铂钯期货白皮书： 铂、钯基础知识介绍 华泰期货研究院 有色&新能源研究 2025.08 陈思捷 F3080232 Z0016047 师 橙 F3046665 Z0014806 封 帆 F03036024 Z0014660 王育武 F03114162 Z0022466 — 铂、钯产业链简介— 第1章 铂族金属简介 ➢ 铂族金属（英语：Platinum-group metals，简称PGMs），又称铂系金属，包括钌（Ru）、铑（Rh）、钯（Pd）、锇（Os）、铱 （Ir）、铂（Pt）六种金属元素，在元素周期表中属第5、6周期。铂族金属是典型的贵金属，其化学稳定性特别高，具有很好的抗腐蚀 和抗氧化能力，且铂可单独或与其他铂族金属联合使用，因此能够用于许多应用领域。。 铂族金属 铂（PT） 钯（Pd） 钌（Ru） 铑（Rh） 锇（Os） 铱（Ir） 铂、钯简介 ➢ 铂（Pt）和钯（Pd）同属铂族金属，是具有重要工业价值的贵金属，二者在工业领域以及首饰装饰方面都有较为广泛的应用。 •基本属性：原子序数 78，密度约 21.45 g/cm³，熔点高达 1772℃， 具有优异的化学稳定性，常温下不易被空气、水及多数酸碱腐蚀 ...

【导读】恒生科技上涨2.71%，成份股华虹半导体领涨近18%，腾讯控股、中芯国际成交额超百亿港元 8月22日，港股三大指数集体收涨。 恒生科技指数上涨2.71%，为本周内最大单日涨幅，周线上涨1.89%。该指数成份股中，半导体芯片股今日放量大涨，大型科网股普遍上涨。 恒生指数上涨0.93%，报收于25339.14点；恒生国企指数上涨1.17%，报收于9079.93点。南向资金全日净流入约52亿港元。 盘面上，DeepSeek利好催化半导体芯片股，大型科网股普涨。其中，龙头股华虹半导体涨近18%，腾讯控股、中芯国际成交额超百亿港元。 个股方面，蔚来发布新车，今日上涨超10%；名创优品业绩超预期，今日涨超20%。 半导体芯片概念股放量大涨 8月22日，华虹半导体涨17.85%，成交额超70亿港元。中芯国际、明发集团和上海复旦等分别上涨9.57%、6.67%、5.96%，中芯国际成交额达162.22亿港 元。 | 名称 | 现价 | 涨跌 | 涨跌幅 ▼ | 成交额 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 华虹米导体 | 56.000 | 8.480 | 17.85% | 70.57 ...

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Comstock reported a gross proceed of $30 million from a recent offering, with net proceeds of $27.6 million, increasing cash position to over $45 million [8][9][12] - The company eliminated approximately $8.4 million in promissory notes and $2.2 million in convertible notes, enhancing its financial stability [9][10][11] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The metal recycling business is experiencing rapid growth, with a focus on solar panel recycling, which is projected to scale significantly [7][16] - The company has developed a unique technology for recycling solar panels, achieving a zero landfill solution and high recovery rates of valuable metals [24][26][32] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The market for end-of-life solar panels is expected to grow exponentially, with projections of 33 million panels reaching the end of their life in four and a half years [42][43] - The demand for silver is at an all-time high, driven by industrial applications, particularly in electronics and solar panels, with prices rising significantly [37][38] Company Strategy and Development Direction - Comstock aims to establish itself as a leader in the solar panel recycling market, with plans to expand its facilities and increase production capacity [56][58] - The company is also focused on monetizing its mining assets and exploring opportunities in the oil and gas sector following the separation of Biolium [61][67] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to scale operations and meet growing market demand, emphasizing the importance of securing permits and equipment [56][89] - The company is optimistic about its competitive advantages, including a zero landfill solution and the capacity to handle large volumes of solar panels [95][96] Other Important Information - Comstock has secured land for additional storage capacity to accommodate the anticipated influx of solar panels [40] - The company is preparing to deconsolidate Biolium from its financials, which will provide clearer visibility into its metals and fuels businesses [72] Q&A Session Summary Question: Has the equipment for solar recycling been ordered? - Yes, the company has finalized the design and is ready to purchase the equipment, with deposits being made to ensure timely delivery [79] Question: What are the lead times for the equipment? - Lead times are estimated at four to six months, with all equipment being manufactured domestically to avoid tariffs [80][81] Question: Can the capital for a facility be phased in? - The company plans to deploy the entire system at once rather than phasing it in, as it makes more sense for operational efficiency [82] Question: Can facilities be permitted and built in parallel? - The company is exploring the possibility of permitting multiple sites simultaneously to expedite the process [88] Question: What is the potential market for solar panels? - The market is projected to grow significantly, with millions of panels reaching the end of their life in the coming years, translating to hundreds of thousands of tons of material [92] Question: Will long-term contracts be established for metal recycling? - The company believes that as its capabilities become clearer, longer-term contracts will be negotiated with customers [94][102] Question: Why are asset sales taking so long? - Delays in asset sales are attributed to power grid bottlenecks caused by increased demand from data centers and industrial developments [104][106]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided Group 2: Report's Core View - The global platinum supply is highly concentrated with low elasticity, and there is a supply - demand imbalance in the market [1][4][11] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs 1. Global Platinum Supply Pattern 1.1 Global Platinum Supply Concentration and Elasticity - South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Russia are the main suppliers of global platinum. In 2024, South Africa's platinum output decreased by 4% year - on - year to 120 tons, accounting for 71% of the global total. Zimbabwe and Russia each accounted for 11%, and other countries' total output accounted for only 8% [1] - Long - term trends, under - performance of new projects, mine depletion, and shutdowns have continuously restricted supply, resulting in insufficient output elasticity of major global platinum - producing countries. In 2024, factors such as power outages and production restructuring led to a decline in global platinum output [1] - In 2024, global platinum production was 195.9 tons. Global mined platinum output decreased by 567 kg to 155.9 tons, and the proportion of recycled platinum was 20.4%. The global platinum recycling volume increased by 3% year - on - year to 39.97 tons. It is expected that in 2025, global mined platinum output will decrease by 4% year - on - year to 150.1 tons [4] 1.2 Platinum Global Balance - The main consumers of global platinum are China, Europe, North America, and Japan. China's demand accounts for 26% of the global total, with industrial demand being the largest. Western Europe and North America account for 20% and 18% respectively, with automotive catalyst demand being the largest. Japan accounts for 9%, mainly in automotive catalysts and jewelry. India's industrial demand is small, but its automotive catalyst and jewelry demand are increasing, and its future demand is expected to exceed Japan's [6] - In 2024, global platinum group metal demand decreased by 1.6% year - on - year to 198 tons, with a global platinum supply shortage of 1.98 tons. Automotive industry platinum demand decreased by 3% to 63.4 tons, jewelry demand decreased slightly by 0.3 tons to 38.3 tons, industrial demand remained flat at 63.4 tons, and hydrogen energy demand increased slightly by 0.3 tons to 2 tons [11] - The global platinum balance sheet shows trends in mine production, recycling, total demand, and supply - demand differences from 2017 to 2025f [13]

Market Overview - The current market is characterized by volatility, with the Nasdaq reaching a historical high primarily driven by Nvidia, while other sectors remain lackluster, indicating a sentiment-driven market rather than a solid fundamental basis [1] - The Hong Kong stock market experienced a slight decline of 0.29% today, reflecting the overall cooling of market conditions [1] Trade and Tariff Developments - President Trump announced upcoming tariffs on smaller countries, expected to be "slightly above 10%" [1] - NATO Secretary General warned that Brazil, China, and India could face secondary sanctions from the U.S. if Russia does not reach a peace agreement with Ukraine [1] - The Chinese Foreign Ministry stated that there are no winners in a trade war, emphasizing that coercion will not resolve issues [1] Semiconductor and AI Developments - Nvidia's CEO Huang Renxun highlighted the demand for H20 orders, noting its superior ecosystem efficiency compared to domestic alternatives [2] - InnoScience, a leader in GaN power devices, plans to increase its monthly production capacity from 13,000 to 20,000 wafers by the end of 2025, with a long-term goal of 70,000 wafers [2] - Huang acknowledged China's AI models as "world-class," suggesting that U.S. restrictions on high-end chips could accelerate China's AI development [2] Pharmaceutical Sector Insights - The pharmaceutical market is currently benefiting from innovative drugs that are not subject to centralized procurement, thus protecting profit margins [3] - Lijun Pharmaceutical's innovative drug H001 has completed its Phase II clinical trials, showing promise in preventing venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgeries [3] - The latest centralized procurement list includes several Hong Kong-listed pharmaceutical companies, indicating potential market share growth for those that secure bids [4] Entertainment and Media Sector - The summer box office has reached 3.3 billion yuan, with notable films leading the ticket sales [5] - Companies like Huayi Brothers and Maoyan Entertainment are positioned to benefit from the summer film season, with significant contributions expected to their revenues [5] - The short video industry is experiencing explosive growth, with global in-app purchases nearing $700 million in Q1 2025, a nearly fourfold increase year-on-year [6] Precious Metals Investment - Major financial institutions are advising investors to seek refuge in precious metals due to potential tariffs, with gold, silver, and copper identified as favorable investments [7] - Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs have raised their gold price targets, predicting prices could reach $3,800 and $3,700 per ounce, respectively, by year-end [7] Travel and Tourism Sector - Tongcheng Travel reported a 13.2% year-on-year revenue growth in Q1 2025, driven by a strong performance in its core OTA business [8] - The company is expanding its international business, with significant growth in international ticket sales and hotel bookings [9] - Tongcheng's acquisition of Wanda Hotels is expected to enhance its high-end hotel management capabilities, contributing to future revenue growth [9]

Core Insights - The surge in precious metal prices is aiding the rebound of several African currencies from earlier weaknesses [1] - The Zambian kwacha has appreciated approximately 8% in June, making it the best-performing currency globally [1] - Other currencies such as the Tanzanian shilling and Nigerian naira have also seen increases of 4% and 3.1% respectively [1] Currency Performance - The significant rise in prices of metals including platinum, palladium, gold, silver, and copper has preceded the appreciation of these currencies [1] - Ghana's currency, the cedi, has shown remarkable performance this year, appreciating over 43% against the US dollar, following a debt default at the end of 2022 [1] - In contrast, many African currencies experienced substantial depreciation last year, exacerbating inflation and leading to a cost-of-living crisis in countries like Nigeria, Ghana, Egypt, and Ethiopia [1] Historical Context - The depreciation of currencies in 2022 varied significantly, with Ghana's currency depreciating by 19% and Ethiopia's by 56% [1]

Market Overview - A-shares opened positively in the first trading week of June, with the Shanghai Composite Index approaching 3400 points and the Shenzhen Component Index showing support near 10,000 points [1] - The ChiNext Index stabilized above the 2000-point mark [1] - Margin trading saw a net purchase of over 10.2 billion yuan, with a total margin balance of 1.8 trillion yuan, marking a new high in nearly two weeks [1] Sector Performance - The pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector received over 2.4 billion yuan in net purchases, while the computer, automotive, and machinery equipment sectors each saw net purchases exceeding 1 billion yuan [1] - Non-bank financials experienced a net sell-off of over 1.1 billion yuan, with slight net selling in electronics, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and communications sectors [1] - Major funds saw a net inflow of over 10 billion yuan in sectors like pharmaceuticals, computers, basic chemicals, and non-ferrous metals, while the automotive sector faced a net outflow exceeding 2.9 billion yuan [1] Precious Metals Market - International silver prices surged recently, reaching a 13-year high, with domestic silver futures also breaking multiple key levels, closing at 8855 yuan per kilogram [2] - The gold-silver ratio has risen to approximately 1:100, significantly above the historical average, indicating a high probability of silver price increases when the ratio exceeds 1:80 [2] - The photovoltaic industry has become a key driver of silver demand, with industrial silver usage exceeding 40%, and the transition to N-type batteries increasing silver consumption by 40%-100% per unit [2] Supply and Demand Dynamics - Global silver supply is expected to maintain a long-term shortage due to stagnant primary mineral growth and the accelerated penetration of N-type batteries [3] - The total global silver supply is projected to reach 31,700 tons in 2024, with a demand of 36,700 tons, resulting in a supply-demand gap of approximately 5,000 tons [2]

Market Overview - The market experienced fluctuations in the early session, with the three major indices slightly declining. As of the midday close, the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 0.06%, the Shenzhen Component Index decreased by 0.18%, and the ChiNext Index dropped by 0.48%. The total trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets reached 746.7 billion, an increase of 32.4 billion compared to the previous trading day [1]. Sector Performance - In terms of sector performance, silver, military industry, and agricultural chemical products saw significant gains, while sectors such as football concepts, beauty care, IP economy, and pet economy experienced notable declines [2]. Tesla Stock Impact - The public feud between Elon Musk and Donald Trump led to a significant drop in Tesla's stock price, which fell by 14.26%, resulting in a market value loss of over 150 billion [3][8]. Silver Market Surge - The precious metals sector saw a rise, with silver leading the gains. Notable stocks such as Hunan Silver and Silver Nonferrous reached their daily limit, while others like Xingye Silver and Shengda Resources increased by over 5%. On June 5, spot silver surged by 4.5%, reaching above $36 per ounce, the highest level since February 2012. Analysts suggest that silver's industrial demand and potential trade protection measures from the U.S. government could drive further price increases [13][17]. Military Industry Activity - Military stocks experienced a notable rally, with companies like Qifeng Precision and Huawu Co. rising over 10%. The Indonesian government's evaluation of purchasing Chinese-made J-10 fighter jets could have broader implications for regional military trade dynamics, potentially influencing countries like Thailand and Malaysia to consider similar acquisitions. Analysts believe that China's military trade capabilities and potential will elevate the defense industry's prospects [18][20].

Market Overview - On May 15, the market experienced fluctuations with the ChiNext Index leading the decline. The Shanghai Composite Index fell by 0.68%, the Shenzhen Component Index dropped by 1.62%, and the ChiNext Index decreased by 1.91% [1] - The overall market saw 1,417 stocks rise, with 76 hitting the daily limit, while 3,916 stocks fell, with 13 hitting the lower limit. The total trading volume in A-shares was 1.19 trillion yuan, a decrease of 159.47 billion yuan from the previous trading day [1] Sector Performance - The synthetic biology sector saw significant gains, with stocks like Jindawei hitting the daily limit. Consumer stocks, including Xiwang Food, also rebounded, while the ST sector strengthened with over 20 stocks hitting the daily limit [1] - The beauty care, NMN concept, synthetic biology, pet economy, China-South Korea Free Trade Zone, dairy, planting and forestry, vitamins, and beverage manufacturing sectors had notable increases, with beauty care rising by 6.46% and NMN concept by 2.07% [4] - Conversely, sectors such as Huawei Pangu, DRG/DIP, Huawei Ascend, and digital currency saw declines, with Huawei Pangu down by 3.76% [5] Notable Stocks - New hotspots emerged in the A-share market, particularly in the ergotamine concept, with stocks like Chuaning Biological and Ruoyuchen hitting the daily limit. Chuaning Biological saw a rise of 20.03% [6] - The precious metals sector faced a downturn, with gold prices dropping from nearly $3,200 per ounce to $3,120 per ounce, marking a decline of 1.38% [9][11] - The precious metals index fell by 1.64%, with companies like Shengda Resources and Hunan Silver experiencing declines of over 2% [11] Rare Earth Sector - The rare earth sector showed strength, with companies like Jingyuntong and Jiuling Technology hitting the daily limit and others like Shenghe Resources rising over 6% [14] - Shenghe Resources announced plans to acquire Peak Rare Earths Limited for 158 million Australian dollars to enhance its resource base [14] - China Rare Earths is actively working with the China Rare Earth Group to address industry competition and is considering mergers and acquisitions [15]