2025 年 10 月 09 日 证券研究报告 | 策略周报 长假期间国内外大事速递 策略周报 分析师：郝一凡 分析师登记编码：S0890524080002 电话：021-20321080 邮箱：haoyifan@cnhbstock.com 分析师：刘芳 分析师登记编码：S0890524100002 电话：021-20321091 邮箱：liufang@cnhbstock.com 销售服务电话： 021-20515355 相关研究报告 1、《节前波动有所放大，持股还是持币 过节？ —策略周报》2025-09-29 2、《长假临近，震荡分化延续 —策略周 报》2025-09-21 3、《颠簸初现，成长风格人气仍高 —策 略周报》2025-09-07 4、《A 股 8 月强势收官，9 月有哪些变 数？ —策略周报》2025-08-31 5、《沪指强势反弹，周期成长轮动 —策 略周报》2025-08-10 投资要点 美国政府"停摆"。 日本自民党选出首位女总裁，即将成为日本历史上第一位女首相。 中东地缘风险降温。 黄金再创新高，中国央行连续第 11 个月增持黄金。 国庆中秋假期超 24 亿人次跨区域流动，创历史同期 ...

报告要点 证券研究报告 | 宏观研究 内需偏弱下的经济修复与政策应对 平减指数出现较长期负增长，通缩螺旋持续强化，且与过去两次有所不同。 2023 年二季度以来，GDP 平减指数连续 9 个季度负增长，包含 2025 年二季 度，已经达到三年时间。超过了亚洲金融危机时期的 6 个季度以及全球金融危 机冲击下的 3 个季度。我们认为尽管三轮平减指数为负的现象在表面上相似， 其背后的成因、机制与表现形式却存在实质性差异。1998 年和 2008 年是由 外部冲击诱发、通过快速政策刺激予以对冲的短期收缩，而本轮则是缺乏外部 冲击背景下持续时间偏长、结构特征较为复杂的一轮名义价格收缩周期。我们 认为不仅表征出物价下行的表层问题，更预示着经济运行内部机制面临深度调 整的转折期。 内需偏弱并非周期性，而是结构性。本轮通缩不是单纯的"需求不足"，而是由 房地产、债务和财政相互咬合、反复放大的链式反应：房价下跌和销量转弱削 弱了居民财富效应与企业利润，资产负债表恶化进一步压低银行风险偏好与信 贷派生；土地财政退潮令专项债从"增量投资"转为"缺口填补"，公共投资乘数 下降；名义增速与物价随之走弱，通缩预期被固化。正因如此，政策 ...

Market Overview - The three major indices in the A-share market experienced fluctuations and closed higher, with the Shanghai Composite Index at 3828.58 points, up 0.22% [4] - The total market turnover decreased to 2.1 trillion yuan, indicating cautious trading behavior as the holiday approaches [1] - Margin trading balances decreased by 4.2 billion yuan, reflecting a marginal contraction in leveraged fund sentiment [1] Economic Policy and Monetary Environment - The People's Bank of China announced that the Loan Prime Rate (LPR) remained unchanged at 3.0% for the one-year term and 3.5% for the five-year term, consistent with market expectations [2] - The stability of the LPR is intended to maintain continuity in the interest rate environment, as the macroeconomic policy is currently in an observation phase [2] - The central bank conducted a 240.5 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation at a rate of 1.40%, indicating efforts to manage liquidity ahead of the quarter-end and holiday [3] Steel Industry Developments - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released a plan for the steel industry aiming for an average annual growth of around 4% in value-added output from 2025 to 2026 [3] - The plan addresses the imbalance of excessive supply and insufficient effective demand, focusing on precise capacity control and enhancing high-end product supply capabilities [3] - The initiative aims to stabilize the industrial base and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, potentially benefiting leading steel enterprises through resource concentration and industry consolidation [3] Sector Performance - In the stock market, sectors such as electronics, computers, and non-ferrous metals showed strong performance, with increases of 3.71%, 1.70%, and 0.98% respectively [4] - Conversely, sectors like social services, beauty care, and retail experienced declines, with drops of 2.04%, 1.36%, and 1.31% respectively [4] - A total of 2132 stocks rose while 2990 stocks fell, indicating a mixed market sentiment [4]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state the industry investment rating. 2. Report's Core View - The bond market adjusted significantly this week. The narrowing year - on - year decline in August's CPI and the four - month consecutive rise in core CPI indicate marginal improvement in domestic demand, but food prices still drag. The narrowing year - on - year decline in PPI and the end of eight - month consecutive decline in the month - on - month data are mainly supported by policy - driven industrial product price repairs. The export growth rate in the first eight months dropped to 6.9%, and the import decline narrowed to - 1.2%, reflecting the resilience of external demand but uneven domestic demand repair. The main reasons for the bond market adjustment this week may include policy expectation disturbances and the continuous disturbance of the stock - bond seesaw effect. The short - term bond market may be suppressed by sentiment, but the report is bullish on the bond market in the long run, expecting the 10Y Treasury yield to be between 1.6% - 1.8% in the second half of the year [2][10][82]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Macro News - In August, CPI decreased by 0.4% year - on - year, with the same month - on - month figure as last month, and core CPI rose to 0.9%. PPI's year - on - year decline narrowed to - 2.9%, the first narrowing since February this year, and the month - on - month change turned flat, ending eight - month consecutive decline. - In the first eight months, the total value of China's goods trade imports and exports was 29.6 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 3.5%. The export growth rate dropped by 0.4 pct to 6.9%, and the import decline narrowed by 0.4 pct to - 1.2%. - At the end of August, M2 balance was 332.0 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 8.8%; M1 balance was 111.2 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 6%. The cumulative increase in social financing scale in the first eight months was 26.6 trillion yuan, 4.7 trillion yuan more than the same period last year. - The US CPI in August increased by 2.9% year - on - year, a new high since January, and 0.4% month - on - month, higher than expected. Core CPI increased by 3.1% year - on - year and 0.3% month - on - month in August, both in line with market expectations [12][17][19][21]. 3.2 Medium - term High - frequency Data 3.2.1 Consumption - As of September 7, the daily average retail volume of passenger car manufacturers was 4.3 million vehicles, a year - on - year decrease of 10.3%, and the daily average wholesale volume was 4.4 million vehicles, a year - on - year decrease of 5.1%. - As of September 12, the total box office revenue of national movies in the past 7 days was 35782.6 million yuan, a year - on - year increase of 41.0%. - As of August 29, the total retail volume of three major household appliances was 1.337 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 9.9%, and the total retail sales were 2.13 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 33.5% [24][28]. 3.2.2 Transportation - As of September 7, the weekly container throughput of ports was 6.646 million twenty - foot equivalent units, a year - on - year increase of 13.4%. - As of September 11, the average daily subway passenger volume in first - tier cities in the past 7 days was 37.473 million person - times, a year - on - year increase of 2.0%. - As of September 7, the weekly postal express pick - up volume was 3.86 billion pieces, a year - on - year increase of 9.2%. - As of September 7, the weekly railway freight volume was 79.043 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 4.1%, and the weekly highway truck traffic volume was 5.436 million vehicles, a year - on - year decrease of 0.6% [34][36][39]. 3.2.3 Industrial Operating Rates - As of September 10, the blast furnace operating rate of major steel enterprises nationwide was 77.3%, a year - on - year increase of 1.8 pct. - As of September 11, the average asphalt operating rate was 26.0%, a year - on - year increase of 5.0 pct. - As of September 11, the soda ash operating rate was 87.5%, a year - on - year increase of 12.9 pct, and the PVC operating rate was 79.8%, a year - on - year increase of 3.8 pct. - As of September 12, the average PX operating rate was 87.0%, and the average PTA operating rate was 74.7% [42][44]. 3.2.4 Real Estate - As of September 12, the total commercial housing transaction area in 30 large and medium - sized cities in the past 7 days was 1.488 million square meters, a year - on - year increase of 6.2%. - As of September 5, the second - hand housing transaction area in 9 sample cities was 1.234 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 5.5% [47]. 3.2.5 Prices - As of September 12, the average weekly pork wholesale price was 19.9 yuan/kg, a year - on - year decrease of 26.3% and a 1.3% decrease compared to four weeks ago; the average vegetable wholesale price was 5.1 yuan/kg, a year - on - year decrease of 16.0% and an 8.7% increase compared to four weeks ago; the average wholesale price of 6 key fruits was 6.9 yuan/kg, a year - on - year decrease of 4.4% and a 1.0% decrease compared to four weeks ago. - As of September 12, the average weekly price of thermal coal at northern ports was 682.0 yuan/ton, a year - on - year decrease of 19.8% and a 1.0% decrease compared to four weeks ago; the average weekly WTI crude oil spot price was 62.6 US dollars/barrel, a year - on - year decrease of 7.6% and a 1.5% decrease compared to four weeks ago. - As of September 12, the average weekly spot price of rebar was 3138.0 yuan/ton, a year - on - year decrease of 1.7% and a 5.5% decrease compared to four weeks ago; the average weekly spot price of iron ore was 804.9 yuan/ton, a year - on - year increase of 14.2% and a 1.5% increase compared to four weeks ago [48][53][55]. 3.3 Bond and Foreign Exchange Markets - On September 12, overnight Shibor was 1.37%, up 1.40 BP from September 8. R001 was 1.40%, down 1.01 BP from September 8; R007 was 1.47%, down 0.53 BP from September 8. DR001 was 1.36%, up 0.76 BP from September 8; DR007 was 1.46%, up 0.52 BP from September 8. IBO001 was 1.40%, up 0.84 BP from September 8; IBO007 was 1.50%, up 0.37 BP from September 8. - Most Treasury yields rose. On September 12, the 1 - year/5 - year/10 - year/30 - year Treasury yields were 1.40%/1.61%/1.87%/2.18%, up 0.2 BP/0.3 BP/4.1 BP/7.3 BP respectively from September 5. The 1 - year/5 - year/10 - year/30 - year yields of China Development Bank bonds were 1.58%/1.82%/2.03%/2.26%, up 4.1 BP/6.3 BP/15.8 BP/6.8 BP respectively from September 5. - On September 12, the 1 - year/5 - year/10 - year yields of local government bonds were 1.54%/1.84%/2.03%, up 8.7 BP/0.5 BP/2.1 BP respectively from September 5. The yields of AAA 1 - month/1 - year and AA+ 1 - month/1 - year inter - bank certificates of deposit were 1.55%/1.68%/1.57%/1.71%, up 12.1 BP/1.1 BP/12.1 BP/0.1 BP respectively from September 5. - As of September 12, 2025, the 10 - year Treasury yields of the US, Japan, the UK, and Germany were 4.1%, 1.6%, 4.7%, and 2.8%, down 4 BP/up 3 BP/up 3 BP/down 2 BP respectively from September 5. - On September 12, the central parity rate and spot exchange rate of the US dollar against the Chinese yuan were 7.10/7.12, down 45/154 pips respectively from September 5 [58][63][65][71][74]. 3.4 Institutional Behavior - Since the beginning of 2025, the duration of medium - and long - term pure bond funds investing in interest - rate bonds has shown a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing. As of September 12, 2025, the estimated median duration was about 4.7 years, a decrease of about 0.1 years compared to last week (September 5). - Since the beginning of 2025, the duration of medium - and long - term pure bond funds investing in credit bonds has shown a volatile trend. In the past month, the duration has risen rapidly and then fluctuated. As of September 12, 2025, the estimated average duration was about 3.1 years, and the estimated median duration was about 3.0 years, an increase of about 0.2 years compared to last week (September 5) [77][79]. 3.5 Investment Advice - The short - term bond market may be suppressed by sentiment, but the report remains bullish on the bond market. The year - on - year growth rate of prices in August was generally lower than expected, and this may be a stage of economic growth momentum transformation and income distribution structure adjustment. The year - on - year growth rates of exports and imports in August both declined. Coupled with the strong performance of consumption policies in the first half of the year, there may be some pressure on consumption and exports in the second half of the year. It is necessary to continuously monitor the continuation of incremental policies and price improvements. The report believes that the economic downward pressure may increase in the second half of the year, the capital market will remain loose, the central bank may restart Treasury bond purchases, and the self - operating allocation demand of banks will support the decline of bond market interest rates. The recent unexpected rise of the stock market has led to a significant adjustment in the bond market, but the bond market will ultimately return to fundamental and capital - based pricing. When the stock market adjusts, bond yields may decline rapidly. The report continues to expect the 10Y Treasury yield to be between 1.6% - 1.8% in the second half of the year, and the current 10Y Treasury yield of about 1.8% is highly cost - effective [80][82].

Core Viewpoints - The U.S. labor market continues to weaken, but not in a comprehensive manner, with high-frequency indicators showing no significant decline yet [4] - Inflation in the U.S. remains manageable, with the OPI in July rising by 2.7%, indicating a trend of overall inflation easing [4] - The Federal Reserve is likely to cut interest rates twice in the near future, reflecting a cautious approach to economic recovery [4] Macro Analysis - The U.S. economy is experiencing marginal weakening, with pressures on investment, consumption, and real estate increasing [4] - Domestic policies are currently in an observation phase, focusing on implementing existing policies while addressing weaknesses in investment and consumption [4] - The policy structure is shifting towards long-term strategic goals, emphasizing high-quality economic development and sustainable growth mechanisms [4] A-share Strategy and Views - The A-share market is expected to continue a trend of upward fluctuations, with core assets regaining profitability [4] - The market is characterized by high trading volumes and increased investor participation, indicating a strong market sentiment [4] - The upcoming key events, such as the 20th National Congress and U.S.-China trade negotiations, are anticipated to influence market performance positively [4] Asset Allocation Views - The overall asset allocation remains relatively optimistic for A-shares and U.S. bonds, while maintaining a neutral stance on other asset classes [6] - The focus is on balanced holdings, with an emphasis on technology and growth sectors, which are expected to show higher elasticity [4][6] - Continuous attention is given to global diversification opportunities, including investments in Japanese and European stocks, as well as gold [4][6]

Market Overview - The three major indices in the A-share market opened lower but turned positive, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising over 1% and trading volume slightly decreasing to 2.4 trillion yuan [1] - The margin financing balance exceeded 2.1 trillion yuan, with an increase of nearly 30 billion yuan yesterday, indicating high leverage sentiment among investors [1] Monetary Policy Insights - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) maintained the Loan Prime Rate (LPR) at 3.0% for the one-year term and 3.5% for the five-year term, signaling a continuation of the "moderately loose" monetary policy [2] - The recent monetary policy report emphasizes the need to focus on domestic demand and support for technological innovation and consumption expansion [1][2] Fiscal Policy Developments - In the first seven months of the year, China's general public budget revenue reached 1.35839 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.1%, marking the first positive growth this year [2][3] - Fiscal expenditure for the same period was 1.60737 trillion yuan, up 3.4% year-on-year, with a strong focus on key expenditures [2][3] Industry-Specific Updates - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a meeting on the photovoltaic industry, emphasizing the importance of regulating competition to promote high-quality development [3] - The meeting aims to address the issue of "involution" in the photovoltaic sector, encouraging a shift from blind expansion to sustainable growth [3] Stock Market Performance - On August 20, the A-share market saw all three major indices rise, with the Shanghai Composite Index closing at 3,766.21 points, up 1.04% [4] - Among the sectors, only the pharmaceutical and biological sector saw a decline, while beauty care, oil and petrochemicals, and electronics led the gains [4] Capital Flow Trends - The market turnover was approximately 24.49 billion yuan, showing a decrease from the previous trading day, while the margin financing balance rose to 21.32 billion yuan [6]

Core Viewpoint - The Hong Kong stock market's technology sector is experiencing a divergence, with some companies like SMIC and Xiaopeng Motors performing well, while others like Xiaomi and Tencent are declining [1][2]. Company Performance - Xiaomi reported impressive Q2 results with revenue of 116 billion RMB, a year-on-year increase of 30.5%, and an adjusted net profit of 10.83 billion RMB, up 75.4% year-on-year, marking a historical high [2]. - Tencent's Q2 revenue grew by 15% and net profit increased by 17%, indicating strong performance among leading tech companies [3]. Market Trends - Despite recent market weaknesses attributed to concerns over e-commerce price wars and economic recovery, there is a significant influx of capital into Hong Kong stocks, particularly in the technology sector, with net purchases exceeding 940 billion HKD this year [3][9]. - The Hong Kong Technology 50 ETF has seen a net inflow of over 180 million RMB in the past 14 trading days, indicating strong investor interest [3]. Valuation Insights - The current valuation of the Hong Kong technology index is at a historical low, with a price-to-earnings ratio of 22.48, suggesting a high safety margin for investors [7]. - The ETF covering major tech companies like Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi accounts for over 30% of its holdings, providing comprehensive exposure to the sector [6]. Future Outlook - The technology sector in Hong Kong is expected to perform even better in the second half of the year, driven by performance expectations and valuation restructuring [9].

Economic Indicators - The manufacturing PMI for July is at 49.3%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from June, indicating a weak recovery and potential peak in economic growth momentum[1] - The new orders index fell to 49.4%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, entering a contraction zone, suggesting tightening market demand[13] - The comprehensive PMI output index is at 50.2%, down 0.5 percentage points from last month, still indicating overall expansion in production activities[27] Sector Performance - The production index for July is at 50.5%, a decline of 0.5 percentage points, but remains in the expansion zone for three consecutive months[3] - Equipment manufacturing PMI is at 50.3% and high-tech manufacturing PMI is at 50.6%, both above the critical point, indicating continued expansion in these sectors[1] - The consumer goods industry PMI is at 49.5%, down 0.9 percentage points, while the high-energy-consuming industries PMI is at 48.0%, up 0.2 percentage points, showing mixed performance across sectors[1] External Trade and Demand - The new export orders index is at 47.1%, down 0.6 percentage points, reflecting cautious attitudes among foreign trade enterprises due to uncertainties in tariffs[16] - Port cargo throughput in July increased by 10.9% year-on-year, indicating some resilience in actual export volumes despite potential sustainability issues[17] Price Trends - The main raw material purchase price index rose to 51.5%, up 3.1 percentage points, marking the first rise above the critical point since March, indicating improved market price levels[18] - The factory price index is at 48.3%, up 2.1 percentage points, suggesting a slight recovery in manufacturing prices[18]

Core Viewpoint - The A-share market is experiencing a significant upward trend, with the Shanghai Composite Index approaching its highest point since October 2024, driven by policy support, structural changes in industries, and ample liquidity in the market [1][5][14]. Market Performance - As of July 22, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.62% to 3581.86 points, with trading volume reaching 1.93 trillion yuan, an increase from the previous day's 1.73 trillion yuan [1]. - Year-to-date, there have only been three trading days with A-share transaction amounts below 1 trillion yuan, and since July, daily trading has consistently exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan [1]. - The margin trading balance reached a three-month high of 1.92 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.25% of the A-share market's circulating market value, with an increase over 12 consecutive trading days [1]. Investor Sentiment - Optimism is spreading among investors, with some institutions declaring the start of a new bull market, predicting that the index may surpass 3700 points in the latter half of the year [1][14]. - However, some market participants caution that the 3500-point level is not a definitive indicator of a bull market, citing global economic pressures and external factors that could disrupt the A-share market [2][13]. Economic Indicators - The macroeconomic environment shows signs of improvement, with June's new RMB loans at 2.24 trillion yuan and new social financing at 4.2 trillion yuan, both exceeding market expectations [6]. - The second quarter GDP growth was reported at 5.2% year-on-year, supporting the annual growth target [7]. Sector Performance - There is a noticeable divergence in sector performance, with water conservancy and hydropower sectors showing high growth due to government funding, while previously strong sectors like banking and brokerage are weakening [9][10]. - The technology sector, particularly in areas like semiconductors and innovative pharmaceuticals, continues to perform well, with significant increases in relevant indices [9]. Future Outlook - The market is expected to continue experiencing structural opportunities, driven by ongoing policy support and economic recovery [14][15]. - Investors are advised to remain cautiously optimistic, focusing on balanced portfolio management and being aware of potential market corrections due to overheating [10][15].

Group 1 - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China is working to further regulate the competitive order in the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, addressing the current challenges of "increasing volume without increasing revenue" amid intensified price wars and trade barriers in overseas markets [3][4]. - In 2024, the profit margin of the automotive manufacturing industry is expected to decline by 7.3%, with 41.7% of automotive dealers reporting losses and 84.4% experiencing price inversions, indicating a severe "involution competition" threatening sustainable development [4]. - The meeting emphasized the need for enhanced supervision, a long-term mechanism, standard leadership, and industry self-discipline to break the vicious cycle of "subsidy dependence - price war - profit shrinkage" [4]. Group 2 - Yushu Technology has initiated its IPO process, with a strong backing from reputable institutions, and has reported an annual revenue exceeding 1 billion yuan, making it a rare profitable company in the robotics sector [5][6]. - Yushu Technology holds over 60% of the global market share in quadruped robots and has launched two humanoid robots, H1 and G1, indicating its strong position in the industry [6]. Group 3 - In the United States, the consumer confidence index rose to 61.8 in July, the highest in five months, driven by a significant drop in inflation expectations [7][8]. - The one-year inflation expectation decreased from 5.0% to 4.4%, and the five to ten-year expectation fell from 4.0% to 3.6%, reflecting a cautious outlook among consumers regarding future inflation risks [8]. Group 4 - The Chinese stock market has shown positive signals with the Shanghai Composite Index breaking through a significant resistance level, indicating a potential upward trend [10]. - Economic data for the first half of 2025 suggests a continued recovery, with GDP growth expected at 5.3%, supported by strong internal financing and liquidity [11]. - The market is currently in a new bullish phase, with a focus on sectors such as technology innovation, industrial metals, and health care, which are expected to provide investment opportunities [11].