is expected through three main avenues: nominating a chairman aligned with his interests, restructuring the board to include loyalists, and influencing the appointment of regional Fed presidents [1] - The anticipated changes in the Fed's leadership could lead to a more accommodative monetary policy, with potential interest rate cuts exceeding current market expectations, possibly resulting in a shift from a soft landing to moderate economic expansion in the U.S. [1] Economic Data Review - In August, both domestic and external demand weakened, leading to a situation where supply adjustments lag behind demand, reinforcing a short-term scenario of strong supply and weak demand [2][3] - Investment has shown negative growth for two consecutive months, while retail sales growth has been declining since May, indicating a comprehensive weakening of demand [2] - Despite the demand weakness, supply remains high, with industrial and service production growth rates above 5%, suggesting that GDP growth may align more closely with supply data [2] Financial Market Insights - The market is increasingly anticipating the resumption of "government bond trading," with expectations rising for the end of the year, which could stabilize bond yields and further lower financing costs for the real economy [4][5] - The recent financial data indicates a seasonal rebound, but loan demand remains weak, which could lead to a decline in social financing growth and M2 money supply growth [4][6] Industry Insights - The renewable energy sector is seeing improvements in pricing mechanisms that facilitate local consumption of green electricity, which is expected to benefit companies involved in waste-to-energy and SAF production [10] - The construction materials industry is advised to focus on domestic demand changes, with expectations of a recovery in retail construction materials as the market adjusts [11][12] - The public utilities sector is recommended for investments in companies like South Grid Energy and South Grid Storage, which are expected to benefit from new pricing mechanisms and increased demand for energy storage [13] Automotive Sector - The automotive sector is entering a new phase, with a focus on electric and intelligent vehicles, and recommendations for increasing exposure to companies benefiting from these trends [15][16] - The recent government initiatives aim to stabilize growth in the automotive industry, with a focus on both scale and quality [15] Non-Banking Financial Sector - The non-banking financial sector is characterized by low average valuations, presenting opportunities for investment, particularly in insurance and securities [20] - The insurance sector is expected to benefit from economic recovery and rising interest rates, while the securities sector is poised for growth due to favorable market conditions [20] Coal Industry - The coal industry is entering a seasonal downturn, with expectations of fluctuating prices due to reduced demand as temperatures drop [21] - Recommendations include focusing on resilient coal companies that can withstand market pressures [21] Oil and Gas Sector - The oil and gas sector is facing challenges with OPEC+ increasing production, leading to a decline in international oil prices [25] - Companies involved in oil exploration and production are recommended for investment, given the potential for price recovery in the long term [25]

Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry Overview - The focus is on the bond market and macroeconomic conditions in China, particularly in relation to interest rates and economic growth forecasts [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **Economic Data Predictions**: August economic data is expected to weaken due to factors like anti-involution policies, but a rebound may occur in September due to seasonal end-of-quarter effects. If the current pace of industrial value-added growth is maintained, it could exceed 6% for the year, with GDP growth projected above 5% [1][4][5]. 2. **Bond Market Performance**: The bond market is currently underperforming, influenced by seasonal institutional behaviors and regulatory pressures. However, there may be opportunities in the fourth quarter [6]. 3. **Impact of New Lending Regulations**: New regulations on centralized lending are expected to have limited short-term negative effects but aim to improve market mechanisms in the long term, benefiting short-selling activities [7]. 4. **Conditions for Resuming Government Bond Trading**: The resumption of government bond trading is contingent on factors such as Sino-US relations, economic fundamentals, fiscal expansion, and financial risks. There is a high necessity for this to occur within the year [8][9]. 5. **Market Impact of Resuming Bond Trading**: Resuming government bond trading is seen as a positive development for the market, increasing demand for bonds, providing medium to long-term liquidity, and reducing costs for financial institutions, which helps stabilize market expectations [10]. 6. **Social Financing Data**: Recent social financing data shows a decline in growth for August, raising concerns about whether this trend will continue and if local government debt funds will be disbursed early in the fourth quarter [11]. 7. **Trends in Deposits**: There is a notable decrease in resident deposits below seasonal norms, while non-bank deposits have surged, primarily due to the expansion of wealth management products leading to financial disintermediation. This trend should not be simplistically interpreted as funds moving into the stock market [12][13]. Additional Important Insights - **Investment Strategy Recommendation**: In the current high-interest rate environment, a barbell strategy is recommended for investment portfolios, focusing on medium to high-grade credit bonds for the short term and long-term government bonds for flexibility [2][14]. Specific recommendations include 25T6 for three-year government bonds and 250,215 for ten-year bonds from the China Development Bank [2][14].

Economic Indicators - The weekly ECI supply index is at 50.04%, up 0.01 percentage points from last week, while the demand index is at 49.91%, also up 0.01 percentage points[6] - The monthly ECI supply index decreased by 0.03 percentage points from August, while the demand index increased by 0.01 percentage points[7] - The construction sector shows improvement with a significant increase in infrastructure workload in early September, with a year-on-year improvement in construction activity[6] Market Trends - The ELI index remains stable at -0.69%, indicating rising market expectations for the resumption of government bond trading[11] - Despite seasonal recovery in August financial data, new loan demand remains weak, posing risks to social financing growth and M2 supply[14] - The real estate market shows signs of recovery, with a 6.8% increase in transaction area in major cities compared to a -9.9% decline in August[6] Consumer Behavior - Passenger car retail sales in early September show a decline of 10.0% year-on-year, with average daily sales recorded at 43,483 units[21] - The consumer price index for key monitored vegetables is at 5.11 yuan/kg, reflecting a slight increase[38] Investment Insights - The operating rate for asphalt plants increased by 6.80 percentage points to 34.90%, indicating a recovery in infrastructure investment[26] - The average price of ordinary Portland cement is recorded at 272.80 yuan/ton, showing a slight increase[27] Export Performance - The export growth rate for South Korea in early September is at 3.80%, recovering from a previous decline[32] - The Shanghai export container freight index decreased to 1398.11 points, down 46.33 points from the previous week[33] Monetary Policy - The central bank conducted a net monetary injection of 196.1 billion yuan this week, with a total reverse repurchase operation of 1.2645 trillion yuan[41] - The 10-year government bond yield increased slightly to 1.8650% from 1.8466% at the beginning of the week[41] Risk Factors - Uncertainties remain regarding U.S. tariff policies and the sustainability of real estate market improvements[48]

固收- 宽松预期再升温？20250909 摘要 尽管美联储降息可能为中国央行提供宽松空间，但 2025 年外部均衡压 力较小，中国央行是否跟随降息将更多取决于国内稳增长和防风险的需 求，中美货币政策相关性可能减弱。 市场对央行重启国债买卖存在预期，但目前通过买断式回购和 MLF 等工 具已能满足流动性投放需求，且收益率曲线形态变化不大，重启国债买 入的迫切性和必要性相对较低。 在市场平稳且收益曲线变化不大的情况下，央行没有必要改变目前的利 率水平，但若权益市场走强导致资金分流或银行负债端压力上升，央行 可能重启买债以稳定市场。 2025 年二季度后，中国经济内需偏弱，融资需求下滑，有必要通过总 量层面的进一步加码来稳增长，若未来宽松政策兑现，将对市场形成阶 段性的行情驱动。 当前股市上涨动力有所缓和，权益牛市尚未显著影响债市情绪，只要银 行负债端保持稳定，在宽松预期支撑下，债市大幅调整的可能性较小。 Q&A 近期市场对于宽松预期再度升温，您能否详细分析一下海外降息预期对国内货 币政策的影响？ 从历史来看，中美货币政策周期存在一定的同步性。2019 年和 2024 年的两 轮降息周期中，美联储降息后，中国央行也 ...

广发证券 资深宏观分析师 钟林楠 zhonglinnan@ gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 9 月 4 日，央行发布公告指出，为保持银行体系流动性充裕，中国人民银行将于 2025 年 9 月 5 日以固定 数量、利率招标、多重价位中标方式开展 10000 亿元买断式逆回购操作，期限为 3 个月（ 91 天），对此 我们有以下理解： 第一， 这是一次例行操作。今年 6 月起，买断式逆回购操作模式由此前的"一月一次、月末披露操作结果"变 为"灵活开展，提前预告"，其中 6 月和 8 月各有两次操作，分别在上旬和中旬； 7 月有一次操作，在中 旬。此次操作类似于 6 月和 8 月的上旬操作。 第二， 1 万亿元的操作规模属于等量续作，符合季节性规律，即仅从此次操作无法看出政策态度。今年 6 月 6 日央行曾开展 1 万亿元买断式逆回购操作，期限为 3 个月， 9 月 5 日到期，同日央行开展 1 万亿元操作 等量对冲，对狭义流动性不会产生额外影响。由于月初流动性在财政支出、银行指标考核压力减缓背景下常季 节性宽松，央行月初操作多是净回笼或等量对冲，所以这次操作没有净投放流动性在预期之内。 第四， 后续货 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 30-year government bond ETF from Bosera has shown a positive performance with a recent increase, driven by market expectations of structural interest rate cuts and renewed government bond trading [2][3]. Group 1: Performance Metrics - As of August 27, 2025, the 30-year government bond ETF from Bosera rose by 0.19%, marking a three-day consecutive increase, with the latest price at 109.37 yuan [2]. - Over the past week, the ETF has accumulated a total increase of 0.85% [2]. - The ETF's latest scale reached 18.523 billion yuan, a new high in nearly one year [2]. - The ETF's latest share count reached 16.9 million shares, also a new high in nearly one year [2]. Group 2: Market Activity - The ETF experienced an intraday turnover of 19.28%, with a total transaction volume of 3.566 billion yuan, indicating active market trading [2]. - The average daily transaction volume over the past week was 4.956 billion yuan [2]. - The government bond futures saw an afternoon rally, with the 30-year main contract rising by 0.2% [2]. Group 3: Fund Inflows and Returns - The ETF has seen continuous net inflows over the past seven days, with a maximum single-day net inflow of 1.504 billion yuan, totaling 2.755 billion yuan in net inflows [3]. - The ETF's financing net purchase amount for the month reached 5.89 million yuan, with the latest financing balance at 198 million yuan [3]. - As of August 26, 2025, the ETF's net value increased by 7.21% over the past year, ranking 12th out of 422 index bond funds, placing it in the top 2.84% [3]. Group 4: Risk and Fee Structure - The ETF's management fee rate is 0.15%, and the custody fee rate is 0.05% [3]. - The maximum drawdown over the past six months was 4.93%, with a relative benchmark drawdown of 0.53% [3]. - The tracking error for the ETF over the past three months was 0.054% [4].

Group 1 - The bond market showed slight upward movement in early trading, with the 30-year government bond ETF rising by 0.06% [1] - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 379.9 billion yuan at a stable interest rate of 1.40%, indicating stable liquidity conditions [1] - The yields on major government bonds, including the 10-year and 30-year bonds, experienced slight declines, reflecting a general downtrend in interest rates [1] Group 2 - The bond market has shown a "weak to strong" performance recently, with yields on interbank cash bonds turning downward in the afternoon [2] - Market expectations for structural interest rate cuts and the resumption of government bond trading have significantly boosted market sentiment after a period of decline [2] - The Pengyang 30-year government bond ETF is highlighted as the first ETF tracking the 30-year government bond index, offering T+0 trading attributes and serving as a flexible cash management tool for investors [2]