Q&A 如何看待近期债市的波动及其背后的逻辑？ 近期债市的波动主要围绕政治局会议和中央经济工作会议后的市场再定价展开。 经济工作会议公布后，市场交易情绪明显积极，但随后出现部分回吐。这反映 出当前市场对财政货币政策预期差及其传导路径已发生显著变化。传统上，财 政发力与否直接影响实物工作量预期，从而影响经济增长速度，并最终决定货 币政策状态。然而，目前财政动作更多是为了化解债务，而非增加政府支出或 基础建设投资。因此，债券供给直接决定收益率定价，而不是通过复杂的传导 链条。 12 月份最后两周是财政集中支出期，但资金最紧张时点通常在 12 月中 旬。本周税期窗口期资金面偏紧，年末财政支出增加或缓解压力。中小 机构年末有兑现服务需求，但指引行为可能提前结束。 当前十年和 30 年国债利差为 40BP，短期内大幅偏离概率较低。若十年 国债波动区间为 1.8%-1.85%，则 30 年国债对应区间为 2.18%- 2.27%。30 年国债在 2.50%附近是较好的入场点，可能吸引外围资金。 央行近期投放边际超额幅度不大，6 个月边际利率可能维持当前水平， 存单收益率预计维持在 1.65%左右。交易逻辑应从供给和市场预 ...

贝森特很乐观，因为美国这么折腾之下，预计2025年全年GDP增速将达到惊人的3.5%！我们先不说通胀、逆差、美债之类的老生常谈的问题，仅就 美国现在这个经济体量，又是消费主导的经济体现况而言，我不得不感慨一句：美国的经济韧性确实是强，有效需求确定是旺，所以投资下去的赚 钱效应明显，这种全世界唱衰，"明天就要崩盘"的预期下，一年下去，GDP涨了3.5%，也算经济史的奇迹2.0！ 我们现在一起来看下昨天美国经济数据的一锅炖：美国11月非农就业人口增加6.4万人，高于市场预期的5万人；但失业率却意外升至4.6%，创下 2021年9月以来的新高！美国10月零售销售环比持平，略低于预期的0.1%增长！美国12月标普全球制造业PMI初值下滑至51.8，创5个月新低！这些 数据，似乎都在说：美国经济在高利率环境下"内部疲软因素上升"！ 我们接下去就简单分析下： 一、就业市场：结构性问题 美国11月非农看似延续就业市场韧性，但失业率却意外攀升至4.6%，创下2021年9月以来的新高，同时前期数据大幅下修，10月非农就业从初值修正 为减少10.5万人，较预期的下降2.5万超出四倍，8月和9月合计下修3.3万人。这种"新增就业与 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report The overall economic situation shows a mixed picture. The external demand has improved, and prices have generally increased, but domestic demand is still bottom - seeking. Policies are expected to be more active in 2026 to support economic recovery, and the bond market is expected to have opportunities. Multiple institutions are optimistic about the continued rebound of Chinese assets in 2026 [24][25][30]. Summary by Directory 1. Macro Data - GDP in Q3 2025 grew at a 4.8% year - on - year rate, lower than the previous quarter's 5.2% but higher than the 4.6% of the same period last year [1]. - In November 2025, the manufacturing PMI was 49.2%, the non - manufacturing PMI for business activities was 49.5%, both showing certain trends compared to previous periods [1]. - Social financing scale in November 2025 was not provided, with previous values of 24,885 billion yuan and 8,161 billion yuan, and the same - period value last year of 23,288 billion yuan [1]. - CPI in November 2025 increased by 0.7% year - on - year, and PPI decreased by 2.2% year - on - year [1]. - Fixed - asset investment (excluding rural households) from January to November 2025 had a cumulative year - on - year decline of 2.6%, and the social consumer goods retail total had a cumulative year - on - year increase of 4.0% [1]. - Exports in November 2025 increased by 5.9% year - on - year, and imports increased by 1.9% year - on - year [1]. 2. Commodity Investment Reference Comprehensive - In 2026, expanding domestic demand is the top priority, and efforts will be made to boost consumption from both supply and demand sides. The real estate market will be stabilized from both supply and demand ends [2]. - Anti - dumping duties of 4.9% - 19.8% will be imposed on imported pork and pork by - products from the EU starting from December 17, 2025, for a period of 5 years [2]. - On December 16, 2025, 42 domestic commodity varieties had positive basis, and 25 had negative basis [2]. Metals - Copper prices soared to a record high, partly due to the large - scale copper hoarding by the US. The LME's three - month copper price reached a high of $11,952 per ton last Friday, currently around $11,626 per ton, up about 33% this year [4]. - On December 15, 2025, zinc, lead, tin, and copper inventories reached new highs, while nickel and aluminum inventories decreased [5]. - Morgan Stanley expects nickel prices to rebound to around $15,500 per ton in 2026 [5]. - Goldman Sachs raised its forecast for the average copper price in 2026 from $10,650 to $11,400 per ton, and there is a 55% probability that the Trump administration will announce a 15% copper import tariff in the first half of 2026, which may take effect in 2027 and increase to 30% in 2028 [6]. Coal, Coke, Steel, and Minerals - A series of measures to rectify the "involution - style" competition in the steel industry are being implemented, and the upstream coke and iron ore prices have declined [7]. - Yichun plans to cancel 27 mining licenses, including Jiangte Motor's Yifeng County Shiziling Lithium - bearing Porcelain Stone Mine [7]. - Rio Tinto will launch the first phase of a project in Western Australia, with an estimated iron ore production of 50 million tons per year by 2030 [8]. - Japan will cooperate with Malaysia in the exploration and development of rare earth and other mineral resources [8]. - In November 2025, Brazilian steel sales decreased by 3.5% year - on - year to 1.748 million tons. It is expected that in 2026, exports will decrease by 0.6% to 10.18 million tons, and imports will increase by 3.9% to 6.65 million tons [8]. - As of early December 2025, the prices of coke and coking coal in the circulation field declined [8]. Energy and Chemicals - The National Energy Administration will strengthen energy supervision and ensure the safety of the energy and power system in 2026 [9]. - Hungary signed a 5 - year LNG procurement agreement with Chevron for a total of 2 billion cubic meters [9]. - Last week, US API crude oil inventories decreased by 9.322 million barrels, exceeding expectations [9]. - The price discount of Venezuelan Merey crude oil widened to a $21 - per - barrel discount compared to Brent crude oil [9]. - JP Morgan will seek about $14 billion in funds for Argentina's LNG export project [9]. Agricultural Products - The Indian market regulatory body will propose to relax commodity derivatives rules, cancel the ban on agricultural product derivatives trading, and reduce margin requirements [10]. - As of December 14, 2025, EU's 2025/26 soft wheat exports were 10.5 million tons, barley exports were 5 million tons, corn imports were 7.5 million tons, and soybean meal imports were 8.3 million tons [10]. 3. Financial News Compilation Open Market - On December 16, 2025, the central bank conducted 135.3 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 18 billion yuan [11]. Key News - In 2026, expanding domestic demand is the top priority, and efforts will be made to boost consumption from both supply and demand sides. The real estate market will be stabilized from both supply and demand ends [12]. - The National Development and Reform Commission will take measures to stabilize bulk consumption, improve the social security system, and promote a fair market order [12]. - Shenzhen will prevent and resolve financial risks, support the reform of the GEM, and enhance the competitiveness of the capital market [13]. - In 2026, the central bank will continue to implement a moderately loose monetary policy and maintain financial market stability [13]. - The market expects the fiscal deficit rate in 2026 to be no less than 4% [14]. - BofA Securities expects the downward trend of the mainland real estate market to bottom out in 2026 [14]. - Vanke will hold a bondholder meeting to discuss the adjusted extension plan for "22 Vanke MTN004" [14]. - On December 16, 2025, the on - shore and off - shore RMB exchange rates against the US dollar reached new highs in 14 months, and the RMB is expected to appreciate moderately in 2026 [15]. - As of December 16, 2025, commercial banks issued 58 green financial bonds, with a total issuance scale of 458.2 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of over 202% [15]. - The EU plans to issue about 90 billion euros in bonds in the first half of 2026 [15]. - The US Treasury Secretary is optimistic about the US economic outlook, expecting a 3.5% GDP growth in 2025 [16]. - In November 2025, the US added 64,000 non - farm jobs, but the unemployment rate rose to 4.6% [16]. Bond Market Review - Bond market sentiment improved slightly. Yields of major inter - bank interest - bearing bonds mostly declined slightly, and Treasury bond futures showed a differentiated trend [19]. - In the exchange - traded bond market, Vanke bonds generally rose, and the Wande Real Estate Bond 30 Index rose 0.58%, while the Wande High - Yield Urban Investment Bond Index fell 0.06% [19]. - The CSI Convertible Bond Index fell 0.72% to 478.64 points, with a trading volume of 55.556 billion yuan [20]. - On December 16, 2025, most money market interest rates rose, and Shibor short - term varieties showed a differentiated performance [20][21]. - Inter - bank repurchase fixed - rate bonds generally declined, and silver - silver inter - bank repurchase fixed - rate bonds showed a differentiated performance [21]. - The winning yields of Agricultural Development Bank's 2 - year financial bonds were 1.5899% and 1.6039% respectively [22]. - Most European and US bond yields declined [22]. Foreign Exchange Market - On December 16, 2025, the on - shore RMB exchange rate against the US dollar rose 80 points, and the RMB central parity rate against the US dollar rose 54 points [23]. - In New York, the US dollar index fell 0.06%, and most non - US currencies showed mixed performance [23]. Research Report Highlights - Huatai Fixed Income believes that in November 2025, external demand improved, prices rose, but domestic demand continued to bottom - seek. It is recommended to wait for opportunities in the bond market [24]. - Guosheng Fixed Income believes that in November 2025, the economy was weak in both production and demand. The bond market is expected to stabilize and start a trend - like market in the second half of the first quarter of 2026 [25]. - CICC Fixed Income believes that the November 2025 economic data was below expectations, and the bond market is expected to perform well in 2026. It is recommended to pay attention to the allocation opportunities from the end of this year to the first quarter of next year [25]. - CITIC Securities believes that the November 2025 economic data declined in both supply and demand. Policies in 2026 will be more coordinated and focused on implementation effects [26]. - Changjiang Fixed Income believes that the net investment of repurchase in December 2025 decreased. The money market may face some fluctuations due to tax payments [26]. - Xingzheng Fixed Income believes that credit bond ETFs should focus on product returns and consider individual bond attributes in portfolio selection [27]. 4. Stock Market Key News - On the day, the A - share market declined unilaterally, with nearly 4,300 stocks falling. The Shanghai Composite Index fell 1.11% to 3,824.81 points, and the market turnover was 1.75 trillion yuan [29]. - The Hong Kong Hang Seng Index fell 1.54% to 25,235.41 points, and the trading volume decreased slightly [29]. - Multiple institutions believe that Chinese assets have the basis for a continuous rebound in 2026, and overseas long - term funds have been flowing into the Chinese stock market since 2025 [30].

Group 1: Monetary Policy and Economic Outlook - The monetary policy in 2026 will continue to align with fiscal measures, supporting debt sustainability and fiscal health [2] - Interest rate cuts in 2026 may remain restrained due to reduced urgency from anti-involution trends [2] - The international economic struggle will have financial implications, particularly for the internationalization of the RMB amid intensified US-China tensions [2][13] Group 2: Misunderstandings about "Deposit Migration" - There are three main misunderstandings regarding "deposit migration": underestimating excess savings, the speed of market entry, and the investment attributes of excess savings [3][15] - The potential scale of household savings entering the stock market could exceed one trillion yuan, driven by a significant increase in excess savings [3][15] - The speed of funds entering the market may be underestimated due to reliance on non-bank deposit tracking, which does not accurately reflect the migration of household funds [3][15] Group 3: Huahai Pharmaceutical (600521) Insights - Huahai Pharmaceutical integrates raw materials and formulations, establishing a solid foundation for growth, with a projected revenue of 5.759 billion yuan in 2024 [4][14] - The company is focusing on innovative drug development in immunology and oncology, with over 70 patents filed and several projects in clinical stages [4][18] - The target market capitalization for Huahai Pharmaceutical is estimated at 34.4 billion yuan, indicating a potential upside of 30.04% [4][18] Group 4: Zhongxin Innovation (03931) Overview - Zhongxin Innovation is positioned to benefit from the growing demand for energy storage and electric vehicle batteries, with a revenue of 16.4 billion yuan in the first half of 2025 [19][20] - The company is expanding its market share and enhancing its product offerings, with a focus on high-end battery products and a global production network [19][20] - The projected net profit for Zhongxin Innovation is expected to grow significantly, reaching 3.84 billion yuan by 2027 [20]

（来源：领盛Optivest） 基本面总结： 1．澳大利亚12月PMI初值呈现分化，综合扩张动能创7个月新低。 2025年12月16日，标普全球公布的澳大利亚12月PMI初值数据显示，该国私营部门经济呈现明显分化态势，综合PMI扩张动能有所放缓。具体来看，制造 业PMI初值由11月的51.6升至52.2，延续扩张态势且增速小幅加快，主要得益于商品新订单的增长以及强劲的商品出口表现，有效抵消了服务业出口的疲 软；而服务业商业活动指数则从52.8回落至51.0，增速明显放缓成为拖累整体经济扩张节奏的主要因素。受服务业表现疲软影响，综合PMI初值由前值 52.6降至51.1，尽管连续第15个月保持在50荣枯线以上的扩张区间，但已创下7个月来的最低增速。 从市场核心观察点来看，12月澳大利亚民企整体新订单仍保持稳固增加，为产出增长提供了基础，只是整体增长率较前期有所放缓。就业市场方面，企业 为应对现有工作量持续增聘员工，就业数据保持增长态势。企业信心层面表现亮眼，信心指数升至6月以来的最高水平，显示出企业对未来产出前景的乐 观预期。不过，行业内部积压工作情况呈现分化，制造业积压工作有所增加，但服务业积压已连续第8个月 ...

Market Performance - US stock market closed with the Dow Jones down 0.6%, S&P 500 down 0.13%, and Nasdaq down 0.19% [1] - Tesla shares rose 3% to reach a historical high, Nvidia increased nearly 1%, and Circle surged nearly 10% [1] - Nasdaq China Golden Dragon Index fell 0.34%, with NetEase dropping nearly 2% [1] Oil and Gold Prices - International oil prices declined, with WTI crude futures falling below $55 per barrel, a daily drop of 3.22%; Brent crude fell below $59 per barrel, down 2.70% [1] - Shanghai gold main contract fell 0.14%; gold prices rebounded after the US November non-farm payroll report [1] Employment Data - US unemployment rate reached a four-year high of 4.6%, with 7.8 million unemployed; November adjusted non-farm payrolls recorded an increase of 64,000, exceeding expectations [1] - October non-farm payrolls saw a decrease of 105,000, marking the largest decline since the end of 2020 [1] Regulatory and Policy Developments - The US threatened to retaliate against EU companies regarding digital tax issues, specifically naming Accenture, Siemens, and Spotify, indicating potential fees and service restrictions if EU continues to limit US digital service providers [1] - Trump is set to interview potential Federal Reserve chair candidates, including Waller and former Fed governor Kevin Walsh, and will deliver a national address potentially outlining new year policies [1] Inventory and Manufacturing Data - US API crude oil inventory for the week ending December 12 recorded a drop of 9.322 million barrels, the largest decline since June 2025, significantly exceeding the expected drop of 2.197 million barrels [1] - US October retail sales month-on-month recorded 0%, below the expected 0.1%; December preliminary S&P Global Manufacturing PMI recorded 51.8, the lowest in five months; Services PMI preliminary value recorded 52.9, the lowest in six months [1] Company Developments - Apple plans to expand its iPhone product line from five to seven models by fall 2027 [1] Federal Reserve Insights - Federal Reserve's Bostic expressed a desire to maintain monetary policy unchanged in the last meeting, with no interest rate cuts anticipated in the 2026 forecast, believing the economy will perform stronger at around 2.5% GDP growth, necessitating a restrictive policy [1]

● 本报记者 彭扬 ——看总量，始终保持流动性充裕。央行综合运用降准、国债买卖公开市场操作等多种货币政策工具， 构建起短期、中期、长期相结合的流动性供给体系，保持社会融资条件相对宽松。 支持性货币政策显效 2025年，央行着力实施好适度宽松的货币政策，从量价两端持续为实体经济注入金融活水。 货币政策工具精准发力、有序落地：5月，央行实施降准50个基点，释放长期流动性约1万亿元；10月， 央行恢复公开市场国债买卖操作……一系列举措有效地巩固了流动性充裕的格局，金融活水源源不断地 流向实体经济，为经济延续稳中有进态势提供坚实的金融支撑。 ——看价格，社会综合融资成本处于历史低位。政策发力既有政策利率牵引，也有精准滴灌。5月，央 行下调7天期逆回购利率，为贷款利率下行创造条件。同时，央行下调结构性货币政策工具利率和公积 金贷款利率，进一步拓宽利率下调的覆盖范围，增强政策支持力度。 数据印证了政策的实效。11月，企业新发放贷款（本外币）加权平均利率约为3.1%，比上年同期低约 30个基点；个人住房新发放贷款（本外币）加权平均利率约为3.1%，比上年同期低约3个基点。企业融 资和居民信贷成本均保持低位运行。 "继续实施 ...

美联储博斯蒂克：进一步降息会将货币政策推向或进入宽松领域，从而使通胀和通胀预期面临风险。 来源：金融界AI电报 ...

威廉姆斯还透露，美联储通过缩表已基本将银行准备金水平降至充足水平。达到这一门槛促使美联储重 启购债操作，即所谓的准备金管理购买。他指出，银行准备金必须随着银行需求逐步增加，以维持系统 稳定运行。 对于未来政策走向，威廉姆斯表示将等待并收集所有相关数据，目前判断下一次货币政策决定还为时过 早。他强调，将通胀降回2%目标水平至关重要，同时不能对就业市场造成不必要风险。威廉姆斯认 为，货币政策的重点在于平衡这些风险，确保经济回到稳健增长与价格稳定的轨道上。 声明：市场有风险，投资需谨慎。本文为AI基于第三方数据生成，仅供参考，不构成个人投资建议。 来源：市场资讯 纽约联储主席威廉姆斯近日表示，美联储当前的货币政策立场恰当，为2026年经济发展做好了充分准 备。威廉姆斯在新泽西银行家协会活动中指出，联邦公开市场委员会已将略具限制性的政策立场向中性 方向推进。 威廉姆斯认为，近期就业市场逐步降温，劳动力市场风险有所上升，而通胀风险则相应减弱。他强调， 多项劳动力市场指标已回落至疫情前水平，当时的就业市场并未出现过热现象。据威廉姆斯观察，虽然 劳动力市场明显降温，但这一过程持续且渐进，尚未出现裁员激增等快速恶化迹象。 关 ...

中国经济网北京12月16日讯（记者 张翀） 中央经济工作会议提出要"实施更加积极有为的宏观政 策"，如何理解"积极有为"？如何看待更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策这套"组合拳"？财政 部原副部长朱光耀在做客中国经济网《深谈》时进行了深入解读。 （责任编辑：郭健东 ） 面对当前经济发展面临的挑战，朱光耀在访谈中表示，中国拥有庞大的经济存量，我们既要正视挑 战，更要看到"十四五"期间取得的巨大成绩，这些都是未来发展的强大物质基础。在宏观经济政策层 面，此次未提及超常规政策，意味着通过更加积极有为的宏观经济政策组合，包括更加积极的财政政策 和适度宽松的货币政策，即可有效应对当前挑战。 谈及财政政策，朱光耀指出，2025年财政赤字率4%左右、地方专项债券发行4.4万亿的规模，还有 1.3万亿元超长期特别国债和5000医院的特别国债，这构成了政策有效落地的现实基础。未来将通过更 积极的财政支持，持续推动经济高质量发展。而适度宽松的货币政策核心目标之一是解决物价问题，重 点推动物价向2%左右的合理区间靠拢。 围绕中央经济工作会议首次提出的"把促进经济稳定增长和物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考 量"，朱光耀认为推动物 ...