原奶价格周期：产能、需求、进口等多因素影响 原奶价格具有周期性，当期原奶价格影响牧场养殖利润，养殖利润进一步影响产能，形成奶价>养殖利 润>产能>奶价的周期循环。大包粉进口量和价格也对供给端产生影响。宏观经济、人口结构等因素决 定需求变化。此外，重大公共事件扰动原奶需求，扩大涨跌幅度。2008年以来，原奶价格经历了3轮下 行周期，2轮上行周期。2008年，受到三聚氰胺事件的影响奶价下行。2009年8月-2014年2月，国际奶价 上行，乳业各类监管加强，消费信心提振，乳制品需求复苏，带动国内奶价上涨。2014年3月-2018年8 月，需求偏弱，国际奶价下跌，进口量增加，国内原奶价格回落。2018年9月-2021年8月，消费者健康 意识提升催化乳制品需求，加上此前奶牛存栏大幅去化，奶价上行。2021年9月开始，需求走弱，产量 回升，原奶价格连续下跌超过3年。 东海证券发布研报称，预计今年上游牧场产能仍处于调整和去化过程中，方向明确。在政策推动下，行 业渗透率仍有提升空间，叠加下半年双节对需求的拉动，预计今年下半年原奶供需趋于平衡，奶价有望 逐步企稳。若奶价进入上行周期，则牧业公司业绩端有望快速增长，估值仍有提升空 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "OUTPERFORM" rating for China Modern Dairy [2][9][6] Core Views - The turning point for milk prices is approaching, with expectations for both volume and price increases [3][5][14] - The company has demonstrated significant cost control, leading to an industry-leading ability to reduce costs [4][13] - The industry is experiencing a pronounced Matthew effect, with the company gaining market share despite overall declines in milk production [5][14] Financial Summary - Revenue projections for China Modern Dairy are as follows: 2025: 14.44 billion yuan, 2026: 15.28 billion yuan, 2027: 16.06 billion yuan [6][15] - Net profit attributable to shareholders is expected to be 310 million yuan in 2025, 750 million yuan in 2026, and 1.1 billion yuan in 2027 [6][15] - The gross margin for the raw milk business is projected to improve to 31.2% in 2024, up 2.8 percentage points year-on-year [4][13] Market Dynamics - The raw milk price has stabilized at 3.07 yuan per kilogram, indicating a bottom consolidation phase [3][11] - The cattle herd is decreasing at a rate of approximately 40,000 head per month, contributing to the anticipated rebound in milk prices [12][3] - The company’s raw milk sales reached 2.893 million tons in 2024, a 13.6% year-on-year increase, indicating strong performance against industry trends [5][14]