转自：北京日报客户端 冬季是进补的好时节，尤其进入"三九"寒天以来，许多人希望通过进补来驱寒暖身、增强体质。人参、 阿胶、膏方……各种补品轮番上阵，殊不知在不了解自身体质的情况下盲目进补，不仅可能"补不对 路"，还可能"越补越虚"。专家提醒，应判断自身体质，选择适合自己的进补方式。 "中医将人体体质主要分为九种，其中平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质和湿热质这六种在冬 季最为常见。"宁夏医科大学中医学院教授郭斌表示，中医认为"虚则补之"，冬季最适合进补的是体质 偏虚或处于病后康复期的人。对于精力充沛、面色红润、饮食睡眠俱佳的平和质人群，冬季无需刻意大 补，饮食保持温和均衡即可。 在中医理论中，"气"是维持人体生命活动的基本动力，气虚的主要表现包括少气懒言、神疲乏力、面色 偏黄、精神不振等，进补的核心原则是平补、缓补。气虚者可适当多吃山药、莲子、板栗、大枣等平补 健脾的食品。切忌一开始就使用阿胶、红参等滋腻或大温大热的补品，以免加重脾胃负担，导致"虚不 受补"。 是"湿"与"热"交织，常见表现包括面部油光、口苦口臭、大便黏滞、舌质偏红、舌苔黄腻等。相关人群 可食用赤小豆、薏米、冬瓜等清热利湿食材，避免羊肉、 ...

□ 本报记者 蒋明睿 "冬季涮火锅其实很有讲究。"奚治斌说，动物性食材首选低脂的鱼、虾类优质蛋白佐以豆制品丰富蛋白 品类，搭配营养素丰富的蔬菜、菌藻拼盘，以清汤代替高油的红汤为锅底，茶水代替可乐等含糖碳酸饮 料及烈酒，进餐时遵循先吃蔬菜、菌菇，再吃肉，最后吃主食的顺序，这样的顺序被证实可增加饱腹 感，且有利于减重。 继"秋天的第一杯奶茶"后，"冬天的第一顿火锅"又在社交媒体刷屏。低温让不少人的食欲开始暴涨，如 何利用冬季进补保持健康，但不增长体重呢？我们邀请到江苏省第二中医院临床营养科副主任奚治斌为 大家科普。 （来源：新华日报） 奚治斌介绍，冬季调理体质需先进行体质辨识，辨证施补。温阳补气食物可选羊肉、鸡肉、牛肉、虾 等，配以枸杞、生姜、红枣等能温和地补充阳气，提供代谢动力。而祛除痰湿可选山药、薏米、茯苓、 白扁豆、南瓜等来增强脾胃运化水湿的能力，从源头减少"痰湿"生成。冬季由于食物选择受限、饮食习 惯改变以及年俗等影响，营养素摄入容易失衡。奚治斌建议，可以结合体成分分析、维生素微量元素筛 查等，明确是否存在营养素缺乏，尤其是维生素、矿物质缺乏导致的所谓"隐性饥饿"，再决定对症食补 或制剂补充，避免"热量有 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the dangers of consuming Cao Wu (草乌), a toxic herb traditionally used in winter dietary practices in Yunnan, highlighting the need for caution and proper knowledge regarding its use [1][2]. Group 1: Toxicity of Cao Wu - Cao Wu contains the highly toxic alkaloid aconitine, with as little as 0.2 milligrams being enough to cause poisoning, and 3-5 milligrams potentially fatal [2]. - Common cooking methods such as boiling or soaking do not eliminate its toxicity, making it unsafe for consumption without professional preparation [2]. Group 2: Prevention of Poisoning - It is crucial to use Cao Wu and related herbs only under the guidance of a qualified medical professional, avoiding self-purchase and consumption [3]. - Only processed versions of the herb should be used, as raw Cao Wu is significantly more toxic than its prepared counterparts [4]. - Caution is advised against consuming homemade herbal wines or unmarked products that may contain toxic ingredients [4]. Group 3: Emergency Response - In case of acute poisoning, there is no specific antidote for Cao Wu; symptoms such as numbness in the mouth and face, itching, and nausea require immediate medical attention [5]. - Drinking water to induce vomiting is recommended, and it is important to bring any remaining herb to the hospital for proper diagnosis and treatment [5]. Group 4: Winter Dietary Recommendations - Traditional wisdom suggests winter diets should focus on warming and nourishing foods, emphasizing the intake of natural ingredients rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals [6]. - Recommended foods include lamb, which is warming and rich in protein; white radish, which aids digestion; yam, which supports gastrointestinal health; and black sesame, which benefits skin and digestion [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption of health supplements, particularly those containing estrogen-like substances, which can exacerbate existing health conditions such as breast nodules [2][6][7]. Group 1: Case Study - A 58-year-old woman, referred to as Li Ayi, experienced rapid growth of a previously stable breast nodule after consuming various health supplements, including donkey-hide gelatin and royal jelly, for a month [2][4]. - The breast nodule increased from approximately 5 millimeters to nearly 18 millimeters, indicating a risk of abnormal proliferation or malignancy, leading to surgical intervention [4][6]. Group 2: Medical Insights - Medical professionals note that many health supplements contain natural or estrogen-like components that can stimulate abnormal cell proliferation in breast tissue, particularly in individuals with pre-existing nodules [6][7]. - The formation of breast nodules is influenced by various factors, including genetics, hormonal imbalances, emotional stress, and lifestyle choices [7]. Group 3: Recommendations - For women with known breast nodules, it is advised to adhere to the "three principles": regular check-ups every 6-12 months, cautious consumption of supplements, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle [8]. - It is emphasized that dietary supplementation should be tailored to individual health conditions, and overconsumption can lead to digestive issues and exacerbate existing health problems [10][11].

Group 1 - The "Daxue" solar term is a good time for dietary supplementation, with different preferences across regions in Jiangsu [2] - In Lianyungang, Jiangsu, seafood products are particularly rich and popular during the Daxue period, with bustling wholesale markets [3] - In Xuzhou, Pizhou, hot pot is a must during Daxue, with a shift from heavy flavors to lighter tastes preferred by younger consumers, while beef and lamb remain the main ingredients [5][7] Group 2 - In Linquan County, Anhui, a steaming bowl of lamb soup is the local choice for warmth and nourishment during the Daxue season, showcasing traditional cooking methods and rich flavors [9][10] - The preparation of lamb soup requires strict adherence to ingredient quality and cooking techniques, emphasizing the importance of slow simmering for optimal flavor [12][14] - The Daxue period, marked by lower temperatures, is ideal for energy replenishment through food, making lamb soup a popular choice among locals [16] Group 3 - In Jinhua, Zhejiang, the Daxue period marks the beginning of ham curing and drying processes, a tradition that prepares for the upcoming festive season [17] - The ham-making technique is recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage, involving 48 traditional processes from winter to autumn for optimal flavor [19] - The winter drying process is crucial for the ham's quality, affecting its color, aroma, shape, and taste, with the drying time directly influencing the richness of flavor [21][23]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of tailored dietary supplements during winter, highlighting that not all individuals should follow the same supplementation practices due to varying body constitutions [2][3] - It is advised that individuals with Qi deficiency and Yang deficiency can consume foods like lamb, yam, and lotus seeds, while those with Yin deficiency and excess heat should opt for cooling foods such as lily, duck, and American ginseng [2] - The article warns against the indiscriminate use of "goufang" (traditional Chinese medicinal pastes), stating that it is not suitable for everyone and should be prescribed based on individual constitution [3] Group 2 - The article discusses the common issue of winter fatigue and low mood, suggesting that increased sleep duration and exposure to sunlight can help alleviate these feelings [4][5] - Recommendations for improving energy levels include morning sunlight exposure, acupressure on specific points, and the use of aromatic substances like mint and rosemary [4] - The article also mentions the potential benefits of moderate coffee consumption in the morning to boost energy, while cautioning against excessive intake that could lead to insomnia [5] Group 3 - The article highlights the significance of appropriate physical activity during winter, recommending low-intensity aerobic exercises such as walking and Tai Chi to promote blood circulation without excessive sweating [6] - It advises that outdoor activities should be scheduled during warmer parts of the day to avoid cold-related health issues [6]

Core Points - The National Health Commission of China held a press conference discussing the relationship between seasonal changes and health, specifically focusing on the winter solstice and dietary practices during this period [1] Group 1: Traditional Wisdom and Practices - Winter supplementation is a traditional practice in Chinese culture, but it should not be equated with excessive or indiscriminate consumption [1] - "Gao Fang" is a type of traditional Chinese medicine, made from multiple herbs, which is prepared over a long period and has specific health benefits [1] Group 2: Suitability of Gao Fang - Gao Fang is tailored to individual patients based on their specific health conditions and is particularly beneficial for those with weak or cold constitutions [1] - Certain groups should avoid Gao Fang, including those with damp-heat constitutions, acute infections, and diabetes due to its sugar content [2] - Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may use personalized Gao Fang when stable, but should seek medical attention if symptoms worsen [2]

Core Viewpoint - The traditional wisdom of winter supplementation does not equate to indiscriminate supplementation, and the use of medicinal pastes should be tailored to individual patient conditions [1][2]. Group 1: Characteristics of Medicinal Pastes - Medicinal pastes are a type of traditional Chinese medicine made from multiple herbs, which are boiled down and mixed with substances like honey to create a semi-solid form [1]. - They are particularly beneficial for individuals with weak or cold constitutions, as they are designed to nourish and support these specific body types [1]. Group 2: Unsuitable Populations for Medicinal Pastes - Individuals with a damp-heat constitution, characterized by symptoms such as obesity, dry mouth, irritability, and yellow greasy tongue coating, should avoid medicinal pastes as they may exacerbate their condition [2]. - Patients with acute infections, such as colds, pneumonia, or gastroenteritis, should not take medicinal pastes, as it may trap pathogens within the body and worsen their illness [2]. - Diabetic patients are advised against consuming medicinal pastes due to their sugar content, which can negatively impact blood sugar control [3]. Group 3: Specific Considerations for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients - COPD patients may benefit from individualized medicinal pastes when they are stable, but should refrain from using them during acute exacerbations or when experiencing increased sputum production or fever [3].