如果您希望可以时常见面，欢迎标星收藏哦~ 来源 ：内容 编译自 semiengineering 。 经过近三十年的发展，铜互连时代或许即将终结。某种程度上来说。在10纳米以下的互连关键尺 寸（CD）下，铜不再是最佳的金属化选择。然而，对于更大的特征尺寸，它仍然是无与伦比的。 铜持续微缩面临的最严峻挑战是，在低于其相对较大的平均自由程长度（40纳米）的尺寸下，金 属电阻率会急剧上升。三星材料科学家Jun Hwan Moon及其同事表示，当线宽小于10纳米时，电 子散射会导致线电阻相对于块体材料增加约10倍。 此外，由于铜需要扩散阻挡层，实际的铜线总是比光掩模上的图案要小。扩散阻挡层的厚度至少要 达到 3 到 4 纳米，否则不会有效，这意味着 10 纳米的铜线厚度只有 2 到 4 纳米。 阻挡层的需求也使极小特征的制造变得复杂。目前尚无可制造的铜蚀刻工艺。相反，即使是最窄的 线路，也是通过在电介质中蚀刻线路、沉积阻挡层和种子层，然后用铜填充来实现的。有效的阻挡 层沉积需要均匀的侧壁覆盖，并能够抑制通孔底部的沉积。有效的铜沉积需要调节电镀槽的化学性 质，以确保自下而上、无空洞的填充。 虽然选择性沉积是一个活跃的研究 ...

阻挡层的需求也使极小特征的制造变得复杂。目前尚无可制造的铜蚀刻工艺。相反，即使是最窄的线 路，也是通过在电介质中蚀刻线路、沉积阻挡层和种子层，然后用铜填充来实现的。有效的阻挡层沉 积需要均匀的侧壁覆盖，并能够抑制通孔底部的沉积。有效的铜沉积需要调节电镀槽的化学性质，以 确保自下而上、无空洞的填充。 公众号记得加星标⭐️，第一时间看推送不会错过。 来源 ：内容 编译自 semiengineering 。 经过近三十年的发展，铜互连时代或许即将终结。某种程度上来说。在10纳米以下的互连关键尺寸 （CD）下，铜不再是最佳的金属化选择。然而，对于更大的特征尺寸，它仍然是无与伦比的。 铜持续微缩面临的最严峻挑战是，在低于其相对较大的平均自由程长度（40纳米）的尺寸下，金属电 阻率会急剧上升。三星材料科学家Jun Hwan Moon及其同事表示，当线宽小于10纳米时，电子散射 会导致线电阻相对于块体材料增加约10倍。 此外，由于铜需要扩散阻挡层，实际的铜线总是比光掩模上的图案要小。扩散阻挡层的厚度至少要达 到 3 到 4 纳米，否则不会有效，这意味着 10 纳米的铜线厚度只有 2 到 4 纳米。 虽然选择性沉积是一个活跃 ...

贵金属里的"黑马"如何一夜翻红 如果说黄金是贵金属圈的明星，那么钌（Ruthenium）曾经只是"默默无闻的小配角"。然而在2025年的贵金属行情里，这匹"黑马"却突然加速，从一年前的 冷门金属摇身一变，价格翻了一倍，让不少投资者和工业用户措手不及。钌到底凭什么涨？我帮你拆开看。 一、先认识这位"低调王者" 钌属于铂族金属（PGMs），储量极少、开采难度大，常常作为铂或镍矿的副产品出现。它有几个硬核属性：耐腐蚀、硬度高、导电性能好——这些特性让 它在电子、电化学、催化等领域不可替代。 | 以联系电话 | の 联系地址 | 开盘 实时金价 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | 专注于金银把铂铭钵钉回收精炼! | | | | 商品 | 回收 | 销售 | 高/ | | | 2025-08-13 11:07 平泽回收行情 | | | | 黄金 | 771.94 | 773.78 | 772 | | | | | 769 | | 白银 | 8.64 | 8.80 | 8. | | | | | 8.! | | 铂舍 | 302.80 | 305.80 | 305 | | | | | 303 ...

Market Overview - Strong US retail sales data and a decrease in initial jobless claims led to a rise in the US dollar and stock markets, with the S&P 500 and Nasdaq closing at record highs [2] - TSMC reported better-than-expected earnings, with ADR rising 3.38% for three consecutive days at historical highs [2][14] - Netflix's stock fell 2% after its earnings report, despite a strong performance [2][14] - The 2-year US Treasury yield rose over 3 basis points, while the dollar gained 0.33% [2] - Gold prices fell over 1.1% before rebounding, closing down 0.28% [2] - Oil prices fluctuated, with WTI crude oil rising nearly 2% from its daily low [2] Key News - TSMC's Q2 net profit surged 61% year-on-year, exceeding expectations, with a projected sales growth of about 30% for the year [3][14] - Netflix's Q2 profit increased over 40%, leading to an upward revision of its annual guidance [3][14] - The US House of Representatives passed three cryptocurrency bills, with overwhelming support [3][11] - The EU is drafting a tariff list against US services, preparing for a potential trade war escalation [10] - Japan's exports to the US fell 11.4% in June, marking the largest decline since 2020, primarily due to automotive sector pressures [10] Company Insights - Morgan Stanley is optimistic about Pop Mart, raising its target price from 302 HKD to 365 HKD, citing strong sales and profit growth [17] - High demand for AI chips is driving TSMC's growth, with a significant contribution from 3nm process technology [14] - Anthropic's valuation has exceeded $100 billion, with a fourfold revenue increase and a gross margin over 60% [21] - Perplexity, an AI search startup, saw its valuation rise to $18 billion within two months [21] Industry Trends - The data center industry is experiencing significant growth due to the digitalization wave and AI development [24] - The disposable glove market is expected to see price increases due to tariff impacts and rising demand [24] - The short drama market is projected to grow explosively, with revenues expected to reach $1.5 billion in 2024 [24]

Core Viewpoint - Ruthenium, a rare precious metal, has seen a price increase of over 100% this year, surpassing platinum's impressive growth of over 40% [2][4]. Group 1: Price Trends - Ruthenium's price has reached approximately $800 per ounce, nearly matching its peak levels from 2021 and just shy of its historical high of $870 set 18 years ago [3]. - The global annual production of ruthenium was only 30 tons last year, indicating its scarcity [3]. Group 2: Demand Drivers - The surge in ruthenium prices is largely attributed to its unique applications in the current artificial intelligence revolution, particularly in hard disk production [4]. - Ruthenium enhances data density in hard drives and possesses excellent catalytic activity, conductivity, and resistance to high temperatures and corrosion [4][5]. - The increasing demand for cost-effective and efficient data storage solutions, driven by the rise of artificial intelligence, is expected to lead to a supply shortage in the ruthenium market next year [5]. Group 3: Market Growth - The development of cloud computing is projected to boost global hard disk sales by 16% this year, further driving the consumption of ruthenium [6].

Core Insights - Ruthenium, a rare metal, has become one of the best-performing commodities this year, with prices nearly doubling to $800 per ounce, matching 2021 peaks and nearing the historical high of $870 from 18 years ago [1][3] Group 1: Demand Drivers - The significant price increase of ruthenium is primarily driven by the AI revolution, particularly its application in hard disk drives [3] - Analysts predict that the growing demand for data storage due to AI proliferation will sustain the need for ruthenium, as it offers a cost-effective solution for high-density data storage [3][4] - The growth of cloud computing is expected to boost hard disk sales by 16% this year, further increasing ruthenium consumption [4] Group 2: Supply Constraints - Ruthenium supply is extremely limited, with only 30 tons produced last year, and it is not traded on any exchanges [4] - Traders are currently competing to acquire available ruthenium supplies, leading to procurement difficulties for major buyers [4] - Due to previous years of low prices resulting in insufficient investment, ruthenium production is expected to decline further this year, potentially leading to a supply deficit in the market next year [4]

Core Insights - Ruthenium has emerged as one of the best-performing commodities this year, largely driven by the growth of artificial intelligence [1] - The price of ruthenium has nearly doubled over the past year, reaching $800 per ounce, matching its peak in 2021 and nearing its historical high of $870 set 18 years ago [1] - The recent price surge is primarily attributed to increased demand in the data storage sector, particularly in hard drives, due to the proliferation of AI [1] Industry Analysis - Analysts indicate that the demand for ruthenium will continue to rise unless cheaper alternatives are found, as current technologies relying on other elements remain expensive [1] - The supply of ruthenium is extremely limited, with only 30 tons produced last year, as it is mainly extracted as a byproduct of platinum [1]

Group 1: Market Overview - The price of gold is projected to reach a historical high of $3,500 per ounce by April 2025, driven by geopolitical tensions and a dollar credit crisis, highlighting the renewed focus on precious metals [2] - Gold has seen a year-to-date increase of 28.51%, reinforcing its status as a safe-haven asset amid inflationary risks in the U.S. [2] - Central banks' ongoing purchases of gold emphasize its unique role as a sovereign credit hedge [2] Group 2: Silver and Platinum Group Metals - Silver is expected to surpass $43.50 per ounce in 2025, with its essential role in 5G electronics and new energy batteries due to its conductivity [3] - The market for platinum is facing challenges due to reduced demand from traditional fuel vehicles, but hydrogen fuel cell vehicles present new opportunities [3] - The usage of platinum in vehicles has decreased from 1.1g/kW in 2000 to 0.17g/kW, prompting accelerated research into low-platinum catalysts [3] Group 3: Palladium and Rhodium Dynamics - Palladium's demand in automotive emissions control is declining, with its market share dropping from 75% in 2020 to 60% in 2025, while new demands in electronics and hydrogen fuel cells are emerging [4] - Rhodium prices have surged from 1,200 yuan per gram in 2020 to over 3,000 yuan per gram in 2025, driven by demand from hydrogen vehicles and 5G glass [4] - The development of rhodium-free catalysts in Japan poses a potential risk to rhodium prices if mass production occurs [4] Group 4: Recycling and Geopolitical Risks - The precious metals recycling market in China is expected to expand, with new technologies increasing recovery rates to over 95% [4] - Geopolitical risks remain high, as 80% of rhodium and 40% of palladium supply relies on South Africa and Russia, making the supply chain vulnerable to disruptions [4] - The interplay between resource concentration and technological breakthroughs is creating uncertainties in the precious metals market [4] Group 5: Future Outlook - Each precious metal faces unique challenges and opportunities, with gold balancing monetary and medical applications, platinum undergoing energy transition pains, and palladium and rhodium navigating traditional and emerging demands [5] - The precious metals market in 2025 transcends simple safe-haven investments, serving as a lens to observe global industrial changes and geopolitical dynamics [5]

Core Insights - Precious metals have been a symbol of wealth and power throughout history, and they play a crucial role in various modern industries, including technology, healthcare, and electronics [1] Group 1: Characteristics of Precious Metals - Precious metals are defined as rare, high-density metals with significant economic value, including Ruthenium (Ru), Rhodium (Rh), Palladium (Pd), Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir), Platinum (Pt), Silver (Ag), and Gold (Au) [1] - The abundance of these metals in the Earth's crust is extremely low, with concentrations measured in grams per ton: Silver 0.1, Palladium 0.01, Gold and Platinum 0.005, and Rhodium, Iridium, Ruthenium, Osmium 0.001 [1] - Silver excels in electrical and thermal conductivity, while Gold ranks third, and Platinum group metals are known for their thermal stability in electronic applications [3] - Gold and Silver possess exceptional malleability, with 1 gram of Gold capable of being drawn into a wire measuring 3420 meters [3] Group 2: Applications of Precious Metals - Precious metals are ideal for jewelry due to their aesthetic qualities, with Silver reflecting white light most effectively and Gold reflecting infrared light strongly [4] - The ability of precious metals to absorb gases like oxygen and hydrogen makes them valuable in catalytic reactions and gas purification processes [6] - Precious metals exhibit high corrosion resistance, with Iridium being the most resistant, making them suitable for use in harsh chemical environments [7] - Palladium catalysts can enhance organic reaction rates by up to 1 million times, playing a vital role in automotive emissions control and petroleum refining [9] Group 3: Industry Impact - In the electronics industry, Gold, Silver, and Platinum are used for their excellent conductivity and stability, with Gold ensuring stable electronic signal transmission [13] - Platinum and Palladium are increasingly in demand for automotive catalytic converters due to stricter environmental regulations [14] - In aerospace, precious metals are used in high-temperature alloys for critical engine components, capable of withstanding extreme conditions [15] - Precious metals are essential in the chemical industry for processes like nitric acid production and petroleum reforming, improving reaction efficiency and reducing costs [18] Group 4: Financial and Economic Role - Historically, Gold and Silver served as currency and continue to influence monetary value, with central banks holding significant Gold reserves to enhance currency credibility [19] - The precious metals market is vast, with Gold being the largest segment, and prices are influenced by various factors, including economic uncertainty and geopolitical tensions [21] - Platinum and Palladium prices are closely tied to the automotive industry, with demand driven by vehicle sales and environmental regulations [21] Group 5: Future Outlook - Precious metals are positioned as key players in future technological advancements and sustainable development, serving as catalysts in energy and life sciences [22]

Core Insights - A study published on May 21 in "Nature" challenges traditional views of Earth's structure, suggesting that material from the dense metallic core is leaking outward and being pushed to the surface by hot magma plumes [1] - The research provides compelling evidence for rethinking the geochemical understanding of the mantle and Earth's history, according to geochemist Forrest Horton from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [1] Group 1: Research Findings - Analysis of rocks from the Hawaiian Islands indicates that helium-3 levels are significantly higher than typical helium-4 levels, suggesting a possible source from about 2900 kilometers below the surface, where the core and mantle meet [1] - The study focuses on ruthenium, a rare metal known to be concentrated in the core, to find more convincing evidence of material exchange between the core and mantle [2] - The isotopic characteristics of ruthenium in Hawaiian rock samples differ significantly from those observed in other crustal regions, aligning with expectations about Earth's geological history [2] Group 2: Methodology and Implications - The research team improved techniques for extracting trace amounts of ruthenium from rock samples and utilized mass spectrometry for analysis, capturing signals that previous methods could not detect [2] - The findings support the idea that magma plumes carrying material to the surface originate at the core-mantle boundary, although Horton cautions that it is premature to completely rule out other explanations [2]