来源：大白侃财经 上世纪末，大量外资为获取我国充足且成本较低的劳动力，纷纷来华布局劳动密集型产业链，昌硕科技 正是其中典型代表。 依托苹果公司大量订单，昌硕在鼎盛时期曾同时运行八条产线。熟练工人每日可完成上千部手机组装， 月收入过万并非罕见。 然而，代工企业仅承担基础组装环节，缺乏核心技术，完全依赖外企订单生存。随着美方持续实施科技 限制，中国大陆已有32家代工厂被苹果剔除出供应链。 即便是昌硕这类大型企业也未能幸免，订单量出现断崖式下滑。 据内部员工透露：目前生产任务极少，日均工作5小时已属难得。在计件薪酬体系下，工时缩短直接导 致收入锐减，月薪从过万降至约3000元，许多人因难以维持生计而选择离职。 最近昌硕撤离的消息再次甚嚣尘上。 根据部分媒体报道，昌硕即将关停上海厂区，小部分搬迁至附近昆山厂区，大部分产线则转移至成本更 低廉的东南亚地区。 目前并未有官方消息回应，但昌硕撤离的消息已经不是首次出现。从几年前，果链大规模转移至南亚、 东南亚等地，昌硕也随之收缩，上海厂区部分产线和厂房已经卖给了立讯精密。 而此次再传撤离，昌硕科技引发的关注依然巨大，毕竟关系到近10万工作岗位。对此国内十分焦心，而 国外却一 ...

Core Viewpoint - The domestic new energy vehicle (NEV) industry is shifting its focus from research and manufacturing to the construction of a comprehensive service ecosystem across the entire value chain, as highlighted by the increasing sales and ownership of NEVs in China [3][5]. Group 1: Market Trends and Challenges - Monthly sales of domestic NEVs have consistently exceeded 1 million units since Q2 this year, with a penetration rate stabilizing above 40%, and the total number of NEVs in circulation surpassing 32 million [3]. - The implementation of vehicle replacement policies has led to a steady increase in the supply and transaction volume of second-hand NEVs [3]. - The industry is facing growing consumer pain points and challenges related to the use and circulation of NEVs, indicating a need for improved service ecosystems [3][5]. Group 2: Research Initiatives - The China Electromechanical Equipment Maintenance and Renovation Technology Association (CEMMTRA) has initiated the establishment of a New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Appraisal Committee and launched a research project on the comprehensive service ecosystem for NEVs [4]. - The research project will focus on nine major directions, inviting participation from various industry stakeholders and research institutions [4]. Group 3: Key Questions and Development Needs - The industry is addressing five critical questions regarding the implementation of the "3060" strategy, the standardization of the NEV aftermarket, the adaptation of the insurance market, the development of automotive circulation and remanufacturing, and enhancing the role of power batteries [5][6]. - The need for a standardized and transparent battery repair and replacement system is emphasized, as current practices lead to high costs and limited options for consumers [12][15]. Group 4: Solutions and Recommendations - To tackle the challenges in the insurance market, regulatory bodies have issued guidelines to enhance the quality of NEV insurance, aiming to improve product offerings and establish a high compensation risk-sharing mechanism [10]. - Establishing a warranty extension mechanism for power batteries is crucial to improve the circulation efficiency of NEVs and enhance consumer confidence [11]. - The industry is encouraged to develop a comprehensive battery repair and appraisal system to address high technical barriers and costs associated with battery maintenance [17].

Core Viewpoint - The newly released national standard for electric vehicle batteries, known as the "strictest battery safety regulation in history," emphasizes safety over energy density, marking a shift in the industry towards prioritizing safety technology and quality over mere performance metrics [2][4][12]. Summary by Sections New National Standard - The "Safety Requirements for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles" (GB38031-2025) will be implemented on July 1, 2026, introducing mandatory standards for batteries to not catch fire or explode after thermal runaway [4][11]. - The new standard includes 7 individual tests and 17 battery pack/system tests, enhancing safety measures compared to the 2020 version [4][5]. Industry Impact - The introduction of the new standard is expected to raise industry entry barriers, accelerate the exit of low-end production capacity, and concentrate market resources among leading companies [2][12]. - Companies like CATL, BYD, and others have already announced compliance with the new standards, indicating a proactive approach to safety [7][12]. Technological Advancements - The new standard requires improvements in battery design to reduce the likelihood of self-ignition, including new tests for rapid charging cycles and impact resistance [5][8]. - Solid-state batteries are anticipated to benefit from the new safety requirements, as they offer better thermal stability and safety features compared to traditional lithium batteries [9][12]. Market Dynamics - The shift towards safety as a core competitive advantage is expected to reshape the industry landscape, favoring companies that invest in research and development and prioritize product quality [12]. - The new regulations may lead to increased costs for companies as they upgrade technology and production processes to meet the new standards [11][12]. Future Outlook - The industry is likely to see a consolidation trend, with larger firms gaining a competitive edge due to their ability to meet the new safety standards and invest in advanced technologies [12]. - The transition from a price-driven market to one focused on quality and safety is expected to enhance the overall stability and reliability of electric vehicle batteries [11][12].

Core Viewpoint - The transition from traditional fuel vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is creating a significant demand for skilled maintenance personnel, with a projected 60%-65% of EVs requiring service between 2025 and 2028, highlighting a critical shortage of qualified technicians in the industry [1][20][21]. Group 1: Industry Context - As of April 2025, the penetration rate of EVs is expected to reach 50%, with an estimated ownership of over 100 million vehicles by 2030 [1][20]. - The complexity of EVs, particularly their battery systems, necessitates higher knowledge and skill levels for maintenance personnel compared to traditional vehicles [21]. Group 2: Standard Development - The China Society of Automotive Engineers released the "Professional Competency Requirements for Power Battery Maintenance Technicians" (T/CSAE 442-2025) in May 2025, aiming to standardize training and evaluation for technicians [3][10]. - The standard categorizes battery maintenance technicians into four levels: Level 4 (Technician), Level 3 (Senior Technician), Level 2 (Technician/Assistant Engineer), and Level 1 (Senior Technician/Engineer), each with progressively advanced skill requirements [4][25]. Group 3: Competency Requirements - The standard outlines comprehensive competency requirements across twelve areas, including system maintenance, fault diagnosis, and quality management [7][10]. - It provides a framework for evaluating the professional capabilities of maintenance personnel, which is essential for ensuring service quality and industry competitiveness [9][12]. Group 4: Training and Implementation - To facilitate the adoption of the new standard, a training program titled "Power Battery Maintenance Technician Professional Competency Enhancement Project" was launched in collaboration with CATL, focusing on aligning training with the new competency requirements [15][17]. - The implementation of this standard is expected to enhance the professional image of battery maintenance personnel and support the sustainable development of the EV industry [12][17].

Core Points - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) has released key points for the standardization work in the automotive sector for 2025, focusing on enhancing green and low-carbon standards [1] - The initiative aims to promote the implementation of standards for passenger vehicle fuel consumption evaluation methods and indicators, as well as energy consumption limits for electric vehicles [1] - The development of standards for monitoring energy consumption in passenger vehicles, electric utilization coefficients for light hybrid vehicles, and predictive cruise control system evaluations is being accelerated [1] Group 1 - The MIIT is conducting preliminary research on standards for average fuel consumption evaluation of heavy commercial vehicles, technical specifications for hydrogen (ammonia) engine vehicles, and classification and grading of automotive energy-saving [1] - The initiative aims to continuously promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the automotive industry [1] - The MIIT is pushing for the implementation of standards related to greenhouse gas management terminology and definitions for road vehicles, product carbon footprint labeling, and carbon footprints for key products related to passenger vehicles [1] Group 2 - The initiative includes the review and approval of carbon emission accounting standards for engine manufacturing companies and scrapped vehicle recycling enterprises [1] - The development of carbon footprint standards for complete vehicle manufacturing companies, electric vehicles, power batteries, and drive motors is being accelerated [1] - Preliminary research is being conducted on carbon reduction technology standards related to electronic identification of automotive products, the use of recycled materials, and comprehensive utilization of scrapped vehicles [1]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the industry [3]. Core Insights - The report highlights the prominence of leading companies and the ongoing push towards new directions in the industry [1]. Summary by Sections 1. Weekly Review of the Electric New Energy Sector - The CJ Electric New Energy Index fell by 0.41% this week, with the first half of the week seeing a rebound following the broader market, while the latter half was dragged down by photovoltaic and energy storage sectors due to significant tariff impacts [9]. - Wind power, lithium batteries, and electric power equipment showed stronger performance compared to other sectors [9]. 2. Important Events Review and Outlook - The distributed photovoltaic market demand continues to weaken, leading major manufacturers to lower photovoltaic module prices by 0.01-0.03 RMB/W. However, centralized bidding project scales have recently seen a significant increase [11]. - Key contracts and agreements were signed, including a sales framework agreement for battery cells and successful bids for photovoltaic component procurement [11]. - The report notes a 4.8% year-on-year increase in total electricity consumption in March, with a cumulative increase of 2.5% for the first quarter [11]. 3. Sector Strategy Summary and Core Recommendations - The report emphasizes the importance of focusing on undervalued stocks with good quarterly reports, particularly in the energy storage, electric power equipment, and lithium battery sectors, while also keeping an eye on themes like robotics and AI [14]. - For photovoltaic, the report suggests monitoring price changes in the supply chain and production schedules for May, with specific recommendations for companies like Longi Green Energy and Tongwei Co [14]. - In the energy storage sector, the report anticipates a recovery as negative tariff impacts are priced in, recommending leading companies like Sungrow Power Supply and Dewei Co [15]. - The lithium battery sector is viewed as being at a bottom stage, with recommendations for companies like CATL and Hunan YN Energy [15]. - Wind power is expected to see increased activity in offshore projects, with recommendations for companies like Orient Cable and Mingyang Smart Energy [15]. - The electric power equipment sector is advised to focus on domestic demand and potential export opportunities, with recommendations for companies like State Grid Corporation and Mingyang Electric [15]. 4. Photovoltaic Sector Analysis - The photovoltaic module prices are under downward pressure due to weak demand in the distributed market, while centralized bidding projects are increasing [20]. - The report highlights the positive progress in new technologies, including the development of high-efficiency cells and the expansion of production capacity for new battery technologies [20][36]. - The overall sentiment in the photovoltaic sector is cautious, with expectations of a recovery in the second half of the year driven by overseas demand and supply policies [36].