哎呀，提起许小年这个人，大家可能觉得他是个挺有名的经济学家，他说过不少关于中国怎么发展的看法，这些年总是在各种场合讲他的那套思路。 许小年出生在1953年，早年在美国学经济学，拿了博士学位，回国后在中欧国际工商学院教书，还得过孙冶方经济科学奖，这让他在经济学圈子里挺有分 量。 他一直推崇市场自己调节的那一套，觉得国家别插手太多，要让企业通过竞争来决定谁行谁不行。 他的观点听起来挺简单，就是中国工业底子还薄，核心技术没掌握牢靠，别急着去追那些高端的东西，比如高铁、芯片和新能源车什么的。 他担心国家砸钱进去容易把资源用歪了，导致一大堆债务和低效的项目堆在那里。 许小年对高铁的看法特别鲜明，他从2011年左右就开始说高铁这事儿风险太大，资金投进去短期内收不回来，还可能变成债务的包袱。 他觉得高铁票价高，乘客不一定多，国家应该收紧资金，别盲目扩建。 结果呢，要是高层真听他的，那高铁网络可能就停留在早期阶段，京沪线开通了但后续线路拖拖拉拉，全国高铁总里程到现在可能还不到两万公里。 芯片方面，他觉得短期内追不上国外，别太激进，国家资金别一股脑儿砸进去，让市场自己选出能干的企业。他说过芯片被卡脖子是正常的，别急着突破， 得 ...

中新社北京2月6日电 题：中国三大国际科创中心如何成为全球创新"关键极"？ 作者 徐飞 福耀科技大学常务副校长 在新一轮科技革命与产业变革交织演进的当下，科技创新已成为大国战略博弈的核心场域。2025年末召开的中央经济工作会议提出，建设北京(京津冀)、 上海(长三角)、粤港澳大湾区三大国际科技创新中心。这既是中国应对全球竞争的战略抉择，也是培育新质生产力、抢占未来发展制高点的关键举措。 2025年12月8日，上海，工程师在量产工厂调试机器人。当日，智元第5000台通用具身机器人——灵犀X2正式量产下线。中新社记者 汤彦俊 摄 从国际经验来看，顶尖科技创新中心往往是全球创新要素的集聚枢纽、产业变革的策源地和国家核心竞争力的集中体现。美国硅谷凭借半导体与互联网技 术重塑全球产业格局，波士顿依托生命科学与人工智能引领前沿突破。这些案例无不印证，国际科创中心的崛起能够推动区域经济能级跃升，形成"创新 —产业—财富"的正向循环，为国家在全球分工体系中赢得战略主动。 中国选择京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区作为国际科创中心承载地，是基于区域禀赋的战略考量。三大区域凭借差异化的核心优势，构成了中国国际科技 创新的"黄金三角"。 ...

2025年12月8日，上海，工程师在量产工厂调试机器人。当日，智元第5000台通用具身机器人——灵犀 X2正式量产下线。中新社记者 汤彦俊 摄 从国际经验来看，顶尖科技创新中心往往是全球创新要素的集聚枢纽、产业变革的策源地和国家核心竞 争力的集中体现。美国硅谷凭借半导体与互联网技术重塑全球产业格局，波士顿依托生命科学与人工智 能引领前沿突破。这些案例无不印证，国际科创中心的崛起能够推动区域经济能级跃升，形成"创新— 产业—财富"的正向循环，为国家在全球分工体系中赢得战略主动。 中国选择京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区作为国际科创中心承载地，是基于区域禀赋的战略考量。三大 区域凭借差异化的核心优势，构成了中国国际科技创新的"黄金三角"。 京津冀以北京为核心，集聚了全国最优质的科研资源，拥有清华大学、北京大学等顶尖高校和中国科学 院等科研院所，在人工智能、量子信息等基础研究领域接近国际前沿，北京连续第四年稳居《国际科技 创新中心指数2025》（下称："GIHI2025指数"）三甲，其科学中心维度更是首次登顶全球。 2025年6月28日，在北京举行的中国首场机器人足球3V3 AI赛总决赛中，清华大学火神队5比3战胜中国 ...

2025年刚过，中国城市的经济"成绩单"一公布，可就热闹了。GDP五十强的榜单年年有，但今年的变动，还真有点看头。这可不是简单数字排排坐，背后藏 着的是各个城市真刀真枪拼家底、谋未来的大戏。国家层面区域协调发展的棋越下越大，加上创新驱动这股东风，让一些城市抓住了机会，实现了漂亮的跨 越。今天，咱们就挑几个变化特别显眼的聊聊，看看它们到底凭什么脱颖而出。 | 2025年GDP五十强城市(亿元) | 2024(修订前) | 排名 | 2024(修订后) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 城市 | 2025 | 增量 | 名义增长 | 实际增长 | 全国 | 1401879. 2 | 1349084 | 1348066. 2 | 3.99% | 5.0% | 53813 | | | | | | | | F | 56708.71 | 海 | 53759. 53 | 294 ...

Economic Comparison - The economic strength comparison between China and the United States is not a simple race but a complex international chess game [1] - In 2024, China's GDP is projected to reach approximately $18.93 trillion, ranking second globally, while the U.S. GDP is expected to be around $29.18 trillion, with a growth rate of 6.9% [3] - The gap in GDP between the two countries is significant, with the U.S. expected to reach $30.6 trillion by 2025, while China may reach $19.63 trillion, resulting in an $11 trillion difference [3] Industry Structure - The U.S. service sector accounts for over 80% of its economy, with finance, technology, and high-end services contributing nearly half of the global output [5] - China's service sector has increased to 54.6% of its GDP in 2023, but it still lags behind the U.S. in high-value and high-end service industries [5] - The transition from being the "world's factory" to an "innovation engine" is a critical challenge for China, as it faces "bottleneck" issues in technology [5] Technological Innovation - The semiconductor industry is a key battleground in U.S.-China competition, with U.S. companies holding over 60% of the global high-performance chip market [6] - In 2023, the top ten global R&D investors included five U.S. companies and only two from China, indicating a significant gap in innovation capabilities [8] - The future economic fate of both countries will hinge on their ability to innovate and achieve breakthroughs in technology [8] Income Disparity - In 2024, the per capita GDP in the U.S. is expected to exceed $86,000, while China's is around $13,000, representing only about 15% of the U.S. figure [9] - This income disparity reflects significant differences in living standards, healthcare, and educational resources between the two countries [9] Soft Power and Global Influence - The U.S. maintains control over major global financial systems, with the dollar as the world's primary reserve currency [12] - China is expanding its global influence through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank [12] - The competition for soft power has evolved into a multi-faceted contest, where gaining international support is crucial for future global positioning [12] Trade Relations and Global Supply Chains - Trade tensions and tariff wars between the U.S. and China have led to adjustments in global supply chains, with many manufacturing orders shifting to emerging markets [14] - In 2023, China set a record for foreign direct investment, as companies seek to mitigate external risks [14] - The ongoing trade disputes have direct impacts on consumer prices and employment, affecting ordinary citizens [14] Future Economic Landscape - The global economic landscape is shifting from a U.S.-China dominance to a more diversified and complex structure, with countries like India and the EU seeking to close the gap [16] - The competition between China and the U.S. is not just about GDP figures but encompasses comprehensive national strength, innovation capacity, and the well-being of citizens [16] - The ability to improve technological strength and soft power while ensuring that more people benefit from economic growth is essential for China's long-term success [19]

2026.01. 28 本文字数：1750，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 高雅 在国际贸易环境日趋复杂的背景下，欧盟近期采取的一系列措施进一步加剧了全球经贸摩擦。 根据中国贸促会于1月28日在北京举行的月度例行新闻发布会公布的数据，2025年11月全球经贸摩擦指数监 测范围内涵盖的20个国家（地区）中，欧盟、美国与韩国位列前三。当月，欧盟因频繁发起多项反补贴和反 倾销调查，其经贸摩擦措施涉及金额超越美国，取代了后者连续16个月占据的榜首位置。 这种摩擦态势在涉华经贸领域表现得尤为突出。贸促会数据显示，当月19个国家（地区）的涉华经贸摩擦指 数录得101，处于高位。其中，欧盟的涉华摩擦指数最高，半导体材料、稀土磁铁和液晶产品等关键行业的 指数居高。但当月涉华经贸摩擦措施涉及的绝对金额在同比与环比上分别下降12.4%和2.4%。 王文帅表示："欧盟的上述举动，均对中国企业构成不公平、歧视性待遇。中国企业长期在欧依法合规经 营，中国产品、服务普遍惠及欧盟各国人民，双方工商界合作不断深化，产业链供应链深度融合。中国工商 界坚决反对欧方对中国企业的歧视行为和带有明显单边主义与贸易保护主义色彩的错误做法，呼吁欧 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government expresses serious concern over the European Union's classification of certain Chinese companies as high-risk suppliers, which restricts their participation in 5G infrastructure development [1][2] Group 1: EU's Actions - The European Commission proposed a new amendment to the Cybersecurity Act on January 20, aiming to phase out components and equipment from high-risk suppliers in critical infrastructure [1] - The EU's requirement for member states to exclude high-risk suppliers from 18 key industries, including energy, transportation, and ICT services, is viewed as a direct action against Chinese companies [1] Group 2: China's Response - The Chinese government emphasizes that its companies have been operating in Europe in compliance with local laws, providing quality products and services that contribute to the development of the European telecommunications and digital industries [1] - The Chinese government firmly opposes the EU's discriminatory actions against Chinese companies and the politicization of economic issues [1] Group 3: Market Implications - The use of non-technical standards by the EU to restrict or prohibit market access is seen as a significant distortion of fair competition, which could harm both parties and create risks in the digital supply chain [1] - The Chinese government urges the EU to adhere to the principle of technological neutrality in cybersecurity and avoid excessive security measures that could hinder normal economic cooperation between China and the EU [2]

Market Overview - The Hong Kong stock market experienced a decline, with the Hang Seng Index closing at 23,831 points, down 145 points or 0.61% [1] - The market turnover decreased to 82.799 billion, with net inflows of 484 million from the Stock Connect [1] - The technology sector remains a key focus, with expectations for long-term growth opportunities in AI applications and self-reliance in technology [3] Company Performance - The report highlights the performance of leading companies in the sports apparel sector, specifically Li Ning, which saw a 2.9% increase in stock price [3] - Li Ning's revenue for the first half of 2025 reached 14.817 billion, a year-on-year increase of 3.3%, with a gross margin of 50% [9] - The report suggests that Li Ning's brand strength is recovering, particularly in the running category, where it holds a 15% market share in China [9] Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on sectors supported by government policies, including AI, semiconductors, and industrial software [3] - It also suggests monitoring consumer sectors benefiting from domestic demand expansion, such as sports apparel and non-essential services [3] - The report emphasizes the value of state-owned enterprises with low valuations and high dividends, as well as upstream non-ferrous metals benefiting from anticipated interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in 2026 [3]

Group 1 - Sega Technology has experienced a consecutive two-day trading limit increase, achieving a two-day board upgrade [1] - The stock reached a trading limit at 10:19 AM with a transaction volume of 795 million yuan and a turnover rate of 8.31% [1] - The market is optimistic about the future development of the elevator and 5G industries, as well as potential opportunities in the energy storage sector, which has attracted market attention to the company [1]

Core Viewpoint - The report emphasizes the importance of expanding high-level opening-up as a means to promote inclusive and beneficial economic globalization, aligning with China's modernization goals and addressing both domestic and international challenges [2][4][5]. Group 1: Significance of High-Level Opening-Up - High-level opening-up is seen as a strong driving force for high-quality development, enhancing competitiveness in industries such as high-speed rail, 5G, smartphones, and artificial intelligence [2]. - It is crucial for meeting the people's needs for a better life, as it directly impacts employment and the availability of diverse consumer goods [3]. - The approach aims to promote inclusive globalization, with China transitioning from a "follower" to a "leader" in global economic engagement [4]. Group 2: Achievements in Opening-Up - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's foreign trade maintained resilience, with goods trade exceeding 6 trillion USD and a continuous increase in new products and business entities [7]. - The country has made significant strides in autonomous opening-up, including zero tariffs for products from least developed countries and a reduction in overall tariff levels to 7.3% [8]. - Collaborative initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative have gained traction, with numerous investment cooperation memorandums signed with partner countries [9]. Group 3: Current Challenges and Opportunities - The global economic landscape is characterized by uncertainty, with the IMF projecting slower growth rates for 2025 and 2026 [12]. - China is positioned to leverage its economic strengths and adapt to external changes, with a focus on digital and green sectors as new growth areas [12][13]. - The country aims to enhance its role in global governance and maintain a fair international economic order, emphasizing the importance of multilateralism [10][14]. Group 4: Future Directions for Opening-Up - Key tasks for the "15th Five-Year Plan" include expanding autonomous opening-up, promoting trade innovation, and enhancing bilateral investment cooperation [14][15][16]. - The focus will be on high-quality Belt and Road construction, strengthening partnerships with participating countries, and ensuring legal protections for overseas investments [17].