Economic Overview - The GDP for the first half of the year reached 66.05 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5.3%, supported by a contribution rate of 52% from final consumption expenditure [1][2][8] - The economic growth rate of 5.3% is an increase of 0.3 percentage points compared to the same period last year and the entire previous year [2][14] Key Economic Indicators - The urban survey unemployment rate averaged 5.2% in the first half of the year, indicating overall employment stability [2] - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) showed a low and stable price level, with a return to positive growth in June at 0.1% after four months of negative growth [10][12] - The international balance of payments remained stable, with record high import and export figures in goods trade [2] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment totaled 24.9 trillion yuan, growing by 2.8%, with a nominal decline attributed to significant decreases in production material prices [4][6] - The actual growth rate of fixed asset investment, excluding price factors, was 5.3%, reflecting a slight decrease compared to the previous year but an increase compared to the entire previous year [4][6] Consumption Dynamics - The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 24.55 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5%, indicating a steady increase in consumer spending [7][8] - Holiday consumption, particularly during the Spring Festival, May Day, and Dragon Boat Festival, significantly boosted retail sales, with foreign tourist numbers increasing due to expanded visa-free policies [8] - The growth in service retail outpaced that of goods retail, with a notable rise in sectors related to travel and leisure [8] Price Trends - The CPI's recovery in June was driven by rising industrial consumer goods prices and seasonal factors affecting food supply [10][12] - The overall price adjustment reflects the ongoing transition from traditional to new economic drivers, with traditional sectors facing downward pressure while new sectors continue to grow [13]

Core Viewpoints - The improvement in consumer demand stabilizes the core CPI, but supply-side factors significantly suppress inflation readings [3][72] - The core commodity PPI shows a notable rebound primarily due to demand improvement, with tariff impacts on prices not intensifying [3][72] - The overall CPI aligns with market expectations, with food supply showing a mixed performance leading to a slight decline in food CPI [28][74] Group 1: Core CPI Characteristics - Characteristic 1: The core commodity PPI rebounded by 0.3 percentage points to -1.4% YoY, driven by sustained effects of consumption policies and a moderation in tariff impacts [3][72][8] - Characteristic 2: The core commodity CPI increased by 0.1 percentage points to 0.2% YoY, supported by consumption policies and rising gold prices, with gold jewelry prices up 40.1% YoY [19][73] - Characteristic 3: The service CPI rose by 0.2 percentage points to 0.5% YoY, aided by an increase in holiday days, which enhanced service demand [22][61] Group 2: Future Outlook - The combination of policy reinforcement and recovery in domestic demand is expected to alleviate inflationary pressures, although supply-side changes may still impose constraints on price readings [5][74] - Continued emphasis on policies to boost service consumption may further improve core service CPI, while the "old-for-new" policy could support core commodity CPI and PPI [5][74] - Despite these positive factors, low capacity utilization in downstream sectors and uncertainties regarding tariffs may still limit price recovery [5][74] Group 3: Regular Tracking - The CPI remained flat YoY, with improvements in both core commodity and core service CPI [38][74] - The PPI continued to decline, with a YoY drop of 0.6 percentage points to -3.3%, particularly in production materials [38][74] - Food CPI showed a slight decline due to mixed supply conditions, with fresh fruits and fish prices rising while seasonal vegetables saw price drops [28][74]

文 ｜ 杨帆 玛西高娃 李想 本轮价格周期中，居民消费需求不足带来的CPI低位运行压力格外值得关注。本文详细分析了CPI 中四类核心参数（食品、原油、核心商品、核心服务）的变化趋势与内在逻辑，并基于此预测 2 0 2 5年全年CPI走势。中性情景假设下，我们预计前三个季度CPI同比读数可能仍在负值区间徘 徊，2 5Q4将出现明显回升。向后看，国内政策有充足储备应对外部"风高浪急"，我们预期国内逆 周期政策将以财政和货币为主要抓手出台增量政策保障经济的平稳发展和物价的温和回升。宏观经 济运行跟踪方面，3月PMI数据较上月回升，但系去年1 0月以来首次低于过去5年均值，反映制造 业景气有所回落；服务业、建筑业PMI较历史同期差距均有所扩大，非制造业景气较1 - 2月有所下 降。 本文详细拆解了影响CPI走势的四类核心参数： ▍ 参数一：食品，猪肉和牛肉这两类CPI高影响力品类年内或仍有一定价格下跌压力。畜肉在 CPI中占比在3%~ 4%之间，是主导CPI食品项波动的重要因素。 2 0 2 4年前三个季度，猪周期位于上行周期，全年为CPI贡献了约0 . 1个百分点的上涨动能。展望 2 0 2 5年，生猪存栏量指引下 ...