半导体与半导体生产设备
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港股市场速览:行业表现分化,汽车表现亮眼
Guoxin Securities· 2025-09-21 02:31
Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the Hong Kong stock market [4] Core Insights - The automotive sector shows strong performance with a weekly increase of 7.1%, while the biotechnology sector has underperformed with a decrease of 2.3% [1][2] - Overall, 17 industries experienced gains, while 13 saw declines, indicating a mixed performance across sectors [1] Summary by Sections Market Performance - The Hang Seng Index rose by 0.6%, and the Hang Seng Composite Index increased by 0.4% [1] - Large-cap stocks outperformed small-cap and mid-cap stocks, with the Hang Seng Large Cap Index up by 0.7% [1] Valuation Levels - The valuation of the Hang Seng Index increased by 0.2% to 12.3x, while the Hang Seng Composite Index valuation decreased by 0.4% to 12.3x [2] - The automotive sector's valuation rose significantly by 7.3% to 15.7x, while the biotechnology sector's valuation fell by 2.3% to 30.0x [2] Earnings Expectations - The earnings per share (EPS) for the Hang Seng Index increased by 0.3%, and the Hang Seng Composite Index EPS rose by 0.7% [3] - A total of 26 industries saw upward revisions in EPS, with the coal sector experiencing the largest increase of 11.3% [3]
半导体与半导体生产设备行业周报、月报中国对美模拟芯片启动反倾销调查,SK海力士开始量产HBM4-20250915
Guoyuan Securities· 2025-09-15 06:52
Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" investment rating for the semiconductor and semiconductor equipment industry [7] Core Insights - The overseas AI chip index increased by 6.58% this week, with only MPS showing a decline, while the domestic AI chip index rose by 11.8% [1] - The global high-end smartphone sales in the first half of 2025 grew by 8% year-on-year, with Apple holding a 62% market share [2][25] - SK Hynix has begun mass production of HBM4 memory, which offers more than double the bandwidth of HBM3E and a 40% improvement in energy efficiency [34] Market Indices - The overseas chip index rose by 6.58% this week, with Broadcom up 7.46% and Nvidia over 6% [10] - The domestic A-share chip index increased by 11.8%, with major stocks like Haiguang Information and Zhaoyi Innovation showing significant gains [10] - The storage chip index surged by 17.9%, with Shannon Semiconductor rising by 71.74% [10][16] Industry Data - In Q2 2025, Japan's smartphone shipments grew by 11%, primarily driven by Apple [27] - Apple Watch's cumulative revenue surpassed $100 billion, driven by health features and product line expansion [30] - Xiaomi's high-end strategy and integration with EV and IoT ecosystems have significantly improved its market performance in China [25] Major Events - The U.S. added 23 Chinese entities to its entity list, prompting China to initiate an anti-dumping investigation against U.S. imported chips [3][33] - Apple launched the iPhone 17 series, featuring significant upgrades in camera technology and performance [37][38] - Neuralink announced the implantation of its chips in 12 individuals globally [36]
“金股”竞技场|中航证券押中龙头股,开源证券“8荐8涨”
Da Zhong Ri Bao· 2025-09-05 05:18
Group 1 - In August, the A-share market strengthened, leading to positive returns for most of the recommended stocks by brokerages, with 244 out of 287 stocks recommended showing price increases [1][3] - The average gain of the recommended stocks in August was positive, with notable performances from brokerages such as Kaiyuan Securities and AVIC Securities [1][5] - The top three performing stocks in August were Huasheng Tiancai (600410.SH) with a gain of 115.11%, followed by Hanwujing (688256.SH) with a gain of 110.36%, and Siquan New Materials (301489.SZ) with a gain of 100.66% [3][4] Group 2 - As of September 4, over 40 brokerages had recommended 285 stocks for September, with Kaiying Network (002517.SZ) and Deepin Technology (300454.SZ) being the most frequently recommended [2][8] - Kaiying Network was recommended by multiple brokerages due to its upcoming product cycle and stable mid-year performance, reporting a revenue of 2.578 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.89%, and a net profit of 950 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 17.41% [9][10] Group 3 - The technology sector performed exceptionally well in August, with 7 out of the top 10 recommended stocks belonging to this sector [5][6] - Conversely, the healthcare sector underperformed, with half of the stocks in the top 10 largest declines being from this industry, including Yifang Biotechnology (688382.SH) which fell by 19.62% [6][7] Group 4 - Among the stocks recommended for September, Deepin Technology had a high price-to-earnings ratio of 240.05, indicating a significant valuation compared to other recommended stocks [12] - Deepin Technology reported a revenue of 3.009 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 11.16%, but also reported a net loss of 228 million yuan, which was a 61.54% increase in loss compared to the previous year [12]
半导体与半导体生产设备行业研究报告:行业进入温和复苏周期,国内厂商高端化加速布局
Guoyuan Securities· 2025-09-04 14:32
Investment Rating - The report recommends a "Buy" rating for the MLCC industry, indicating a positive outlook for investment opportunities in this sector [5]. Core Insights - The MLCC industry is entering a mild recovery phase supported by multiple downstream demands, with inventory levels stabilizing after a significant reduction [1][4]. - Domestic manufacturers are accelerating their high-end product development, particularly in the automotive and AI sectors, to compete with established foreign players [2][3]. - The demand for MLCCs is expected to grow due to the proliferation of electric vehicles, advancements in smart driving technologies, and the upgrade of consumer electronics [3]. Summary by Sections 1. MLCC Industry Development Status - MLCCs are the most widely used and fastest-growing surface-mounted components, accounting for approximately 65% of passive components in the electronics industry [13]. - The industry is characterized by significant cyclicality, with historical price trends showing cycles of about 4-5 years [33]. - The current inventory levels are deemed reasonable, with a supportive demand from automotive electronics and AI servers [41]. 2. MLCC Industry Development Trends and Outlook - The demand for MLCCs is expanding due to innovations in AI and automotive electronics, while advancements in manufacturing processes are driving up average selling prices (ASP) [2][3]. - The domestic supply chain is evolving, with a focus on high-end MLCC production to reduce reliance on imports [60][75]. 3. Company Analysis - Key domestic players like SanHuan Group and Fenghua are making significant investments to enhance their production capabilities and product quality, aiming to enter the global first-tier market [2][74]. - Emerging companies such as DaliKep and WeiRong are focusing on niche markets, filling gaps in RF and ultra-miniature products [2][74]. - The competitive landscape shows that foreign companies still dominate the high-end MLCC market, while domestic firms are rapidly catching up [42][43].
澜起科技(688008):公司25年中报业绩点评:DDR5渗透率提升盈利改善,PCIeretimer放量增强业绩弹性
Guoyuan Securities· 2025-09-02 11:04
Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company with a target price of 130 CNY per share, indicating an upside potential to 145 CNY per share [5][12][14]. Core Views - The company reported a significant revenue increase of 58.17% year-on-year for H1 2025, reaching 2.633 billion CNY, with a net profit growth of 95.41% to 1.159 billion CNY [1][7]. - The DDR5 penetration rate has improved from 50% to 80%, contributing to a revenue increase in DDR memory interface and supporting chips, which accounted for 93.5% of total revenue [2][8]. - The PCIe retimer segment has emerged as a key growth driver, with a revenue increase of 119% year-on-year, and the company is expected to increase its market share from 12% to 14% [2][9]. - The CXL MXC chip market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 169% from 2025 to 2030, with the company’s 3.x version expected to enter mass production in the second half of next year [2][10]. Financial Performance - For H1 2025, the company achieved a gross margin of 60.44% and a net margin of 42.24%, with gross profit margins expected to remain high due to the increasing proportion of second and third-generation products [1][7][8]. - The company forecasts net profits of 2.484 billion CNY and 2.966 billion CNY for 2025 and 2026, respectively, with corresponding P/E ratios of 57x and 48x [4][12]. - The projected revenue for 2025 is 5.803 billion CNY, reflecting a growth rate of 59.5% [4][12]. Market Potential - The CKD chip is anticipated to become a standard product in desktop memory platforms, with a projected market size of approximately 238 million USD by 2030 [3][11]. - The MRCD/MDB second-generation products are expected to gain support from Intel and AMD platforms, with significant market growth anticipated by 2027-2028 [10][11].
圣邦股份(300661):公司25年中报业绩点评:工业景气度明显,电源管理盈利未见改善
Guoyuan Securities· 2025-09-02 11:04
Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company, with a target price of 83 CNY per share and an upside potential corresponding to a price of 89 CNY per share for 2026 [2][8][4]. Core Views - The company reported a revenue of 1.819 billion CNY for H1 2025, representing a year-over-year increase of 15.37%, and a net profit of 201 million CNY, up 12.42% YoY. The gross margin and net margin were 50.16% and 10.65%, respectively [1][2]. - The overall industry is in an upward cycle, with the global consumer electronics market continuing to show positive trends, supported by domestic consumption incentives. However, competition remains fierce, leading to a general decline in prices [1][2]. - The company is expected to achieve over 20% revenue growth in 2025, with projections of net profits reaching 535 million CNY in 2025 and 684 million CNY in 2026, corresponding to P/E ratios of 89x and 70x, respectively [2][3]. Financial Data and Valuation - For 2025, the company is projected to have a revenue of 4.031 billion CNY, with a growth rate of 20.4%. The net profit is expected to be 535 million CNY, reflecting a growth rate of 7% [3]. - The earnings per share (EPS) for 2025 is estimated at 0.87 CNY, with a P/E ratio of 89.41 [3][4]. - The report anticipates that the company's gross margin will stabilize around 50% as the industry recovers, with significant contributions from the industrial and automotive sectors [10][11].
英伟达新一代芯片预计26年出货,台积电预计Q4量产2nm | 投研报告
Zhong Guo Neng Yuan Wang· 2025-09-02 01:33
Market Overview - The overseas AI chip index decreased by 1.44% this week, with Marvell down 13.88%, AMD down 3.06%, and Nvidia down 2.14%. MPS and TSMC experienced declines of less than 1% [1][2] - The domestic AI chip index increased by 11.3%, with companies like Rockchip, Loongson Technology, and Cambricon rising over 20%. Tongfu Microelectronics rose by 9.46%, SMIC by 8.06%, and GigaDevice by 5.37%. Aojie Technology saw a decline of 7.53% [1][2] - The Nvidia mapping index rose by 18.9%, with Changxin Technology up 39.07% and Megmeet up 29.09%. Other companies like Huadian Technology, Invec, Shenghong Technology, and Jianghai Technology also saw increases of over 20%, while Jingwang Electronics and Industrial Fulian rose around 17% [2] Industry Data - The expected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the semiconductor industry from 2024 to 2030 is 12.8%, with smartwatches showing competitive advantages in health data monitoring due to screen and sensor capabilities [3] - In Q2 2025, the DRAM revenues for SK Hynix, Samsung Electronics, and Micron are projected to be $12.2 billion, $9.6 billion, and $7.1 billion respectively, with SK Hynix expected to surpass Samsung in revenue starting Q4 2024 [3] - The European smartphone market is projected to see a 9% year-on-year decline in Q2 2025, with Samsung, Apple, and Xiaomi experiencing declines of 10%, 4%, and 4% respectively [3] Major Events - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued guidelines aiming for over 10 million satellite communication users by 2030, promoting large-scale applications of mobile direct satellite services [4] - Tesla's humanoid robot, Optimus, is being trained using a pure vision approach, consistent with its autonomous driving technology strategy [4] - Horizon's revenue for the first half of 2025 reached 1.567 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 67.6%, with market shares for ADAS and autonomous driving solutions at 45.8% and 32.4% respectively [5]
半导体与半导体生产设备行业周报、月报:英伟达新一代芯片预计26年出货,台积电预计Q4量产2nm-20250901
Guoyuan Securities· 2025-09-01 14:16
Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" investment rating for the semiconductor and semiconductor equipment industry [5] Core Insights - The semiconductor industry is experiencing fluctuations in stock performance, with overseas AI chip indices declining by 1.44% while domestic AI chip indices increased by 11.3% during the week of August 25 to August 31, 2025 [1][10] - Significant growth is anticipated in the global smart medical market, with a projected CAGR of 12.8% from 2024 to 2030, driven by advancements in wearable technology such as smartwatches [2][23] - The DRAM revenue for major players in Q2 2025 is reported as follows: SK Hynix at $12.2 billion, Samsung at $9.6 billion, and Micron at $7.1 billion, with SK Hynix expected to maintain its lead in DRAM revenue [2][24] Market Indices - The overseas AI chip index saw a decline of 1.44% this week, with notable drops from Marvell (13.88%) and AMD (3.06%), while domestic AI chip index rose by 11.3% [1][10] - The server ODM index decreased by 0.4%, with Quanta experiencing a significant drop of 6.13% [1][10] - The storage chip index increased by 4.6%, led by Dongxin's 28.47% rise [1][10] - The power semiconductor index rose by 5.5%, indicating positive momentum in this segment [1][10] Major Events - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in China has issued guidelines aiming for over 10 million satellite communication users by 2030, promoting the large-scale application of mobile direct satellite services [3][37] - Tesla's humanoid robot, Optimus, is being trained using a pure vision approach, aligning with its autonomous driving technology strategy [3][39] - Horizon's revenue for the first half of 2025 reached 1.567 billion yuan, marking a 67.6% year-on-year increase, with significant market share in ADAS and autonomous driving solutions [3][29]
A股9月开门红!券商金股出炉 看好五大板块
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-09-01 11:55
Market Performance - The ChiNext Index rose by 2.29%, the Shenzhen Component Index increased by 1%, and the Shanghai Composite Index gained 0.46%, with over 3,200 stocks in the three markets showing gains and a total trading volume exceeding 2.78 trillion yuan [1] - Major A-share indices have broken through key resistance levels since August 2025, with the Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, and ChiNext Index all surpassing their October 2024 highs [1] Index Performance in August - The major indices' performance in August showed significant gains, with the STAR 50 Index up by 28.00%, the ChiNext Index up by 24.13%, and the Shenzhen Component Index up by 15.32% [2] - The Shanghai Composite Index recorded a trading volume of 20.07 trillion yuan with a rise of 7.97% [2] Concept Index Performance - In August, the CPO Index (光模块) led the gains with an increase of 46.66%, followed by the Stock Trading Software Index at 41.12% and the Optical Communication Index at 37.02% [3] - Other notable indices included the Server Index (34.41%) and the Consumer Electronics OEM Index (33.28%) [3] Notable Stocks - Stocks such as Geberit and Kaipu Cloud saw significant increases, with Geberit achieving a rise of 155.37% in August [4] September Stock Recommendations - Fourteen brokerage firms have released their "golden stocks" for September, with notable mentions including China Gold International and Shandong Gold [5] - Stocks like ZTE Corporation and SMIC were recommended three times, while New Yisheng saw an 88.26% increase in its stock price last month [6][7] Focused Sectors for September - Brokerages are focusing on sectors such as technology growth (AI, semiconductors, optical modules), high-end manufacturing (military, new energy, engineering machinery), and consumer sectors (liquor) [8] - Financial sectors including brokerage firms, insurance, and financial derivatives are also highlighted for potential investment [8] Brokerage Insights for September - Citic Securities emphasizes resources, innovative drugs, consumer electronics, chemicals, gaming, and military sectors as key areas of focus [9] - Guotai Junan Securities predicts that the market will continue to rise, with a focus on mid-cap stocks and low-position blue-chip stocks [9] - Huatai Securities suggests that risk appetite is likely to improve, recommending investments in AI, pharmaceuticals, and military sectors [9]
东北固收转债分析:2025年9月十大转债-2025年9月
NORTHEAST SECURITIES· 2025-09-01 00:45
1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided in the report regarding the industry investment rating. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report The report presents the top ten convertible bonds for September 2025, including detailed information on each bond such as credit rating, closing price at the end of August, conversion premium rate, and the financial and business conditions of the underlying companies, as well as their key attractions [13][23][35]. 3. Summary by Company 3.1 Zhongte Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AAA rating, August closing price of 114.493 yuan, conversion premium rate of 96.64%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 12.68 [6][13]. - **Company Overview**: A global leader in specialized special - steel materials manufacturing, with a production capacity of about 20 million tons of special - steel materials per year. It has multiple production and raw material bases, forming a strategic layout along the coast and rivers [13]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 109.203 billion yuan (YoY - 4.22%), net profit attributable to the parent was 5.126 billion yuan (YoY - 10.41%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 54.715 billion yuan (YoY - 4.02%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 2.798 billion yuan (YoY + 2.67%) [13]. - **Company Highlights**: It is one of the world's most comprehensive special - steel enterprises in terms of variety and specifications, with leading market shares in core products. It has a complete industrial chain and strong cost - control capabilities. It also seeks external expansion opportunities [14]. 3.2 Shanlu Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AAA rating, August closing price of 117.2 yuan, conversion premium rate of 48.74%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 4.02 [6][23]. - **Company Overview**: Mainly engaged in road and bridge engineering construction and maintenance, and is expanding into other fields. It has a complete business and management system [23]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 71.348 billion yuan (YoY - 2.3%), net profit attributable to the parent was 2.322 billion yuan (YoY + 1.47%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 28.575 billion yuan (YoY + 0.26%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 1.029 billion yuan (YoY + 0.89%) [23]. - **Company Highlights**: Controlled by the Shandong Provincial SASAC, it has the potential for improvement in its balance sheet, liquidity, and order volume. It is expected to benefit from infrastructure construction in Shandong and the Belt and Road Initiative [24]. 3.3 Hebang Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AA rating, August closing price of 121.6 yuan, conversion premium rate of 27.33%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of - 154.7 [6][35]. - **Company Overview**: It has advantages in salt mines, phosphate mines, and natural gas supply. Its business has expanded from single - product operations to multiple sectors including chemicals, agriculture, and photovoltaics [35]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 8.547 billion yuan (YoY - 3.13%), net profit attributable to the parent was 0.031 billion yuan (YoY - 97.55%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 3.921 billion yuan (YoY - 19.13%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 0.052 billion yuan (YoY - 73.07%) [35]. - **Company Highlights**: Its phosphate mines and salt mines contribute to profits, and its liquid methionine production is a major profit - contributor [36]. 3.4 Aima Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AA rating, August closing price of 127.164 yuan, conversion premium rate of 31.95%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 14.18 [6][46]. - **Company Overview**: A leading enterprise in the electric two - wheeler industry, producing and selling various electric two - wheelers through dealers [46]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 21.606 billion yuan (YoY + 2.71%), net profit attributable to the parent was 1.988 billion yuan (YoY + 5.68%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 13.031 billion yuan (YoY + 23.04%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 1.213 billion yuan (YoY + 27.56%) [46]. - **Company Highlights**: It may benefit from government subsidies for trade - ins, the implementation of new national standards, and has potential for improving gross margins [47]. 3.5 Xingye Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AAA rating, August closing price of 124.698 yuan, conversion premium rate of 17.91%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 6.14 [6][55]. - **Company Overview**: One of the first - established joint - stock commercial banks, evolving into a modern financial service group [55]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 212.226 billion yuan (YoY + 0.66%), net profit attributable to the parent was 77.205 billion yuan (YoY + 0.12%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 110.458 billion yuan (YoY - 2.29%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 43.141 billion yuan (YoY + 0.21%) [55]. - **Company Highlights**: It has stable asset quality and scale growth, with a large number of corporate and retail customers [56]. 3.6 Wentai Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AA - rating, August closing price of 123.15 yuan, conversion premium rate of 23.63%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of - 19.91 [6][67]. - **Company Overview**: A global leader in semiconductor R & D and manufacturing, adopting the IDM model [67]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 73.598 billion yuan (YoY + 20.23%), net profit attributable to the parent was - 2.833 billion yuan (YoY - 339.83%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 25.341 billion yuan (YoY - 24.56%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 0.474 billion yuan (YoY + 237.36%) [67]. - **Company Highlights**: After divesting some subsidiaries, it focuses on the semiconductor business, which has shown growth. Its automotive and consumer electronics businesses also have development potential [68]. 3.7 Chongqing Bank Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AAA rating, August closing price of 123.688 yuan, conversion premium rate of 21.55%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 6.47 [6][78]. - **Company Overview**: One of the earliest local joint - stock commercial banks in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, with a wide range of business operations [78]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 13.679 billion yuan (YoY + 3.54%), net profit attributable to the parent was 5.117 billion yuan (YoY + 3.8%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 7.659 billion yuan (YoY + 7%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 3.19 billion yuan (YoY + 5.39%) [78]. - **Company Highlights**: It benefits from the national strategy of the Chengdu - Chongqing economic circle, has stable asset - scale growth, and actively adjusts its credit strategy [79]. 3.8 Tianye Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AA + rating, August closing price of 123.717 yuan, conversion premium rate of 84.35%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 146.1 [6][90]. - **Company Overview**: A leading enterprise in the chlor - alkali chemical industry in Xinjiang, with an integrated circular economy industrial chain [90]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 11.156 billion yuan (YoY - 2.7%), net profit attributable to the parent was 0.068 billion yuan (YoY + 108.83%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 5.16 billion yuan (YoY - 0.98%), and net profit attributable to the parent was - 0.009 billion yuan (YoY - 228.22%) [90]. - **Company Highlights**: It has relatively stable caustic soda production costs and plans to increase dividend frequency, while its group is promoting two coal - mine projects [91]. 3.9 Huanxu Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AA + rating, August closing price of 127.8 yuan, conversion premium rate of 24.45%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 27.85 [6][101]. - **Company Overview**: A global leader in electronic manufacturing design, providing value - added services to brand customers [101]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 60.691 billion yuan (YoY - 0.17%), net profit attributable to the parent was 1.652 billion yuan (YoY - 15.16%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 27.214 billion yuan (YoY - 0.63%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 0.638 billion yuan (YoY - 18.66%) [101]. - **Company Highlights**: It is a leading manufacturer of smart - wearable SiP modules and has strengthened its R & D and production capabilities in key fields through global expansion [102]. 3.10 Yushui Convertible Bond - **Bond Information**: AAA rating, August closing price of 124.714 yuan, conversion premium rate of 28.15%, and a positive stock PE - TTM of 27.4 [6][111]. - **Company Overview**: The largest integrated water supply and drainage enterprise in Chongqing, with a monopoly position in the local market [111]. - **Financial Data**: In 2024, its operating income was 6.999 billion yuan (YoY - 3.52%), net profit attributable to the parent was 0.785 billion yuan (YoY - 27.88%). In the first half of 2025, operating income was 3.519 billion yuan (YoY + 7.16%), and net profit attributable to the parent was 0.458 billion yuan (YoY + 10.06%) [111]. - **Company Highlights**: It has a high market share in Chongqing, is expanding its business externally, and has achieved cost control through intelligent applications [112].