美国总统通常在每个任期首年年底发布国家安全战略报告。报告没有法律约束力，但对美国联邦政府预 算分配和政策优先事项制定具有一定影响。 《 人民日报 》（ 2025年12月08日 13 版） (责编：赵欣悦、袁勃) 本报华盛顿12月7日电 （记者李志伟）美国白宫近日发布美国国家安全战略报告，全面阐述美国总统特 朗普今年1月重返白宫以来的"美国优先"外交政策，聚焦美国"核心国家利益"，重新调整美国全球安全 优先事项。 报告认为，"美国必须在西半球保持首要地位"，加强在拉美的军事存在，确保美国在拉美"持续享有对 关键战略要地的使用权"。报告批评欧洲，警告其因移民政策等原因面临"文明消亡的严峻前景"，称美 国对欧政策应优先考虑"帮助欧洲纠正其当前发展轨迹"。报告对中东在美国外交政策中的地位作了"降 级"处理，提出要避免陷入使美国在中东地区付出巨大代价的"永久战争"。 在经济层面，报告强调经济安全是国家安全的基础，要求"重新平衡"全球贸易关系，扩大美国对全球关 键矿产和材料的获取，监控全球关键供应链和技术进步；通过"战略性关税"和新技术应用，推动美国再 工业化；强化美国"能源主导"和"金融主导"地位。 在军事层面，报告提 ...

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the need for a coherent and focused global engagement strategy for the United States to maintain its status as the world's strongest and most influential nation [3][4][5] - It critiques past U.S. strategies post-Cold War for failing to align with core national interests and for misjudging the American public's willingness to bear global burdens [4][5] - The article highlights the importance of prioritizing core national interests in U.S. foreign policy, focusing on security, economic stability, and the protection of American values [7][10] Group 2 - The article outlines the core objectives of U.S. strategy, including the protection of national sovereignty, economic interests, and the well-being of its citizens [7][8] - It stresses the need for a resilient national infrastructure capable of withstanding various threats, including military attacks and foreign influence [8] - The article advocates for a strong military presence and advanced defense systems to safeguard U.S. interests and deter potential adversaries [8][9] Group 3 - The article discusses the importance of maintaining a robust economy as the foundation of U.S. power, emphasizing the need for a strong industrial base and innovative energy sector [8][9] - It highlights the necessity of protecting intellectual property and fostering technological advancements to sustain economic leadership [9] - The article calls for a focus on re-industrialization and energy independence to bolster economic resilience and reduce reliance on foreign sources [12][18] Group 4 - The article outlines the U.S. approach to foreign relations, advocating for a pragmatic and principle-driven diplomacy that prioritizes American interests [11][13] - It emphasizes the need for burden-sharing among allies and partners, particularly in defense spending and regional security responsibilities [14][15] - The article critiques the past U.S. approach to China, calling for a rebalancing of economic relations to ensure fairness and protect American economic independence [25][26] Group 5 - The article identifies the strategic importance of the Western Hemisphere, advocating for a return to Monroe Doctrine principles to safeguard U.S. interests in the region [16][18] - It discusses the need for a proactive stance against foreign adversaries in the Western Hemisphere, emphasizing cooperation with regional allies to combat illegal immigration and drug trafficking [19][20] - The article highlights the importance of economic partnerships and investment opportunities in the region to strengthen U.S. influence and counter external threats [22][23]

Core Viewpoint - The newly released U.S. National Security Strategy report emphasizes prioritizing the Western Hemisphere, critiques Europe, downplays the threat of terrorism, and aims to rebalance external commitments with internal capabilities [1]. Group 1: U.S. Intervention in Latin America - The report introduces the "Trump Doctrine" as a modern version of the Monroe Doctrine, asserting U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere [1]. - The goals of the "Trump Doctrine" include preventing large-scale immigration, using lethal force against drug cartels if necessary, and ensuring U.S. access to strategic locations in Latin America [1][2]. - Analysts suggest this will lead to increased U.S. investment in intelligence, military, law enforcement, and economic strategies in Latin America, indicating a more interventionist stance [2]. Group 2: Global Military Presence Adjustment - The report calls for a reallocation of U.S. military resources, reducing presence in regions deemed less critical to national security, such as Europe, the Middle East, and Africa [3][4]. - The strategy aims to alleviate the global security burden by encouraging allies to take on more defense responsibilities and avoiding costly "forever wars" [4]. Group 3: Economic and Industrial Focus - The report emphasizes the need for U.S. economic security as a foundation for national security, advocating for dominance in key technological fields and a robust defense industrial base [4]. - It highlights the importance of securing access to critical minerals and maintaining U.S. leadership in energy and finance [4]. Group 4: Anti-Immigration and Anti-Globalization Stance - The report reflects a vision of global order based on "America First," characterized by anti-immigration and anti-globalization sentiments, blaming immigration for various global challenges [6]. - It warns Europe about the consequences of its immigration policies and economic stagnation, suggesting that the U.S. should help correct Europe's trajectory [6]. Group 5: Power Dynamics and Global Influence - The report indicates a more inward-looking and narrow view of U.S. security, while simultaneously asserting that the U.S. must prevent any nation from becoming too powerful [7]. - It reiterates the belief that power dynamics are a constant in international relations, emphasizing the importance of strength in maintaining peace [7].

新华社华盛顿12月5日电（记者徐剑梅）美国白宫4日深夜发布美国国家安全战略报告，全面阐述 美国总统特朗普今年1月重返白宫后的"美国优先"外交政策，聚焦美国"核心国家利益"，重新调整 美国全球安全优先事项。 报告认为，冷战结束后美国所追求的"永久主导世界"，是"从根本上来说不可取且不可能实现的目 标"，损害美国中产阶级和工业基础。今后，美国国家安全战略旨在保护经过优先级排序的有 限"核心国家利益"，而非面面俱到。 在地区层面，报告提出"西半球优先"，宣称"美国必须在西半球保持首要地位"，加强在拉美的军 事存在，确保美国在拉美"持续享有对关键战略要地的使用权"。报告尖锐批评欧洲，警告其因移 民政策等原因面临"文明消亡的严峻前景"，称美国对欧政策应优先考虑"帮助欧洲纠正其当前发展 轨迹"。报告对中东在美国外交政策中的地位作了"降级"处理，提出要避免陷入使美国在中东地区 付出巨大代价的"永久战争"。 在乌克兰问题上，报告把通过谈判迅速结束乌克兰危机称为"美国核心利益"，称美国需要"重建与 俄罗斯的战略稳定"，以及"终结北约作为永久扩张联盟的认知"。报告还指责欧盟阻挠美国结束乌 克兰危机的努力。 在军事层面，报告提出要 ...

Core Insights - The U.S. government plans to invest $80 billion to revive the domestic nuclear power industry in response to the surging electricity demand driven by the artificial intelligence (AI) sector [1] - The initiative will focus on constructing eight AP1000 reactors in collaboration with Westinghouse Electric and its owners, Brookfield Asset Management and Cameco, marking a significant shift in U.S. nuclear policy [1][3] - Japan is backing this investment with a commitment of up to $550 billion for critical infrastructure, allowing the U.S. government to profit from the project [2] Investment and Financial Structure - The U.S. government will share in the profits from Westinghouse Electric, receiving 20% of any earnings exceeding $17.5 billion [2] - The investment structure aims to leverage external capital for domestic infrastructure, benefiting both U.S. industries and Japanese manufacturing [4] Market Dynamics and Demand - The increasing electricity demand due to AI has made power shortages a critical bottleneck for development, prompting a renewed focus on large-scale reactors [3] - Analysts suggest that large reactors are more suitable for current market needs compared to small modular reactors (SMRs) [3] Challenges and Execution Risks - The plan faces significant execution risks, as evidenced by the costly and delayed Vogtle nuclear project, which exceeded its budget by over $30 billion [2][6] - The goal is to keep the overnight cost of each reactor below $10 billion, addressing the industry's historical issues of cost overruns and delays [6] Technical and Operational Considerations - Westinghouse Electric claims that the AP1000 technology is now free from technical, licensing, fuel supply, or regulatory risks, with the primary concern being project execution [6] - The strategy involves standardization and simplification to minimize risks, focusing on repetitive processes [6] Future Outlook and Uncertainties - While the vision is ambitious, there are uncertainties regarding site selection, participating companies, timelines, and workforce availability [7] - The U.S. government aims to signal strong demand for orders, which is crucial for building confidence and reducing costs in the nuclear sector [7]

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration announced a new offshore oil and gas development plan, significantly expanding the U.S. offshore oil and gas exploration area, which has faced strong opposition from local governments and environmental organizations [1][2]. Group 1: New Offshore Oil and Gas Development Plan - The new plan involves leasing several areas off the coasts of Alaska, California, and Florida, with plans to auction six offshore oil and gas development areas in California between 2027 and 2030 [4]. - The plan opens the door for oil and gas extraction in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, a region previously protected due to military training and weapon testing [5]. - According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, oil extracted from federal waters accounts for 14% of the total U.S. oil production, while natural gas accounts for 2%, with most production coming from the Gulf of Mexico [5]. Group 2: Opposition to the Plan - The plan has faced strong opposition from state governments, bipartisan lawmakers, and environmental organizations, with California Governor Gavin Newsom criticizing it as harmful to coastal economies and communities [6][8]. - California has strict regulations on offshore oil and gas extraction, largely due to past environmental disasters, such as the 1969 oil spill near Santa Barbara [8]. - Florida's government and lawmakers have also expressed their opposition, emphasizing that the state's coastline should not be used for oil drilling [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration announced a new offshore oil and gas development plan, significantly expanding the U.S. offshore oil and gas exploration area, which has faced strong opposition from local governments and environmental organizations [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Changes - The new oil and gas leasing plan aims to maintain U.S. energy dominance for decades to come, as stated by U.S. Interior Secretary Doug Burgum [2]. - The plan involves auctioning six offshore oil and gas development areas off the coast of California between 2027 and 2030, marking the first such auctions since the 1980s [2][3]. - The plan opens the eastern Gulf of Mexico for oil and gas exploration, an area previously protected due to military training and weapon testing [2]. Group 2: Opposition and Concerns - The plan has faced strong opposition from state governments, bipartisan lawmakers, and environmental organizations, with California Governor Gavin Newsom criticizing it as harmful to coastal economies and health [4]. - California has strict regulations on offshore oil and gas exploration, largely due to historical oil spills, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill [4]. - Environmental groups have raised concerns about the ecological risks posed to endangered species in the Santa Barbara Channel due to the new leasing plan [4].

Trade Relations and Tariffs - President Trump has announced the termination of all trade negotiations with Canada due to alleged fraudulent advertising by the Ronald Reagan Foundation, which he claims interferes with U.S. Supreme Court decisions [1] - The upcoming Supreme Court hearing on tariffs, scheduled for November 5th, is expected to significantly influence market conditions and the economy [2][4] Government Shutdown Impact - The government shutdown has reached day 24, causing disruptions in essential services and negatively affecting small businesses, particularly those near national parks [5][24] - The Secretary of the Interior highlighted that the shutdown is a waste of time and resources, leading to loss of productivity and economic harm to American citizens [24][26] Energy Production and National Security - The Secretary emphasized the importance of oil and gas production for national security, stating that energy abundance leads to energy dominance [16][17] - President Trump's energy policies are seen as a strategic advantage, allowing the U.S. to sell energy to allies and reduce dependence on adversaries [19][20] International Relations and Diplomacy - President Trump is actively engaging with global leaders, including sanctions on Russian oil producers and discussions with leaders from India and Saudi Arabia to influence energy markets [12][15] - The Secretary expressed confidence that Trump will negotiate favorable deals with China, leveraging America's strong economy and energy resources [14]

Group 1: Energy Policy Shift - The Trump administration is abandoning clean energy sources like solar and wind, focusing instead on traditional energy to establish "American energy dominance" globally [1][11] - The "Great and Beautiful Act" replaces previous clean energy incentives, imposing stricter requirements for solar and wind projects to qualify for tax credits [4][7] - The administration's policies are expected to significantly delay the approval process for renewable energy projects, increasing operational challenges for developers [7] Group 2: Historical Context of Clean Energy in the U.S. - The U.S. began focusing on clean energy in the 1970s due to the oil crisis, leading to various supportive legislations for renewable energy development [2] - The Obama administration marked a peak in clean energy support, with significant investments and incentives aimed at boosting the sector [3] Group 3: Economic Impact of Energy Policy Changes - The U.S. is projected to add 64 GW of new power capacity by 2025, primarily from clean energy sources, despite the current administration's push against renewables [8] - Investment in renewable energy projects has dropped by $20.5 billion in the first half of the year, a 36% decrease compared to the previous year [8] - The renewable energy sector has already lost over 165,000 jobs in the first half of the year due to tightening policies [9] Group 4: Global Implications of U.S. Energy Policy - The shift away from clean energy in the U.S. undermines global climate efforts, potentially slowing down investment in clean technologies worldwide [10] - The U.S. energy policy is seen as a geopolitical strategy to weaken China's competitive advantage in solar and wind technology [11]

Core Viewpoint - The recently passed Republican budget bill in the Senate eliminates tax credits for renewable energy projects, which could significantly impact the solar and wind energy industries and lead to increased utility bills for American households [1][5][14]. Legislative Process - The Senate passed the bill with a narrow margin of 51 votes in favor and 50 against, with Vice President JD Vance casting the deciding vote [1]. - The bill has been sent to the House of Representatives for final legislative approval, where it cleared procedural hurdles with a vote of 219 to 213 [2]. Tax Implications - The final version of the bill retains some incentives for advanced nuclear, geothermal, and hydropower technologies until 2032, but it significantly reduces incentives for solar and wind energy projects [8]. - The bill allows full tax credits for wind and solar projects that commence within one year of the law's enactment, with a deadline for completion set for the end of 2027 for projects starting later [7]. Industry Reactions - The American Petroleum Institute welcomed the bill, viewing it as a historic piece of legislation that opens up investment opportunities and expands access to oil and gas development [6][7]. - Conversely, the Solar Energy Industries Association expressed concerns that the bill would undermine the recovery of American manufacturing and lead to higher utility bills for families, factory closures, and increased unemployment [5][14]. Political Perspectives - Republican senators argue that the bill will save taxpayers money and support traditional energy sources, while Democrats criticize it as destructive and harmful to the healthcare system and the environment [10][11][12]. - Some Republican senators, like Lisa Murkowski, acknowledged the difficult decision-making process regarding the bill, emphasizing the need to consider the interests of their constituents [9][10].