由于政府关门导致决策者无法获取关键数据，美联储官员们对于降息幅度依然存在分歧，其中一些人更 担心通胀，而另一些人则更关注就业市场。 由美国总统特朗普任命的最新美联储理事米兰周二重申，他希望以比同僚们快得多的速度，让利率达到 所谓的"中性"水平。中性利率是指既不刺激也不减缓经济增长的利率水平。 米兰在"管理基金协会2025年政策展望"会议上的一次谈话中表示："我确实认为，与一年前相比，中性 利率已经下降了。这使得当前的货币政策比几个季度前更具限制性。" 他补充说："货币政策的额外限制性会带来一些未来的风险"，因为"考虑到政策的滞后效应，经济预计 将会走弱。因此，短期内我对经济一点也不悲观，但如果我们不调整政策，我确实看到一些风险潜伏在 那里。" 另一方面，主张更关注通胀的声音来自堪萨斯城联储主席施密德，他周一晚间表示，他认为当前的利率 水平对经济"略微构成限制"，并称这是"恰到好处的"。 施密德在堪萨斯城的一次演讲中补充道："在通胀仍然过高的情况下，货币政策应抑制需求增长，为供 给增长和缓解经济中的价格压力留出空间。" 自上次议息会议以来的几周里，随着决策者们公开发表对未来货币政策路径的看法，美联储内部的利率 ...

Group 1: Global Macro News - The U.S. government has entered a shutdown due to budget disagreements, marking the first shutdown in seven years, with a focus on the Affordable Care Act subsidies[3] - Japan's new Prime Minister, Sanae Takaichi, is expected to implement fiscal expansion policies, positively impacting Japanese stocks while putting pressure on the yen and Japanese bonds[4] - France's Prime Minister, Le Cornu, resigned after only 27 days in office, highlighting ongoing political and fiscal crises in France[4] Group 2: Global Economic Indicators - The U.S. ADP employment change for September was -32,000, significantly below the expected 51,000, indicating continued weakness in the labor market[4] - The U.S. manufacturing PMI for September rose slightly to 49.1%, while the Eurozone and Japan saw declines to 49.8% and 48.5%, respectively, indicating marginal economic weakening in these regions[4] Group 3: Domestic Economic Policies - The Chinese government announced a new policy financial tool worth 500 billion yuan aimed at supplementing project capital, with a focus on accelerating project construction[5] - The People's Bank of China emphasized the need for effective monetary policy execution to support economic stability and growth[5] Group 4: Domestic Economic Performance - China's manufacturing PMI for September was 49.8%, slightly up from 49.4% in August, but still below the seasonal average of 50.2%[5] - Domestic consumption during the National Day holiday showed a volume increase of 10-20% year-on-year, but average spending per person declined[6]

问及对关税的看法，鲁宾坦言，开放贸易在过去曾极大地造福美国经济，而新一轮关税政策 方向错误。他解释说，关税并非持续性的通胀，而是一种"一次性的成本上升"，会提高生 产者成本，削弱企业竞争力，并最终通过价格传导给消费者。他引用已故美联储前主席保罗 ·沃尔克的话强调，一旦通胀预期被点燃，就很难遏制。市场上有人将关税视为财政增收手 段，但鲁宾认为这是严重的误判。他认为，关税收入在整体赤字中只是杯水车薪，最终伤害 的将是普通消费者和经济增长。 2025年10月7日，在美国格林威治经济论坛上，美国前财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾（Robert Rubin）分享了他对全球市场风险、关税政策、通胀前景以及人工智能冲击的判断。新浪财 经作为长期媒体合作伙伴到会报道。 谈到人工智能，鲁宾表现出谨慎乐观。他表示，AI对生产率的促进可能是巨大的，也在一定 程度上改善财政与增长率。但与此同时，就业替代效应会非常显著。AI本质上是在构建更强 大的类神经系统，从日常任务逐步过渡到复杂认知。 但对于部分美联储官员提出的"通过更宽松的货币政策缓冲AI失业"的主张，鲁宾明确反对。 他指出，若经济运行过热，通胀上行、美元走弱、利率升高的连锁效应将带来更大 ...

The Bank of Thailand held its policy rate steady, surprising markets with its first decision under the new governor's tenure. ...

格隆汇10月8日｜因美联储官员警告反对过快放松货币政策，削弱了金属需求获提振的逻辑，铜价应声 下跌。卡什卡里是最新一位发出警告的官员，他表示，在通胀仍居高不下的情况下，不应大幅下调美国 利率。通常而言，利率下降会促使投资者买入铜等无息资产。近几周，伦敦金属交易所铜价大幅上涨 ——一方面交易员聚焦美联储可能放松政策的预期，另一方面主要矿山停产导致铜供应受限。目前铜期 货价格已接近2024年创下的历史高点。花旗集团分析师认为，受供应缩减及美元走软等利好宏观趋势推 动，明年上半年铜价有望涨至每吨1.2万美元。不过分析师们也指出，随着此前停产的矿山恢复生产， 2026年铜价应会逐步回落。 ...

文/康路 发自格林威治 尽管对政策方向颇有批评，鲁宾仍坚信美国的根基牢固。他强调，美国拥有灵活的劳动力市场、无与伦 比的资本市场、顶尖大学与强大的创新文化。然而，他同时警告，美国正在"自我削弱"——攻击大学、 削减科研预算、收紧移民政策等行为都在损害长期竞争力。 对于近期黄金价格的上涨，鲁宾态度平静。他认为，黄金只是一种心理避险工具，没有使用价值，也无 法作为判断宏观趋势的依据。"几千年来，人们在不确定中寻求安全感，"但他表示，不会把金价当作经 济方向的信号。 鲁宾被认为是克林顿时代经济繁荣的重要推手，主导推动了1993年赤字削减法案和1997年平衡预算法案 的通过。 责任编辑：郝欣煜 问及对关税的看法，鲁宾坦言，开放贸易在过去曾极大地造福美国经济，而新一轮关税政策方向错误。 他解释说，关税并非持续性的通胀，而是一种"一次性的成本上升"，会提高生产者成本，削弱企业竞争 力，并最终通过价格传导给消费者。他引用已故美联储前主席保罗·沃尔克的话强调，一旦通胀预期被 点燃，就很难遏制。市场上有人将关税视为财政增收手段，但鲁宾认为这是严重的误判。他认为，关税 收入在整体赤字中只是杯水车薪，最终伤害的将是普通消费者和经济 ...

美联储理事米兰：美联储在政治周期之外制定货币政策十分重要。 来源：滚动播报 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that financial conditions are influenced by factors beyond just monetary policy [1] Group 2 - The statement emphasizes the complexity of financial conditions, suggesting that they are shaped by a variety of economic factors [1]

美联储官员米兰表示，若货币政策不进行调整，将存在风险。 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating Not mentioned in the report. Core Viewpoints The report comprehensively analyzes overseas and domestic macro - dynamic trends during the National Day holiday. Overseas, the US government shutdown, economic data fluctuations, and changes in market expectations for the Fed's interest rate cuts are the main focuses. Domestically, A - shares show a structural market, and the bond market maintains an oscillating pattern. Meanwhile, the National Day holiday sees a significant increase in cross - regional passenger flow, a boost in the tourism market, and a stable performance in the movie market [12][5][6][7][8]. Summary by Directory 1. Overseas Macro - dynamic Tracking 1.1 Overseas Assets: Equity Rallies, Gold Hits New High - During the National Day holiday, the expectation of two more Fed rate cuts this year strengthened, leading to a decline in the 2Y US Treasury yield. The US government shutdown pushed up the term spread, and gold prices soared to a record high. OPEC+ considering increased production in the next three months caused oil prices to fall. - Global major stock indices mostly rose. The S&P 500, Dow, and Nasdaq increased by 1.19%, 0.82%, and 1.49% respectively in the week up to October 6. - In the commodity market, gold, silver, and copper prices rose, while oil prices fell. The US dollar slightly increased, and the euro and yen against the US dollar declined [13][15]. 1.2 Overseas Politics: Focus on the US Government Shutdown - The US federal government shut down on October 1 due to the Senate's rejection of the Republican's temporary appropriation bill. The probability of this shutdown lasting until October 15 or later is 70%. - The government shutdown may impact GDP through consumption, business operations, and government spending. Historical data shows that previous shutdowns led to a decline in GDP growth rates [19][22][23]. - Other political hot - spots include new US tariffs, the Trump administration's plan to end the Gaza conflict, and the Supreme Court's ruling on the Fed official's dismissal [24]. 1.3 Economic Data: US Employment and PMI - US JOLTS job openings in August were higher than expected, with an increase mainly in healthcare and accommodation & catering, and a significant decline in construction and the federal government. - US ADP employment in September was significantly lower than expected, with a decrease of 32,000 people, the largest decline since March 2023. - The US ISM manufacturing PMI in September was slightly higher than expected, but new order demand was weak. The ISM services PMI was significantly lower than expected, with a sharp decline in business activity and new orders [27][29][34]. 1.4 Fed: Market Rate - cut Expectations Strengthen - Fed officials had different stances during the holiday. Logan and Goolsbee were hawkish, while Milan was dovish. - Market expectations for two more rate cuts this year strengthened. As of October 3, the probability of 25bp rate cuts in October and December was 86.3%, up from 65.4% a week ago [37][38][39]. 2. Domestic Macro - dynamic Tracking 2.1 Domestic Assets: A - shares' Structural Market, Bond Market Maintains Oscillating Pattern - In late September, A - shares were led by the technology - growth sector. The Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, ChiNext Index, and STAR 50 Index all rose. Looking ahead, A - shares will continue the structural market driven by policies and liquidity. - The bond market is in an environment where negatives outweigh positives, with interest rates likely to oscillate. Short - term bonds are stable, while ultra - long - term bonds are weak [41]. 2.2 National Day Passenger Flow: Cross - regional Passenger Volume Hits a New High - During the first half of the 2025 National Day and Mid - Autumn Festival holiday (up to October 4), the cross - regional passenger volume reached about 1.25 billion person - times, a 5.7% increase from the previous year, with a daily average of over 310 million person - times [6]. 2.3 National Day Tourism: Travel Radius Further Expands - The 8 - day holiday boosted both domestic and outbound tourism. Long - distance outdoor consumption demand was evident, and outbound tourism continued to heat up. For example, bookings for trips to Russia increased nearly three - fold after the visa - free policy, and the top 10 popular outbound destinations included Japan, Thailand, etc. [7][47]. 2.4 Off - line Consumption: National Day Movie Market Remains Stable - As of 17:28 on October 6, the total box office (including pre - sales) of the 2025 National Day movie season exceeded 1.5 billion yuan, slightly lower than last year. The average ticket price decreased, and the market remained stable due to price concessions and diversified supply [8][50].