"我们2025年的全年表现反映了高估能源转型速度的代价。"去年夏天新上任的集团首席执行官安东尼奥 ·菲洛萨说。按他的说法，现在需要在向顾客提供"电动、混动、燃油（汽车）的全系列选择"基础上"重 置业务"。集团寄望于今年推出的新车型、尤其是在美国市场推出的燃油皮卡能带来盈利增长。 近几周来，斯泰兰蒂斯集团的一系列举措确认了它在电动车领域的退缩：它出售了在加拿大电池合资企 业NextStar Energy所持的49%股权，打算退出与韩国三星集团合建美国电池工厂的合资企业，还宣布将 在欧美市场重新推出包括柴油车在内的燃油车型。 不过，尽管美国最高法院20日裁定特朗普政府援引《国际紧急经济权力法》大规模征收关税的行为违 法，但当下有效的关税仍将给该集团带来不小成本，据集团估算其2025年美国关税成本为12亿欧元， 2026年预计升至16亿欧元。（完）（沈敏） 【新华社微特稿】斯泰兰蒂斯集团26日发布的财报显示，这一跨国车企2025年净亏损223亿欧元（约合 263亿美元），主要缘于该集团大幅收缩电动车业务、退回燃油车"老路"带来的庞大成本。同时，美国 关税政策也加重了集团的财务负担。 斯泰兰蒂斯集团本月早些时候对外预 ...

Core Insights - In January 2026, new car sales in Croatia decreased by 11.5% year-on-year, totaling 3,946 vehicles sold [1] - The market is experiencing a significant shift, with hybrid vehicles surpassing gasoline cars for the first time, accounting for 46% of sales compared to gasoline's 37.5% [1][2] Group 1: Sales Performance - Skoda led the market with 515 units sold, holding a market share of 13% [1] - Volkswagen followed closely with 514 units sold, while Toyota ranked third with 306 units [1] - Luxury car sales remained stable, with Aston Martin and Bentley each selling two units [1] Group 2: Market Composition - Hybrid vehicles sold 1,815 units, representing 46% of the total market share [1] - Gasoline vehicles accounted for 37.5% of sales, while diesel vehicles made up 11.4% [1] - Pure electric vehicles sold 145 units, constituting 3.7% of the market, and gas-powered vehicles represented 1.4% [1]

Group 1 - The total number of vehicles in Kyrgyzstan has exceeded 1.9 million, with a year-on-year growth of 13%, becoming a significant environmental concern [1] - The breakdown of vehicles by type includes 972,000 gasoline cars, 339,000 diesel cars, 56,000 natural gas vehicles, and 37,000 hybrid vehicles [1] - In 2025, a total of 15,278 electric vehicles are expected to be imported, accounting for 0.8% of the total vehicle count [1] Group 2 - The proportion of cars aged five years or less is projected to increase from 1.5% in 2024 to 4.5% in 2025 [1] - Bishkek currently has 1,447 natural gas buses and 120 electric buses, with over 100 electric vehicle charging stations established nationwide [1]

Core Insights - BYD's new car registrations in the European market reached 187,657 units in 2025, representing a year-on-year growth of 268.6% [1] - In the EU, BYD's new car registrations grew by 227.8% year-on-year, with market share increasing from 0.4% in 2024 to 1.2% in 2025 [1] Electric Vehicle Market Trends - The market share of pure electric vehicles in the EU reached 17.4% in 2025, up from 13.6% the previous year [1] - Hybrid vehicles accounted for 34.5% of the market share, remaining the preferred choice among EU consumers [1] - The combined market share of gasoline and diesel vehicles decreased from 45.2% in 2024 to 35.5% in 2025 [1] December Market Performance - In December, the market share of new pure electric vehicle registrations in the EU reached 22.6%, surpassing gasoline vehicles at 22.5% for the first time [1]

Core Insights - In 2025, Croatia sold a total of 69,140 new passenger cars, representing an 8.3% increase compared to 2024 [1] - December sales saw a year-on-year growth of 15.4%, reaching 4,206 vehicles [1] Brand Performance - The top-selling brands in Croatia were Skoda (9,458 units, 13.7% market share), Volkswagen (8,594 units, 12.4%), Opel (6,063 units, 8.7%), Renault (5,300 units, 7.7%), and Suzuki (4,299 units, 6.2%) [1] - Among emerging Asian brands, Geely sold 895 units and BYD sold 365 units [1] Fuel Type Distribution - Gasoline vehicles dominated the market with 32,574 units sold, accounting for 47.1% of the market share [1] - Hybrid vehicles followed with sales of 25,270 units, representing 36.5% of the market [1] - Diesel vehicles sold 8,684 units, making up 12.6% of the market [1] - Electric vehicles totaled 1,334 units sold, which is 1.9% of the market [1] - Gasoline-powered vehicles also had sales of 1,278 units, accounting for 1.8% [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the ongoing developments in the automotive industry, particularly focusing on electric vehicles and market performance [2][3]. Group 2 - Dongfeng Motor announced that it aims to achieve over 1 million sales in both new energy vehicles and self-owned passenger cars by 2025, with a year-on-year growth of 22% in new energy vehicle sales and a 12% increase in self-owned brand sales, which now account for 63% of total sales [2]. - The UK used car market experienced a growth of 2.8% in Q3 2025, with transaction volumes surpassing 2 million units, marking the strongest Q3 performance since 2021 and a record of 11 consecutive quarters of growth [2]. - A new mandatory standard for electric vehicle energy consumption will be implemented starting January 1, 2026, which is the first of its kind globally. This standard tightens the energy consumption limits by approximately 11% compared to the previous recommendation and aims to improve the driving experience by increasing the average driving range by about 7% for vehicles weighing around 2 tons [2][3].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the differences between diesel and gasoline engines, focusing on their combustion methods, structural differences, fuel characteristics, emissions, and after-treatment systems. Group 1: Combustion Method and Structure - The primary difference between diesel and gasoline engines lies in their combustion methods: gasoline engines use premixed flame propagation, while diesel engines rely on diffusion combustion [2] - Diesel engines operate on compression ignition (CI Engine), while gasoline engines use spark ignition (SI Engine) [2] - Diesel engines have higher fuel injection pressures, reaching up to 2500 bar, compared to gasoline engines, which typically max out at around 500 bar [3] Group 2: Efficiency and Compression Ratio - Diesel engines have a higher compression ratio (approximately 16-26) compared to gasoline engines (8-12), leading to greater thermal efficiency, which can reach 40%-45% or even over 50% in advanced models [4] - The structural simplicity of diesel engines contributes to their reliability, but they require heavier components to withstand higher explosion pressures [4] Group 3: Fuel Characteristics - Diesel has a higher energy density than gasoline, with 1 liter of diesel releasing energy equivalent to approximately 1.2 liters of gasoline [5] - Diesel engines face challenges in cold weather, as they can experience wax precipitation below 0°C, necessitating the use of low-temperature diesel [5] Group 4: Emissions and After-treatment Systems - Diesel engines emit lower carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) but higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) compared to gasoline engines [7] - Diesel vehicles are equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to reduce NOx emissions, which involves injecting urea solution into the exhaust [8] - The urea solution used in SCR systems can freeze at temperatures below -11°C, requiring heating mechanisms to prevent freezing [8]

Group 1 - Mercedes-Benz has reached a settlement agreement regarding a diesel vehicle emissions dispute, requiring the company to pay nearly $150 million to a coalition of attorneys general from nearly 50 U.S. states to address air pollution [1][3] - The settlement covers 48 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the federal territory of Puerto Rico, affecting 39,565 vehicles that have not been repaired or scrapped as of August 2023 [1][3] - Each affected vehicle owner will receive $2,000 for necessary repairs under the agreement [1] Group 2 - The lawsuit originated in 2020, initiated by multiple state attorneys general investigating diesel vehicle emissions, revealing that some Mercedes vehicles emitted pollutants at levels 30 to 40 times above legal limits [5] - Mercedes-Benz previously agreed to pay $2.2 billion to resolve the investigation and compensate 250,000 vehicle owners [5] - This incident is part of a broader trend in the automotive industry, following the 2015 emissions scandal involving Volkswagen, which admitted to installing defeat devices in nearly 11 million vehicles globally and ultimately paid over $20 billion in fines [5]

Group 1: Market Overview - The European new car market continues its recovery, with November sales increasing for the fifth consecutive month, up 2.4% year-on-year to 1.1 million units [1] - Electric vehicles (EVs) are the main growth driver, with pure electric vehicle (BEV) registrations reaching a market share of 21% in the EU and 26% in the UK, while Norway's share is as high as 98% [1] - Despite the positive momentum, overall sales remain significantly below pre-pandemic levels, indicating a slow recovery pace [9] Group 2: Electric Vehicle Performance - In November, BEV registrations surged by 44.1%, while hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) grew by 38.4%, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) increased by 4.2% [2] - The combined market share of three types of electrified vehicles reached 65.6%, a significant increase from 56% in August 2024, driven by strong performances in Germany, France, Spain, and Italy [3] Group 3: Company Performance - BYD and Tesla show contrasting trajectories in the European market, with BYD's registrations soaring by 221.8% in November, achieving a market share of 2%, while Tesla's registrations fell by 11.8%, resulting in a market share of 2.1% [6] - The performance comparison highlights the changing competitive landscape in the European EV market, with Chinese brands challenging traditional leaders through price advantages and product innovation [6] Group 4: Traditional Vehicle Decline - The market for traditional internal combustion engine vehicles continues to shrink, with gasoline vehicle registrations declining by 18.6% and market share dropping from 33.7% to 27% [8] - Diesel vehicles are performing even worse, with registrations down 24.4% and a market share of only 9%, indicating a significant shift towards electrified models [8] Group 5: Future Outlook - The European automotive industry faces multiple challenges, including competition from China, potential U.S. import tariffs, and difficulties in meeting EU electrification regulations while maintaining profitability [9] - Analysts believe that despite current challenges, the long-term direction of the automotive industry remains focused on electric vehicles, with ongoing growth trends suggesting a deepening transition towards electrification in Europe [9]

Group 1 - The European Commission has officially abandoned its previous commitment to a complete ban on internal combustion engines by 2035, now aiming for a 90% reduction in carbon emissions from new cars compared to 2021 levels [4][12] - The shift reflects the reality of economic pressures, as the automotive industry, a crucial pillar of the European economy, faces significant challenges, including over 50,000 job losses in Germany alone within a year [6][10] - The initial ambitious plan for a complete ban on gasoline and diesel vehicles faced strong opposition from major automotive nations like Germany and Italy, leading to a compromise that allowed for synthetic fuels [5][10] Group 2 - The transition to electric vehicles has revealed significant infrastructure and supply chain issues, with a severe shortage of public charging stations in Europe, where the ratio of charging stations to electric vehicles is 15:1 compared to 3:1 in China [8] - The European automotive industry is heavily reliant on imports for critical battery raw materials, with 87% of lithium sourced from Australia and 40% of natural graphite from China, complicating the transition to electric vehicles [8][10] - Political and social opposition to the internal combustion engine ban is growing, with key political figures and parties questioning the feasibility of such radical policies and their impact on the industrial base [10][12] Group 3 - The recent policy reversal illustrates the harsh reality that ambitious environmental goals must consider economic realities, industry foundations, and employment [12] - The European Union's decision to prioritize survival over radical environmental policies serves as a lesson on the dangers of detaching policy from practical considerations [12]