2025年，国内债市跌宕起伏，利率处在长期下行趋势当中，但投资债券的收益却不见得好。从债券基金来看，纯债基金告别往日的稳赚不赔，开始大量出现 年收益为负的产品，而久期策略的不同也是导致不同产品间差异较大的因素。从全年来看，中长期债基年收益上限明显高于短债基金，而中长期债券的供应 难度或也是市场面临的关键难题。 中长期债基年收益上限明显高于短债基金 从2025年开始，债市出现许多特殊情形，主要体现为与过往市场经验有所不同。一方面，在利率长期下行趋势下没有展现出债券的吸引力；另一方面，即便 股市震荡调整，债市也缺乏对避险资金的吸引力。 一个明显的特征是，2025年想在债市"躺赢"很难，市场对投资债券的公募基金提出了更高要求。从年内的收益率排名来看，的确也与往年有大的不同，至少 从平均的收益水平来看，已经告别了4%的债基投资时代。 Wind统计显示，纯债基金当中，2025年内的中长期纯债基金业绩均值为1.02%，短债基金则为1.49%。尽管固收类的产品与货币政策的调整有很大的关系， 但长期以来，债基的配置灵活性多样，在不少低利率年代，类似的年度业绩均值也比较少见。 从宏观与政策背景来看，2025年经济修复节奏偏缓， ...

1月5日，十年国债ETF（511260）回调超0.1%，市场预期与政策博弈下的债市走向 每日经济新闻 开源证券指出，10月PMI大幅回落表明经济阶段性承压，但政策端加码发力后，11月PMI环比微幅改 善，12月环比大幅回升至50.1%，创4月以来新高，显示政策效果明显。12月原材料库存处于历史低 位，补库或开启，可能推动经济回升。债市方面，10年国债目标区间为2-3%，中枢或为2.5%。 值得关注的是，十年国债ETF成立以来经历了2018-2024年共计7个完整自然年度，均保持每年正收益， 有望成为穿越牛熊周期的资产配置利器。 风险提示：数据来源基金定期报告、wind，相关业绩经托管行核对，过往表现不代表未来。十年国债 ETF成立于2017年8月4日，2017年-2025年上半年净值增长率/业绩比较基准为：-1.55%/-1.01%； 7.6%/8.47%；2.49%/4.81%；1.92%/2.09%；5.19%/5.78%；2.52%/2.87%；4.37%/4.83%；9.02%/8.09%； 0.67%/-0.24%。提及个股仅用于行业事件分析，不构成任何个股推荐或投资建议。指数等短期涨跌仅供 参考， ...

对于2026年债市前景，国金资管认为，积极的财政政策或持续发力，央行流动性可能维持宽松以配合财 政政策落地，政策工具箱仍有一定空间，2026年债市收益率或继续维持宽幅震荡状态。 就CTA组合而言，国金资管目前仍然以中性态度保持观望，主要原因仍然在于市场缺少类似过往大规模 投资或全面货币宽松带来的趋势性机会，个别品种虽然具备一定的产业逻辑支撑，但在组合投资语境下 结构或略显单一，收益风险比或需进一步观察。 中证报中证网讯（记者 胡雨）日前国金资管发布报告，对2026年多类资产的配置前景进行展望。国金 资管认为，整体上而言，2026年权益市场的投资机会或更具广度和纵深，债市收益率或继续维持宽幅震 荡状态。 对于2026年股市前景，国金资管认为，当前流动性环境和政策监管环境持续完善，长期资金呈持续流入 趋势，叠加经济呈现出结构性亮点，有望驱动部分行业基本面景气度向上从而孕育出结构性机会，整个 权益市场的投资机会或更具广度和纵深。 ...

相关机构表示，从近日发布的经济数据来看，目前国内总需求尚待修复，通胀回升的基础仍不稳固，对 债市形成边际利好。期限利差的扩大不利于货币政策传导，在流动性维持宽松的环境下，短端利率下行 有望传导至长端。考虑次年财政端压力或相对可控，在宽货币工具仍待落地的环境下，长远来看长债仍 具配置价值。 十年国债ETF（511260）跟踪上证10年期国债指数，选取剩余期限7到10年且在上交所挂牌的国债作为 样本，久期恒定。从过往表现来看，十年国债ETF（511260）成立以来净值屡创新高，历史业绩持续稳 健。根据基金定期报告，截止三季度末，近1年回报率达4.17%，近3年回报率达14.04%，近5年回报率 达23.39%，成立至今累计回报率达35.77%。 值得关注的是，十年国债ETF成立以来经历了2018-2024年共计7个完整自然年度，均保持每年正收益， 有望成为穿越牛熊周期的资产配置利器。 风险提示：数据来源基金定期报告、wind，相关业绩经托管行核对，过往表现不代表未来。十年国债 ETF成立于2017年8月4日，2017年-2025年上半年净值增长率/业绩比较基准为：-1.55%/-1.01%； 7.6%/8.47% ...

根据wind数据，十年国债ETF（511260）盘中净流入2000万份，资金抢筹布局。 相关机构表示，从供给端来看，未来一段时间的供给压力有所缓和，同时随着利差变化，供给端期限存 在调整可能，长端利率压力有望减轻。从需求端看，银行指标压力阶段性缓和，年初银行或获得新的资 本补充，减持趋势将转为增持。此外，交易型机构仓位的下降意味着抛售力量正在逐渐下降，市场企稳 之后交易型机构补仓反而有望推动市场企稳。 （文章来源：每日经济新闻） 十年国债ETF（511260）跟踪上证10年期国债指数，选取剩余期限7到10年且在上交所挂牌的国债作为 样本，久期恒定。从过往表现来看，十年国债ETF（511260）成立以来净值屡创新高，历史业绩持续稳 健。根据基金定期报告，截止三季度末，近1年回报率达4.17%，近3年回报率达14.04%，近5年回报率 达23.39%，成立至今累计回报率达35.77%。 值得关注的是，十年国债ETF成立以来经历了2018-2024年共计7个完整自然年度，均保持每年正收益， 有望成为穿越牛熊周期的资产配置利器。 ...

Fixed Income - The manufacturing PMI showed a slight rebound in November, but corporate profits remain under pressure, indicating potential economic downturn in Q4 [2][7] - Industrial profits fell significantly in October, with a year-on-year decline of 5.5%, reflecting a slowdown in economic growth compared to Q1 and Q2 [2][8] - The bond market is expected to perform well, with a forecasted decline in bond yields, driven by the necessity for policy interest rate cuts [10] Real Estate - Vanke's bond extension has negatively impacted the secondary market valuations of other real estate companies, although the overall effect is limited [13][18] - Vanke's financial situation remains precarious, with reliance on external financing for debt repayment, raising concerns about potential defaults [12][18] Transportation - The shipping industry is experiencing record high earnings, with VLCC daily earnings reaching $120,248 in November, the best performance since 2004 [20][23] - The logistics sector is seeing advancements in automation, with companies like Yunda and Jitu implementing automated sorting systems and unmanned delivery vehicles [20][21] Energy - The energy sector is focusing on the development of new storage capacity and pricing mechanisms, with provinces like Hubei and Heilongjiang advancing their storage system plans [4][10] Media - The film industry is witnessing a resurgence, with "Zootopia 2" grossing over 1.3 billion yuan, indicating strong market demand for quality films [4][6] Healthcare - Microelectrophysiology company has received approval for its self-developed PFA catheter, expanding its product matrix in the electrophysiology market [5][6] Consumer Goods - Bosideng reported a revenue increase of 1.4% in the first half of FY2025/26, driven by strong performance in its core down jacket business [5][6]

Group 1: Economic Financing Demand - The financing demand in the real economy remains relatively stable, with a focus on observing total financial indicators rather than single credit data fluctuations[1] - In October, the new social financing (社融) scale was 8,150 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 5,970 billion yuan, primarily due to a decline in credit and government bond issuance[8] - Excluding the impact of government bond issuance timing, the social financing data showed only a minor decrease of 378 billion yuan compared to the previous year[9] Group 2: Household Credit and Confidence - In October, new household credit data turned negative at -3,604 billion yuan, marking the fourth negative turn this year, reflecting a contraction in household balance sheets[12] - The decline in new short-term loans was -2,866 billion yuan, indicating that repayments exceeded new loans, which suggests weakened consumer confidence[12] - The new medium- and long-term loans also decreased by -700 billion yuan, indicating early repayment of mortgages by households[12] Group 3: Savings and Investment Trends - In October, new household deposits decreased by -13,400 billion yuan, a year-on-year decline of 7,700 billion yuan, while non-bank financial institutions saw an increase of 18,500 billion yuan in deposits[13] - The bank wealth management market has grown to 31.6 trillion yuan, with a month-on-month increase of 0.36 trillion yuan, indicating a shift towards more stable asset allocations[13] - The new fund-raising scale in October was 910.49 billion yuan, a decrease of 40.14% from the previous month, with bond funds and mixed funds showing significant contributions[13] Group 4: Monetary Supply and Price Index - In October, M1 grew by 6.2% year-on-year, while M2 grew by 8.2%, indicating a divergence in monetary supply growth rates[15] - The negative differential between M1 and M2 growth rates has ended, with a current differential of -2%[15] - If subsequent data does not improve, there may be risks of weakening in the Producer Price Index (PPI) growth rate in the short term[15] Group 5: Future Outlook and Investment Opportunities - The demand for financing in the real economy is expected to remain stable, with a focus on consumption recovery and potential investment opportunities in the bond market[17] - The anticipated peak yield for 10-year government bonds is projected at 1.85%, suggesting a favorable environment for bond investments[17] - Key investment directions include service consumption and emerging sectors such as emotional economy, camping economy, and pet economy[17]

Group 1 - The probability of a comprehensive reserve requirement cut is low in the current economic cycle, with the central bank likely to use a combination of liquidity management tools instead of solely relying on reserve cuts [1] - The mechanism for creating base currency has shifted from passive foreign exchange reserve injection to active central bank injection, indicating limited future potential for reserve increases [1] - Reserve cuts are viewed as a scarce tool for releasing medium to long-term liquidity, making it a valuable option compared to short-term policy rate tools [1] Group 2 - The window for interest rate cuts is expected to open between Q4 of this year and Q1 of next year, with the bond market typically pricing in expectations of monetary easing in advance [1] - It is suggested to seize opportunities before the implementation of interest rate cuts rather than speculating on the timing of the cuts, with expectations for the 10Y government bond yield to decline to 1.65%-1.7% [1] Group 3 - As of November 12, 2025, the active bond ETF for 5-10 year government bonds has seen a 0.02% increase, with a cumulative increase of 3.21% over the past year [2] - The latest size of the 5-10 year government bond ETF reached 1.656 billion, marking a six-month high, with recent inflows balancing out [3] - The 5-10 year government bond ETF has shown a net value increase of 21.99% over the past five years, ranking in the top 16.57% among index bond funds [3] Group 4 - The maximum drawdown for the 5-10 year government bond ETF over the past six months is 1.09%, with a relative benchmark drawdown of 0.46% [4] - The management fee for the 5-10 year government bond ETF is 0.15%, and the custody fee is 0.05% [5] Group 5 - The tracking error for the 5-10 year government bond ETF over the past month is 0.024%, closely tracking the index of active government bonds with maturities of 5, 7, and 10 years [6]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China has resumed public market treasury bond trading operations in October after a suspension earlier in the year, indicating a shift in monetary policy [1] - In October, the central bank injected 20 billion yuan into the market, which is seen as a positive signal for the bond market [1] - Market experts believe that the resumption of operations will benefit long-term interest rate bonds and "fixed income+" investment products, suggesting that investors should seize the investment opportunities [1]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Report's Core View - In October, foreign trade fell short of expectations, while prices showed some improvement. The economic downward pressure in Q4 may increase. The year - on - year growth of economic data in Q3 slowed down compared to Q1 and Q2, with cumulative year - on - year negative growth in fixed investment, indicating that the traditional investment - driven economic model may face challenges. Consumption and exports may face pressure. Consumer willingness remains weak, and the slow price recovery in October reflects weak domestic economic recovery momentum. Exports may face year - on - year growth pressure in Q4 2025 due to good performance in Q4 2024. The year - on - year foreign trade data in October dropped significantly compared to September. However, the cancellation of fentanyl tariffs and the extension of the reciprocal tariff suspension period between China and the US on October 30 may support foreign trade in November and December. With the start of the Fed's interest - rate cut cycle, the inverted Sino - US interest rate spread has significantly eased, and the cost rate of banks' interest - bearing liabilities has steadily declined, suggesting that the conditions for a further reduction in policy interest rates may be initially met [2][76]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Macro News - **Price Index**: In October, the price index improved. CPI increased by 0.2% year - on - year, up 0.5 percentage points from the previous month. PPI's year - on - year decline narrowed to 2.1%, up 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, and its month - on - month change turned positive. Looking ahead, food prices in Q4 may see a slower decline due to the low base last year, service prices may maintain steady growth, and the prices of daily necessities and services may continue to perform well. PPI's year - on - year decline has narrowed for three consecutive months. From a breakdown perspective, the year - on - year decline in production materials remained flat at - 2.4%, while that in living materials narrowed to - 1.4%, up 0.3 percentage points from September [10][11][16]. - **Foreign Trade**: In October, the year - on - year growth of imports and exports decreased significantly compared to the previous month, falling short of market expectations. In the first ten months of 2025, China's total goods trade value reached 37.3 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 3.6%. In October, the total value of goods trade was 3.7 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 0.1%. Exports were 2.17 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 0.8%, and imports were 1.53 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 1.4%, marking the fifth consecutive month of growth [20]. 3.2 Meso - level High - frequency Data - **Consumption**: As of October 31, the daily average retail volume of passenger vehicle manufacturers was 155,000 units, a year - on - year increase of 47.2%, and the daily average wholesale volume was 210,000 units, a year - on - year increase of 23.9%. As of November 7, the total box office revenue of national movies in the past 7 days was 207.183 million yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 52.5%. As of October 17, the total retail volume of three major household appliances was 1.724 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 32.4%, and the total retail sales were 4.79 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 35.9% [23][28]. - **Transportation**: As of November 2, the weekly container throughput at ports was 6.718 million twenty - foot equivalent units, a year - on - year increase of 18.4%. As of November 6, the average daily subway passenger volume in first - tier cities in the past 7 days was 4.0606 million person - times, a year - on - year increase of 5.5%. As of November 2, the weekly postal express pick - up volume was 4.28 billion pieces, a year - on - year increase of 8.2%, and the delivery volume was 4.31 billion pieces, a year - on - year increase of 10.0%. The weekly railway freight volume was 78.562 million tons, a year - on - year decrease of 2.7%, and the number of highway truck passages was 57.572 million vehicles, a year - on - year increase of 4.4% [33][36]. - **Industrial Operating Rates**: As of November 5, the operating rate of blast furnaces in major steel enterprises was 77.8%, a year - on - year increase of 1.4 percentage points. As of November 6, the average operating rate of asphalt was 22.0%, a year - on - year decrease of 3.0 percentage points. The operating rate of soda ash was 85.5%, a year - on - year decrease of 0.2 percentage points, and the operating rate of PVC was 80.6%, a year - on - year increase of 4.0 percentage points. As of November 7, the average operating rate of PX was 90.2%, and that of PTA was 77.0% [39][41]. - **Real Estate**: As of November 7, the total commercial housing transaction area in 30 large - and medium - sized cities in the past 7 days was 1.527 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 37.9%. As of October 31, the transaction area of second - hand housing in 9 sample cities was 1.599 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 27.3% [46][48]. - **Prices**: As of November 7, the average weekly pork wholesale price was 18.1 yuan/kg, a year - on - year decrease of 25.7% and a 4.6% decrease from 4 weeks ago. The average vegetable wholesale price was 5.8 yuan/kg, a year - on - year increase of 9.9% and a 16.6% increase from 4 weeks ago. The average wholesale price of 6 key fruits was 7.1 yuan/kg, a year - on - year decrease of 1.8% and a 0.6% increase from 4 weeks ago. The average weekly price of thermal coal at northern ports was 778 yuan/ton, a year - on - year decrease of 8.8% and an 11.1% increase from 4 weeks ago. The average weekly spot price of WTI crude oil was 60.3 US dollars/barrel, a year - on - year decrease of 15.5% and a 4.1% decrease from 4 weeks ago. The average weekly spot price of rebar was 3149.9 yuan/ton, a year - on - year decrease of 9.2% and a 0.9% decrease from 4 weeks ago. The average weekly spot price of iron ore was 799 yuan/ton, a year - on - year increase of 1.2% and a 0.1% increase from 4 weeks ago [52][56]. 3.3 Bond and Foreign Exchange Markets - Most bond yields increased. On November 7, the overnight Shibor was 1.33%, up 1.40 BP from November 3. R001 was 1.39%, up 2.54 BP; R007 was 1.47%, up 0.73 BP. DR001 was 1.33%, up 1.73 BP; DR007 was 1.41%, down 0.57 BP. IBO001 was 1.38%, up 2.10 BP; IBO007 was 1.46%, down 0.22 BP. The yields of 1 - year/5 - year/10 - year/30 - year treasury bonds were 1.40%/1.59%/1.82%/2.16% respectively, up 1.8 BP/1.9 BP/1.9 BP/1.6 BP compared to October 31. The yields of 1 - year/5 - year/10 - year local government bonds were 1.48%/1.76%/2.00% respectively, down 0.7 BP/1.3 BP/3.8 BP compared to October 31. The yields of AAA 1 - month/1 - year and AA+ 1 - month/1 - year inter - bank certificates of deposit were 1.47%/1.64%/1.49%/1.67% respectively, up 6.1 BP/0.5 BP/6.1 BP/0.5 BP compared to October 31. As of November 7, the 10 - year treasury bond yields of the US, Japan, the UK, and Germany were 4.1%, 1.7%, 4.5%, and 2.8% respectively, unchanged/+2 BP/+5 BP/+4 BP compared to October 31. The central parity rate and spot exchange rate of the US dollar against the RMB were 7.08/7.12 respectively, down 44/+90 pips compared to October 31 [58][62][71]. 3.4 Institutional Behavior - Since the beginning of 2025, the duration of medium - and long - term pure bond funds for interest - rate bonds has shown a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing. It has been decreasing overall in the past two months and increased this week. On November 7, 2025, the estimated average duration was around 5.0 years, and the estimated median duration was around 4.4 years, an increase of about 0.01 years compared to October 31. The duration of medium - and long - term pure bond funds for credit bonds has shown a volatile trend. It increased and then rapidly decreased in the past month and continued to decline rapidly this week. On November 7, 2025, the estimated average and median durations were around 2.1 years, a decrease of about 0.1 years compared to October [73][75]. 3.5 Investment Suggestion - The bond market trend may deviate from the fundamentals in the short term but cannot do so in the long term. Currently, the bond market has significant allocation value, and bond yields may decline fluctuantly. According to seasonal patterns, treasury bond yields usually decline significantly in November and December. Due to weak domestic consumption willingness and the start of the Fed's interest - rate cut cycle, the policy interest rate may be cut by 20 BP in the next six months. The central bank's resumption of treasury bond trading may have set the upper limit for bond yields, and future pricing may reflect the expected policy - rate cut. The report continues to be bullish on the bond market, predicting that the yield of 10Y treasury bonds will return to around 1.65%, the yield of 30Y treasury bonds will reach 1.9%, and the yield of 5Y secondary capital bonds of large banks will reach 1.9% (all referring to bonds without VAT) by the end of the year [76][79].