Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's decision to cut interest rates by 25 basis points is characterized as a "risk management-style cut," which appears somewhat "awkward" due to the contrast between economic forecasts and the rate cut path [1][2]. Economic Forecasts and Rate Path - The FOMC raised GDP growth expectations for 2025-2027, with 2025 and 2026 projected at 1.6% and 1.8% respectively, while lowering unemployment rate forecasts for 2026-2027 to 4.4% and 4.3% [2]. - Despite a more optimistic economic outlook, the rate path indicated a reduction of 25 basis points compared to June predictions, with a median forecast suggesting three rate cuts this year to 3.6% [2]. Employment Market Concerns - The decision for a more accommodative policy is primarily driven by significant deterioration in the employment market, with average job growth over the last three months at only 29,000, down from 99,000 [3]. - The FOMC shows major internal disagreements regarding the policy path, with six members favoring only one rate cut this year, while two support two cuts [3]. Powell's Hawkish Stance - Despite the dovish signals from the dot plot, Powell adopted a hawkish tone, downplaying the significance of the dot plot and emphasizing that it reflects individual forecasts rather than a predetermined policy path [4]. Inflation Concerns - Powell noted an increase in commodity price inflation, likely reflecting tariff impacts, and emphasized the FOMC's responsibility to prevent temporary price increases from evolving into persistent inflation issues [5]. Barclays' Expectations - Barclays maintains its baseline expectation that the Fed will cut rates by 25 basis points in October and December, primarily due to ongoing weak job growth and rising unemployment [6]. - For 2026, Barclays anticipates a pause in rate cuts until signs of easing monthly inflation data are observed, with further cuts expected in March and June [6].

债券研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券日报】 "风险管理式"降息落地 ——美联储 9 月议息会议点评 债券日报 2025 年 09 月 18 日 华创证券研究所 证券分析师：周冠南 邮箱：zhouguannan@hcyjs.com 执业编号：S0360517090002 联系人：李阳 邮箱：liyang3@hcyjs.com 相关研究报告 《【华创固收】转债市场日度跟踪 20250917》 2025-09-17 《【华创固收】转债市场日度跟踪 20250916》 2025-09-16 《【华创固收】债券发行新范式：福田投控 RWA 债券简析》 2025-09-16 《【华创固收】转债市场日度跟踪 20250915》 2025-09-15 《【华创固收】"稳增长"预期逐步升温——8 月 经济数据解读》 2025-09-15 证监会审核华创证券投资咨询业务资格批文号：证监许可（2009）1210 号 北京时间 9 月 18 日凌晨，美联储年内首次降息落地，将联邦基金利率目标区 间下调 25BP 至 4.0%-4.25%，储备余额利率、贴现利率下调至 4.15%、4.25%。 利率决议公布后，10 年期美债收益率 ...

鲍威尔9月17日例行新闻发布会要点总结： 1、货币政策：今天的行动是一种风险管理类型的降息。FOMC对降息50个基点呼声的支持并不多。 2、点阵图：极为罕见的经济局势导致联储利率预测分歧大。 3、劳动力市场：经过修订的就业数据意味着，劳动力市场不再那么稳固。失业率仍然偏低，但已经上 扬；就业人口增幅已经放缓，下行风险加重，就业市场指标表明下行风险是实质性的。人工智能 （AI）可能是招聘放缓的原因之一。 4、通胀：关税通胀的传导机制已经放缓，影响的力度也更小。"关税通胀顽固地存在"的可能性降低。 预计美国8月PCE通胀率同比上升2.7%，预计核心PCE同比上升2.9%。预计服务业将继续存在反通胀现 象。长期通胀预期像磐石一样稳固。 这是美联储今年开年以来六次FOMC会议首次决定降息，美联储主席鲍威尔在记者会上表示，虽然失业 率依然处于低位，但已经略有上升，新增就业岗位减少，就业面临的下行风险也在增加。与此同时，通 胀最近有所上升，仍然略高于正常水平。同时，美联储也决定继续缩减所持证券规模。 而他在问答环节则表示，今天联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）对降息50个基点呼声的支持并不多。 你们可以认为，今天的（宽松）行 ...

(文/陈济深 编辑/张广凯） 美国时间9月17日，美联储宣布降息25个基点，将联邦基准利率下调至4%-4.25%。 这是美联储自去年9月开启降息后第四次降息，也是今年以来首次降息。 本次决议声明新增指出美国就业增长已放缓、失业率略升、就业下行风险增加、风险平衡已转变，删除劳动力市场稳健的表述。利率预测中位值显示联储预 计今年共降息三次，较上次增一次，即此次降息后，年内还有2次降息。 不过美国经济基本面的变化也使得鲍威尔不得不选择降息。 尽管本次降息25个基点符合市场预期，但无论美国总统特朗普还是白宫贸易顾问纳瓦罗都在近日公开呼吁美联储需要大幅降息。鲍威尔则对此在利率决议发 布后的记者发布会上明确表示这是一次预防性降息，后续没有必要快速降低利率，降息50个基点并未获得美联储成员广泛支持，但是其也表示极为罕见的经 济局势导致联邦利率预测分歧较大。 截至目前，特朗普还未对本次降息发表评论，不过在9月15日，其还在社交媒体上表示降息幅度"必须比想象的要大"。 本次议息会议中，由特朗普任命，9月16日才任职的美联储理事米兰上任第二天就火线投下反对票，也是本次唯一反对25个基点降息的理事。而根据美联储 发布的点阵图信息， ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has decided to lower the benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to a target range of 4%-4.25%, indicating a shift in the balance of risks due to a slowing labor market and rising unemployment [2][5][9]. Group 1: Employment and Labor Market - The U.S. labor market is transitioning towards an oversupply, with the unemployment rate rising to 4.3% in August, the highest since the end of 2021, driven by returning job seekers [3][6][9]. - Job gains have slowed, and the labor market is no longer considered stable, with the Federal Reserve acknowledging a shift in employment conditions [5][6]. - Wage growth is decelerating, indicating a decrease in workers' bargaining power [3][6]. Group 2: Inflation Trends - Inflation has shown a moderate increase, with service inflation stabilizing due to housing, while tariff costs are gradually reflecting in goods inflation, albeit at a mild rate [3][6][9]. - The Federal Reserve has noted that inflation remains elevated, with expectations for PCE inflation adjusted upwards to 2.6% for 2026 [5][8]. Group 3: Economic Outlook - Economic activity is moderating, with the Federal Reserve raising its GDP growth forecast for 2025 to 1.6% and for 2026 to 1.8% [8]. - Consumer spending is reported to be higher than expected, although uncertainty and tariffs are impacting consumption decisions [8]. - The potential for further interest rate cuts remains, with expectations of two more cuts within the year as the labor market weakens and inflation risks persist [9].

美东时间9月17日周三，美联储在货币政策委员会FOMC会后公布，联邦基金利率的目标区间从4.25%至 4.5%降至4.00%至4.25%，降幅25个基点。 这是美联储今年开年以来六次FOMC会议首次决定降息，美联储主席鲍威尔在记者会上表示，虽然失业 率依然处于低位，但已经略有上升，新增就业岗位减少，就业面临的下行风险也在增加。与此同时，通 胀最近有所上升，仍然略高于正常水平。同时，美联储也决定继续缩减所持证券规模。 而他在问答环节则表示，今天联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）对降息50个基点呼声的支持并不多。 以下是鲍威尔记者会问答环节： Q1：你们今天欢迎了新的联储委员会成员Steven Myron，但他仍然保留了白宫职务。这是几十年来首 次有联储理事与白宫行政部门有直接联系。这是否削弱了美联储在日常事务中保持政治独立性的能力？ 此外，在这种情况下，你们要如何维持公众对美联储政治中立的信任？ 鲍威尔：我们今天确实迎来了一位新的委员会成员，就像我们历来会做的那样。委员会在追求双重使命 目标上仍然是团结一致的。我们坚定地致力于维护我们的独立性。除此之外，我没有更多要分享的。 Q2：你和其他美联储官员经常谈到关税对通 ...

专题：美联储如期降息25个基点 鲍威尔坚称通胀仍处相对高位 美联储在声明中表示，近期指标表明，就业增长放缓，失业率小幅上升，但仍保持在低位。通胀上升， 且保持了一定程度的高企。为支持其目标，同时考虑到风险转换到平衡，委员会决定将联邦基金利率的 目标区间下调25个基点至4%-4.25%。 与7月议息声明相比，本次声明对就业市场的判断由"失业率依然较低，劳动力市场状况保持良好"转变 为"就业增长放缓，失业率小幅上升，但仍保持在低位"，同时新增"通胀上升"的表述。在下调利率区间 时，强调考虑到了"风险转换的平衡"。在描述调整目标区间的条件时，删去了"幅度和时机"的表述。 声明表示，在评估合适的货币政策立场时，委员会将继续监控未来的经济数据的影响。如果风险的发生 会阻碍达成委员会的双重目标，委员会会为调整适当的货币政策立场做好准备。委员会的评估将考虑到 大量信息，包括劳动力市场指标、通胀压力和通胀预期指标、金融和国际形势发展的数据等。 本次会议共有1票反对，为新任美联储理事米兰（Stephen I． Miran），他倾向于在本次会议上降息50个 基点。在上个月投出反对票的鲍曼（Michelle W． Bowman）和 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve acknowledged a slowdown in employment growth and a slight increase in the unemployment rate, while also indicating that inflation levels remain slightly elevated, leading to a decision to lower the federal funds rate by 25 basis points [1][3][6]. Summary by Sections Federal Reserve's Decision - On September 17, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target range to 4.00% to 4.25% by 25 basis points [3]. - The decision reflects a more pessimistic view on the employment market compared to the previous meeting, with the acknowledgment of rising unemployment risks [3][6]. Changes in Statements - The Fed removed the phrase regarding the stability of the labor market and noted that employment growth has slowed [3][5]. - Inflation was mentioned as having increased, a change from the previous meeting where this trend was not highlighted [3][5]. Voting Dynamics - Stephen I. Miran was the only member to vote against the decision, advocating for a 50 basis point cut instead of 25 [3][7]. - Other members, including those appointed by President Trump, supported the 25 basis point reduction, contrary to some pre-meeting expectations [3][4][7]. Economic Outlook - The committee aims for maximum employment and a 2% inflation rate, while recognizing high levels of uncertainty in the economic outlook [6]. - The Fed will continue to monitor various factors, including labor market conditions and inflation pressures, to assess future monetary policy adjustments [6].

The Federal Reserve has cut interest rates by a quarter percentage point, lowering the upper bound of its federal funds rate to 4.25%. The decision, which brings rates to their lowest level since November 2022, was widely expected by markets after weeks of weakening labor data and softer inflation readings. FOMC Trims Target Range by 25 bps, Citing Softer Jobs and Elevated Risks The move trims the target range from 4.50% to 4.25%, marking the Fed’s first rate cut since earlier this year. Chair Jerome P ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has lowered interest rates by 25 basis points to a range of 4.00%-4.25%, with Chairman Powell indicating this is a risk management move amid high inflation and weakening employment, seeking a balance between easing and caution [1] FOMC Statement and Economic Outlook - The rate cut marks a resumption of the easing cycle that was paused since December of the previous year, with some officials suggesting a more aggressive cut of 50 basis points [2] - The dot plot indicates two more rate cuts are expected this year, with one official predicting a total reduction of 150 basis points by year-end, while another believes no cuts should occur this year [2] - The median unemployment rate forecast for the next two years has been revised down to 4.4% and 4.3%, reflecting increased downside risks in the labor market [2] Inflation Outlook - Inflation has risen and remains at a "slightly high" level, with the PCE and core PCE inflation expectations for the end of 2026 adjusted upward to 2.6% [3] Economic Growth Outlook - GDP growth forecasts for the end of 2025, 2026, and 2027 have been raised to 1.6%, 1.8%, and 1.9% respectively, with a forecast of 1.8% for the end of 2028 [3] Powell's Press Conference Highlights - The rate cut is characterized as a risk management decision, with future rate adjustments to be made based on data, emphasizing the rising downside risks in the labor market [4] - Recent inflation trends show an increase, with August's overall PCE expected to rise by 2.7% year-on-year and core PCE up by 2.9% compared to the previous year, indicating upward inflation risks [4] - Economic growth is slowing, primarily due to reduced consumer spending, with the pass-through of tariffs to consumers occurring but less than anticipated [4] - The Fed's commitment to its independence is reaffirmed, with Powell addressing the influence of individual voting members on rate decisions [4] - Market reactions included significant fluctuations in gold prices and movements in the dollar and U.S. Treasury yields following the rate decision and Powell's comments [4] Latest Expectations - As of the report, interest rate futures are pricing in a potential reduction of 45 basis points this year and approximately 72 basis points next year, with a 13.3% probability of the Fed remaining unchanged in October [5]