记者 王珍 中国央行在2025年第一季度货币政策执行报告中指出，价格调控思路上，要从以前的管高价转向管低价。如何做好"管低价"，分析人士认为，短 期内应保持消费品以旧换新政策的稳定性，同时着眼于提振服务消费，长期则要谋划"新供给侧改革"，提高居民最终消费支出在GDP中的比重。 物价与居民生活和企业生产经营密切相关，是各国宏观调控关注的重要变量。物价水平是多方面因素共同作用的结果，根本上由供求关系决定。 近年来，我国实体经济供强需弱的矛盾持续存在，主要价格指标低位运行，物价受关注度进一步上升。 受食品和能源价格拖累，居民消费价格指数（CPI） 同比增速连续四个月负增长，但剔除了食品和能源价格的核心CPI则自去年10月以来明显回 升。由于食品和能源价格易受天气、地缘政治等因素的影响，波动较大且具有短期性，因此，核心CPI更能反映经济整体的供需关系，也是提振 价格的关键所在。 分析人士指出，核心CPI可以拆分为核心商品、居住服务、其他服务三大类。去年10月以来核心CPI同比涨幅回升明显，很大程度上得益于消费品 以旧换新政策带动耐用消费品价格回升。 在以旧换新政策带动下，家用器具价格同比增速从2024年10月的-3. ...

应当说，在总量上，3000亿元超长期特别国债的资金支持为全年消费品以旧换新政策的实施提供了重要助 力，分别于1月、4月下达的两批合计1620亿元资金也体现了"既定政策早出台早见效"的部署安排。市场机构 根据销售数据测算出，截至5月末，消费品以旧换新"国补"资金使用进度为1439亿—1632亿元，接近已下达资 金规模；进入6月，叠加端午节促销、"6·18"等购物节点，预计当月资金消耗将攀升至500亿元。 不过，从区域分布看，各地资金使用进度和政策效果不能一概而论。部分地区暂停"国补"领取主要是因为前 期所获资金额度已消耗接近上限，新一轮补贴发放安排需等待中央资金下拨；另有部分地区采取每日"限量发 放"模式控制资金消耗进度。与此同时，还有地区维持现有"普惠式补贴"模式，部分省市还在辖内扩大补贴覆 盖范围，以此进一步提高政策吸引力、带动消费。 根据前期中央部委印发的政策文件，今年消费品以旧换新的资金分配总体上是向2024年工作成效较好的地区 适度倾斜。行至年中，站在新一轮中央资金下拨的时点上，优化资金额度分配一定程度上也将影响接下来政 策的实施效用。更进一步来看，优化资金分配机制，尤其是根据政策实施效果更为动态地调 ...

应当说，在总量上，3000亿元超长期特别国债的资金支持为全年消费品以旧换新政策的实施提供了重要 助力，分别于1月、4月下达的两批合计1620亿元资金也体现了"既定政策早出台早见效"的部署安排。市 场机构根据销售数据测算出，截至5月末，消费品以旧换新"国补"资金使用进度为1439亿—1632亿元， 接近已下达资金规模；进入6月，叠加端午节促销、"6.18"等购物节点，预计当月资金消耗将攀升至500 亿元。 不过，从区域分布看，各地资金使用进度和政策效果不能一概而论。部分地区暂停"国补"领取主要是因 为前期所获资金额度已消耗接近上限，新一轮补贴发放安排需等待中央资金下拨；另有部分地区采取每 日"限量发放"模式控制资金消耗进度。与此同时，还有地区维持现有"普惠式补贴"模式，部分省市还在 辖内扩大补贴覆盖范围，以此进一步提高政策吸引力、带动消费。 时值电商平台"6.18"大促期间，多地宣布暂停消费品以旧换新补贴引发广泛关注。 根据前期中央部委印发的政策文件，今年消费品以旧换新的资金分配总体上是向2024年工作成效较好的 地区适度倾斜。行至年中，站在新一轮中央资金下拨的时点上，优化资金额度分配一定程度上也将影响 接下来 ...

Core Insights - In May, China's retail sales of passenger cars reached 1.932 million units, a year-on-year increase of 13.3%, with cumulative retail sales for the year at 8.811 million units, up 9.1% [1] - Passenger car production and wholesale also hit historical highs in May, with production at 2.270 million units (up 12.6%) and wholesale at 2.310 million units (up 12.8%) [1] - The "old-for-new" policy significantly boosted retail sales, with 4.12 million applications for subsidies by the end of May, and May's applications estimated at 1.23 million, a 13% increase from April [2] - The penetration rate of new energy vehicles (NEVs) reached 52.9% in May, with retail sales of NEVs at 1.021 million units, a 28.2% year-on-year increase [2] - Exports of passenger cars (including complete vehicles and CKD) reached 448,000 units in May, a year-on-year increase of 13.5% [2] Industry Trends - The automotive market is expected to maintain growth in June, although the growth rate may slow due to high base effects from the previous year [3] - Government policies aimed at stabilizing fuel vehicle consumption and promoting vehicle scrappage are expected to support the overall positive trend in the automotive industry [3]

Core Viewpoint - The "618" shopping festival is driving a new wave of consumer enthusiasm, supported by the "old-for-new" policy and promotions from major e-commerce platforms, significantly boosting sales in consumer goods [1] Group 1: Policy Implementation - The "old-for-new" policy is a crucial measure for accelerating the construction of a new development pattern and promoting high-quality economic and social development [1] - As of May 31, 2023, the five major categories of consumer goods under the "old-for-new" policy have generated a sales volume of 1.1 trillion yuan, with approximately 175 million subsidies issued directly to consumers [1] Group 2: Recommendations for Improvement - Dynamic adjustment of the funding pool is suggested, introducing a "rolling allocation" measure to enhance the precision and efficiency of subsidy distribution [2] - Transitioning from "price subsidies" to "technology subsidies" is recommended to guide industrial upgrades, focusing on supporting green appliances and smart manufacturing products [3] - Establishing a multi-party collaborative model is essential, enhancing the role of enterprises in driving the initiative through data sharing and innovative subsidy mechanisms [4] Group 3: Future Outlook - Continuous experience accumulation and collaborative efforts are expected to sustain the "old-for-new" policy, injecting strong momentum into high-quality economic development [5]

Group 1 - The government has been implementing a "trade-in" policy for consumer goods, benefiting consumers and boosting consumption momentum since last year [1][3] - Funding for the trade-in policy comes from tax revenues, with both central and local governments contributing [3][5] - Central government funding for the trade-in program has doubled this year, with 300 billion yuan in special bonds issued to support the initiative, an increase of 150 billion yuan from the previous year [3][7] Group 2 - Local governments are required to match central funding, with provinces like Shandong actively raising funds to meet the 15% local contribution requirement [6][8] - The trade-in policy has led to significant sales growth for companies, with a reported 30% increase in sales for Shandong Sanyuan Home Appliances in the last quarter and the first four months of this year [8][10] - The scope of the trade-in policy has expanded to include a wider range of consumer products, enhancing the benefits for consumers [10][11]

Group 1: Policy Source - The funding for the consumer goods replacement policy comes from fiscal funds, with central and local governments collaborating to contribute [3] Group 2: Fund Flow - Unlike traditional subsidy methods, the consumer goods replacement policy directly allocates funds to local governments, allowing for quicker delivery of benefits to consumers [4] Group 3: Claim Process - Consumers can claim subsidies through both online and offline channels, with specific procedures for each [5][10] Group 4: Regional Funding Distribution - The central government and local governments share the subsidy costs in a 9:1 ratio, with varying central government contribution rates across eastern (85%), central (90%), and western (95%) regions [7] - Local governments allocate matching funds based on central funding distribution, considering factors like population and economic activity to optimize support [7] Group 5: Consumer Experience - For example, consumers can receive a 15% subsidy on a smartphone priced at 3000 yuan, saving 450 yuan when using the appropriate payment method [9] - In Changsha, consumers can claim a subsidy through a mobile app and receive a discount at participating stores [10] Group 6: Fund Management and Oversight - Strengthening fund supervision and ensuring the safe use of funds has become a priority for local governments as the subsidy amounts increase [13] - Various measures are in place to ensure compliance and prevent fraud, including real-name management for applications and cross-departmental oversight [14]

"可享受国家补贴""国补再减15%"……如今，无论是线上店铺，还是线下卖场，百姓在购买消费品时， 都可常见这些标语。 去年以来，我国持续实施消费品以旧换新政策，实打实的"真金白银"惠及消费者，激发消费活力。这 些"国补"资金是如何抵达消费者的？ 今年以来，财政等相关部门加快推进超长期特别国债的发行使用。截至目前，2025年超长期特别国债已 下达两批到地方，共计1620亿元。 从地方来看，各省份根据中央资金分配情况按比例安排配套资金，强化资金保障，优化资金管理。 "山东多措并举，多渠道筹措资金，认真落实地方15%的配套要求，切实提升对消费品以旧换新的资金 保障能力。"山东省财政厅有关处室负责人说。 这位负责人介绍，在省级层面的资金分配上，综合考虑常住人口、地区生产总值、汽车保有量等因素， 合理确定对各市支持资金规模，向人口多、经济活跃、消费潜力大的地区倾斜。 图为位于山东省泰安市的三源家电线下卖场里展示的"国补"政策。新华社记者申铖 摄 资金从哪来？ 根据去年和今年的政府工作报告及相关部署，实施消费品以旧换新政策的相关资金来自财政资金，中央 和地方都有"出资"。 具体来看，家电以旧换新、汽车报废更新等领域补贴资 ...

Core Viewpoint - The "Two New" policy continues to show effects, with the specialized equipment industry experiencing a profit increase of 13.2% year-on-year in the first four months of the year [1] Group 1: Policy Impact - The implementation of ultra-long-term special bond funds has effectively supported the "Two New" policy, leading to significant growth in specialized and general equipment industries [1] - The specialized equipment and general equipment industries' profits increased by 13.2% and 11.7% respectively, contributing to a 0.9 percentage point increase in industrial profits above designated size [1] Group 2: Sector Performance - The electronic and electrical machinery specialized equipment manufacturing sector saw a remarkable profit growth of 69.8% [1] - The general component manufacturing sector experienced a profit increase of 24.7% [1] - The mining, metallurgy, and construction specialized equipment manufacturing sector reported a profit growth of 18.3% [1] Group 3: Consumer Goods Sector - The effects of the consumption upgrade policy are evident, with significant profit increases in various consumer goods sectors [1] - The manufacturing of specialized parts for household electrical appliances, kitchen appliances, and non-electric household appliances saw profit growths of 17.2%, 17.1%, and 15.1% respectively [1]

原价约8500元的电脑，最终以6800多元的价格成交，省了近1700元。辽宁消费者辛未换电脑的经历，让他深感消费品以旧换新政策的资金支持力度之 大。"今年身边换手机、电脑的人越来越多。"辛未期待，以后能有更多促销活动让利消费者。 数据验证了消费者的直观感受。今年以来，全省消费市场持续升温。前4个月，全省社会消费品零售总额达3313.8亿元，同比增长6.8%，继续保持增长 态势，连续26个月高于全国平均水平。其中，全省限额以上单位消费品零售额1512.0亿元，同比增长10.5%。 数据也能看出消费品以旧换新等政策的成效，家电、家居家装行业市场增势良好。从限额以上单位商品零售类别看，家用电器和音像器材类零售额同比 增长97.1%，家具类零售额同比增长90.7%，建筑及装潢材料类零售额同比增长80.1%，通信器材类零售额同比增长41.7%。 加大政策支持力度，是今年辽宁消费市场充满活力的重要原因。今年以来，我省3次出台促消费政策，特别是专门制定《辽宁省提振消费6条政策》，着 力在激发消费积极性、培育壮大经营主体、鼓励首发经济等方面加强政策支持、引导。"在让消费者得到更多实惠的同时，我们更加注重培育壮大商贸领域 经营 ...