智通财经APP获悉，瑞士央行进行了三年多来规模最大的瑞士法郎抛售操作，此举旨在遏制因特朗普推 行关税政策而导致的瑞士法郎汇率飙升。据周二公布的数据，瑞士央行在第二季度购入了价值 51 亿瑞 士法郎(约合 64 亿美元)的外汇，这一数字与瑞银在宣布前的预测相符。 这些干预措施标志着瑞士央行在市场干预方面长达 15 个月的停滞期宣告结束，这反映出自特朗普 4 月 2 日宣布"对等关税"以来市场形势变得动荡。在 4 月至 6 月期间，瑞士法郎兑美元汇率上涨了约 10%， 而兑欧元汇率则上涨了约 2%。 在最新数据公布的前夕，瑞士和美国发表了一份联合声明，誓言不会操纵货币，瑞士央行承诺将其货币 政策重点放在价格稳定上。在该文件中，双方都承诺不会影响瑞士法郎与美元的汇率，以获取经济优 势。 瑞士央行行长马丁·施莱格尔多次强调，该央行的干预措施仅仅是为了防止瑞士的通货膨胀出现过高或 过低的情况。尽管该机构在其政策声明中强调其完全愿意使用这一工具(无论是在何种方向上)但政策制 定者们似乎已确立了针对瑞士法郎的新的原则，即更谨慎地与交易商进行交涉。在过去几年里，他们曾 投入数十亿资金来控制瑞士法郎汇率，并坚称该货币被高估了。 ...

韩国政府周日宣布，美国已同意韩国并未操纵汇率以获取贸易优势，两国在货币政策争议上达成一致。 这一表态为韩国摆脱美国财政部汇率操纵监测名单扫清障碍。 金容范指出，美方在备忘录中使用了"现金流" (cash flow)表述，经韩方分析认为，美方所设想的现金流 中有相当部分接近于资本投资。 据财政部长Koo Yun-cheol周六透露，贝森特回应称将与其他美国官员讨论此事并回复韩方。韩国国家 安全顾问Wi Sung-lac周六重申，首尔无法如特朗普近日建议的那样"预先支付"3500亿美元。 9月28日，据媒体报道，韩国总统李在明（Lee Jae Myung）发言人Kang Yu-jung在新闻发布会上表示， 双方一致认为韩国不符合美国财政部每年两次发布报告中的汇率操纵国认定标准。 3500亿美元投资承诺成焦点 报道指出，韩国官员表示，汇率协议与当前围绕特朗普对韩商品加征关税的双边谈判中涉及的货币互换 讨论无关。 据韩国媒体9月25日报道，韩国总统李在明周三在纽约向财政部长贝森特表示，韩国需要外汇互换协议 来支撑其在关税谈判中承诺的3500亿美元投资计划。 当时，韩国总统政策室长金容范表示，7月底关税谈判达成协议时， ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent increase in tariffs imposed by the U.S. on Swiss goods, reaching 39%, has shocked Switzerland, which had anticipated a lower rate following negotiations [1][2]. Group 1: Tariff Impact - The new tariff rate of 39% is the highest among European countries and affects nearly 60% of Swiss exports to the U.S. [1] - The previous expectation was for a 10% tariff, with Swiss officials expressing disappointment over the significant deviation from prior negotiations [1][2]. Group 2: Economic Context - The U.S. cites a trade deficit of $38.3 billion with Switzerland as a reason for the high tariffs, claiming that the U.S. is at a disadvantage in bilateral trade [2] - Switzerland has been labeled a "currency manipulator" by the U.S. due to its attempts to devalue the Swiss franc to boost exports [2]. Group 3: Government Response - The Swiss government plans to continue negotiations with the U.S. to lower tariffs and may implement support measures for Swiss companies facing pressure from the tariffs [3] - Proposed measures include more flexible policies regarding working hours and wages to prevent layoffs [3].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. has imposed a 39% tariff on goods imported from Switzerland, marking a significant shift in trade relations and impacting Switzerland's economy, especially on its national holiday [1][2][4]. Group 1: Trade Relations - The U.S. trade deficit with Switzerland has surged, reaching nearly $50 billion in the first five months of the year, making Switzerland the fifth-largest trade partner for the U.S. [7] - Switzerland's exports to the U.S. account for approximately 19% of its total exports, highlighting the importance of the U.S. market for the Swiss economy [10]. - The U.S. Treasury has previously labeled Switzerland as a currency manipulator, indicating ongoing tensions regarding trade practices [12]. Group 2: Domestic Reactions in Switzerland - Following the tariff announcement, there has been significant criticism within Switzerland, particularly directed at Federal President Keller-Sutter for the perceived failure in negotiations [14][15]. - The pharmaceutical industry, which exports about 60% of its products to the U.S., has been blamed for straining U.S.-Swiss trade relations, with major companies like Novartis and Roche under scrutiny [17]. - There is a growing sentiment in Switzerland to reconsider its long-standing neutral stance and potentially strengthen ties with the EU, which has more favorable tariff rates with the U.S. [19]. Group 3: Economic Impact - If the tariffs remain unchanged, Switzerland's GDP could decline by approximately 0.6 percentage points, with more severe impacts if pharmaceuticals are excluded from tariff exemptions [21]. - The potential for tariffs on pharmaceuticals could reach as high as 200%, further exacerbating the economic challenges faced by the Swiss economy [21].

Group 1 - The U.S. will impose a 39% tariff on goods imported from Switzerland starting August 7, making Switzerland one of the few countries facing such high tariffs, second only to Brazil, Laos, Myanmar, and Syria [1][2] - The announcement coincided with Switzerland's National Day on August 1, which has been described as a significant humiliation for the country [2] - The trade deficit between the U.S. and Switzerland has surged, reaching nearly $50 billion in the first five months of the year, ranking Switzerland as the fifth largest trade deficit partner of the U.S. [5] Group 2 - Swiss officials were caught off guard by the high tariffs, as they believed negotiations with U.S. representatives were progressing well, with Switzerland expressing confidence in reaching a trade agreement [3][9] - The Swiss economy is heavily reliant on foreign trade, with approximately 19% of its exports going to the U.S., making it the largest export market for Switzerland [9] - The Swiss pharmaceutical industry, which exports about 60% of its products to the U.S., is under scrutiny, as it has been suggested that it may have hindered negotiations with the U.S. [12] Group 3 - The Swiss stock market is expected to open lower following the tariff announcement, with major companies like Novartis, Roche, and Nestlé listed on the Swiss exchange [12] - Analysts predict that if the tariffs remain unchanged, Switzerland's GDP could decline by approximately 0.6 percentage points, with more severe impacts if pharmaceuticals are excluded from tariff exemptions [13]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Treasury Department has added Ireland and Switzerland to its "currency monitoring list," increasing the total number of closely monitored countries to nine, despite no major trading partners being accused of currency manipulation for unfair trade advantages in 2024 [1][3]. Group 1: Currency Monitoring List - Ireland and Switzerland were added to the currency monitoring list due to their significant trade surplus with the U.S. exceeding $15 billion and a current account surplus over 3% of their GDP [3]. - The report indicates that countries are automatically placed on the monitoring list if they meet specific criteria related to trade surplus and foreign exchange purchasing behavior [3]. Group 2: Responses and Implications - The Swiss National Bank denied any currency manipulation, asserting that it does not attempt to distort trade balances or gain unfair competitive advantages [3]. - The report marks the first currency policy report since Trump's return to the White House, with a noticeably stronger tone compared to previous reports during Biden's administration, which did not label any country as a currency manipulator [3]. - The overall strength of the U.S. dollar has increased by an average of 7% against major currencies in 2024, reducing the incentive for countries to devalue their currencies [3].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Treasury has placed South Korea back on the "currency manipulation watch list" due to its significant trade surpluses, indicating a political maneuver rather than a purely technical assessment of currency practices [1][3][4]. Group 1: Economic Data and Trends - South Korea's trade surplus with the U.S. surged from $14 billion in 2024 to $55 billion, while its current account surplus increased from 1.8% to 5.3% of GDP [3]. - The U.S. Treasury's criteria for "currency manipulation" lack international consensus and are unilaterally defined, leading to inconsistent application based on political contexts [3][4]. Group 2: Political Implications - The re-inclusion of South Korea on the watch list serves as a warning signal in the context of U.S.-Korea trade and industrial competition, aiming to pressure South Korea into concessions regarding its industrial policies and exports to the U.S. [4][6]. - The U.S. strategy reflects a broader trend of exerting pressure on allied nations in the Indo-Pacific region, highlighting growing tensions in trade, finance, and technology sectors despite strong military ties [6][8]. Group 3: Global Financial System Impact - The U.S. Treasury's actions undermine the multilateral mechanisms for currency monitoring established by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), contributing to the politicization of the international financial system [6][8]. - The use of the "currency manipulation watch list" as a policy tool may lead to increased uncertainty in global finance, affecting investor confidence and the stability of smaller economies [8].

Core Viewpoint - The Swiss National Bank has acknowledged the U.S. Treasury's report regarding currency manipulation and unfair trade practices [1] Group 1 - The Swiss National Bank is aware of the U.S. Treasury's concerns about currency manipulation [1] - The report from the U.S. Treasury highlights issues related to unfair trade practices that may affect international economic relations [1]

报告对日本高度的透明性等予以肯定，同时还提到了日本的货币政策。增加了新的表述称，"日本银行 的货币紧缩政策应该配合包括经济增长和物价上涨在内的国内经济基础条件继续实施，这将有助于推动 日元对美元贬值的正常化，以及双边贸易的结构性再平衡"。 美国财政部高级官员在被记者问及（报告中有关日本内容的）真实意图时表示，"并非在提出某种主 张"。并评价称，"作为七国集团（G7）成员之一，日本有不通过国内政策操纵汇率的坚定承诺"。 此次的报告还在有关日本的表述中指出，"大规模公共养老金基金等政府投资机构，应该出于确保收益 和分散投资的目的进行海外投资，不应该以操纵汇率为目的进行投资"。 美国发布外国汇率政策报告，没有指定"汇率操纵国"，但明确提出中国未来可能被列入对象名 单。中国大陆、日本等被列入密切关注是否进行汇率操纵的"监视名单"…… 美国财政部6月5日发布了半年一次的外国汇率政策报告。虽然没有指定作为制裁讨论对象的"汇率操纵 国"，但明确提出中国未来可能被列入对象名单。这份报告针对日本提到，日本银行（央行）趋于收紧 货币政策的动向有助于纠正日元贬值。 这是特朗普第二次上台执政后首次发布外汇报告。此次针对2024年的情 ...

Domestic News - Xi Jinping held a phone call with US President Trump, indicating ongoing diplomatic engagement between the two nations [1] - The US plans to tighten regulations on foreign companies listed in the US, prompting a response from China's Foreign Ministry urging adherence to fair competition principles and cessation of politicizing economic issues [1] International News - The conflict between Trump and Musk escalated, resulting in Tesla's market value dropping by $150 billion [1] - The European Central Bank lowered three key interest rates by 25 basis points, with Lagarde suggesting the end of the rate-cutting cycle, leading the market to no longer fully price in another 25 basis point cut within the year [2] - Initial jobless claims in the US surged to an eight-month high, while the trade deficit decreased sharply by 55.5% to $61.6 billion due to a significant drop in imports caused by Trump's tariffs [2] - The US is showing flexibility in reducing additional tariffs on Japan, and negotiations with India may lead to a temporary agreement on tariff reductions and market access [2] - The US Treasury's semi-annual report did not label any country as a currency manipulator, indicating a potential easing of trade tensions [3]