Core Insights - The fourth China International Energy Storage Exhibition (EESA) showcased the rapid evolution of China's energy storage industry, highlighting a shift from single-function systems to intelligent, multi-functional solutions [1] - The new energy storage capacity in China is projected to reach 73.76 million kilowatts (168 million kilowatt-hours) by the end of 2024, marking a 130% increase from the end of 2023 and approximately 20 times the capacity at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [2] - The exhibition featured innovative products from leading companies, including the EN 8 Pro system from Envision Group, which integrates AI for efficient interaction with power markets and systems [2] - Trina Solar is focusing on energy storage solutions, with its Elementa series battery storage system capable of storing up to 5,015 kilowatt-hours, aimed at stabilizing power grids [3] - Lithium-ion batteries dominate the new energy storage technology landscape, accounting for 96.4% of installed capacity, while other technologies like compressed air and flow batteries are emerging [4] - The rise of long-duration energy storage technologies, such as all-vanadium flow batteries, is expected to reshape the industry's technology roadmap [5] - Companies are increasingly adopting innovative cooling technologies to enhance the safety and lifespan of energy storage systems, as demonstrated by Tianqi Hongyuan's immersion cooling technology [6][7] - The new energy storage market is entering a phase of rapid expansion, with a 27.5% year-on-year increase in new installations in the first half of 2023 [8] - The integration of hydrogen energy systems with storage solutions is gaining traction, exemplified by Zhongtian Technology's hydrogen production system [8] - The V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) interactive solution from Shenzhen Yingfeiyuan Technology allows electric vehicles to supply power back to the grid, promoting energy balance and providing financial benefits to vehicle owners [9] Industry Trends - The energy storage industry is transitioning towards intelligent and collaborative systems, driven by the dual goals of carbon neutrality and technological innovation [2][4] - The focus is shifting from manufacturing to comprehensive solutions in the photovoltaic sector, with companies like Trina Solar leading the charge [3] - The diversification of energy storage technologies is evident, with various innovative solutions being showcased at the exhibition [4] - The collaboration between energy storage and hydrogen production is seen as a revolutionary step towards improving energy efficiency and application scenarios [8] - The advancements in energy storage technologies are positioning China as a leader in the global energy storage market, with significant growth opportunities for domestic companies [9]

Core Insights - An international photovoltaic research team has made significant progress in the industrialization of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 33.1% [1][2] - The advancement is crucial as silicon solar cells approach their theoretical efficiency limit of 29.4%, positioning perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells as the next important technology in the photovoltaic sector [1] Group 1 - The research team, consisting of institutions like King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Freiburg University, and Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, successfully achieved high-quality passivation on textured silicon bottom cells [1] - The passivation process involved depositing 1,3-diaminopropane dihydroiodide on the uneven perovskite surface, leading to improved performance metrics [1] - The treated tandem cells exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 2.01 volts, indicating enhanced electrical performance [1] Group 2 - The study revealed that passivation not only improves the surface of the top cell but also affects the entire perovskite layer, enhancing conductivity and fill factor due to the deep-level effects of passivation [2] - This understanding of the internal mechanisms of power conversion in tandem cells allows for further development of more efficient solar cells [2] - The breakthrough in surface passivation is significant for the photovoltaic industry, potentially accelerating the commercialization of the next generation of high-efficiency solar cells [2]

最新发表于《高能物理学杂志》的一项研究中，包括美国麻省理工学院在内的国际团队报告称，新一代 探测器sPHENIX通过了物理学中的"标准烛光"测试，这标志着科学家向揭开早期宇宙奥秘迈出重要一 步。 （文章来源：科技日报） sPHENIX探测器是美国布鲁克海文国家实验室相对论重离子对撞机的最新设备。它的任务是通过精确 测量高速粒子碰撞后的产物，重建大爆炸初期出现的夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）的特性。科学家认 为，QGP在宇宙诞生后仅几微秒内存在，随后迅速消失，冷却并结合成如今构成普通物质的质子和中 子。 sPHENIX体型相当于两层楼高，重量约1000吨，能以每秒1.5万次的速度记录碰撞事件。其核心部件包 括微顶点探测器，可追踪单个粒子的轨迹和能量，实现高精度跟踪。当这些部件协同工作时， sPHENIX宛如一台巨型三维相机，可以在一次碰撞中同时记录成千上万颗粒子的数量、能量和运动轨 迹。 QGP在实验室中存在时间极短，仅10-22秒，温度可达数万亿摄氏度，并表现为整体流动的"完美流 体"。人们无法直接看到QGP，只能通过衰变后喷射出的粒子推断其性质。而设计sPHENIX的初衷正是 为了捕捉这些"痕迹"，从而揭示早 ...

英国剑桥大学研究团队发现，"冻结"大脑中的关键分子——透明质酸，可有效阻止脑癌细胞扩散。这一 成果有望为脑癌治疗提供新方向，相关研究论文发表于最新一期《皇家学会开放科学》杂志。 透明质酸是一种糖状聚合物，构成了大脑中大部分支持结构。团队发现，癌细胞正是借助这种分子的柔 韧性，才能附着于其他癌细胞表面的受体，进而触发扩散机制。若将透明质酸"冻结"在原位、限制其灵 活性，便可使癌细胞停止移动、无法侵入周围组织，实现"重新编程"。 脑癌治疗一直面临严峻挑战，即便手术切除肿瘤，残留的癌细胞仍可能在数月内再生。现有药物难以穿 透血脑屏障，放疗也只能延缓而不能阻止复发。最新研究的创新之处在于，不直接攻击肿瘤细胞，而是 改变其周围的细胞外基质，从环境上遏制癌细胞扩散。 借助核磁共振光谱技术，团队观察到透明质酸分子会扭曲成特定形态，与癌细胞表面的CD44受体紧密 结合，从而驱动扩散。一旦让透明质酸分子交联并"冻结"，扩散信号即被关闭。即使透明质酸浓度较 低，该机制依然有效，这说明癌细胞并非被物理禁锢，而是被诱导进入休眠状态。 这一发现也解释了为何胶质母细胞瘤常在手术部位复发，因为术后水肿可稀释透明质酸，增强其柔韧 性，反而促 ...

Core Insights - The demand for computing power is increasing across various industries due to the expansion of complex tasks like AI training, while traditional electronic computing architectures face limitations such as the "von Neumann bottleneck" [1] - Optical computing technology, which processes data using light instead of electricity, is emerging as a promising solution, showing rapid development and potential for industrial applications in fields like intelligent computing centers and new material research [1] Advantages of Optical Computing - Light is a fast, low-energy medium with rich information dimensions, making optical computing advantageous over traditional electronic computing [2] - Optical computing supports parallel processing due to multiple physical dimensions of light, making it suitable for high-density tasks like scientific computing and machine learning [2] - Photonic devices generate minimal heat, offering significant energy efficiency [2] - Optical devices have a wider bandwidth and superior performance in processing broadband analog signals compared to electronic devices [2] - The speed of optical devices is exceptional, with nearly no latency, enhancing computational efficiency [2] Different Architectures - Free Space Optics (FSO) is the earliest form of optical computing, utilizing lenses and spatial light modulators to manipulate light in air or vacuum, but faces challenges in durability and reliability [3] - Photonic chips integrate miniature optical components and can be easily incorporated into existing electronic architectures, though scalability for complex tasks remains a challenge [3] - Optical interconnect devices are being developed to enable high-speed data transmission between electronic components, relying on innovations in new materials to reduce signal loss [3] - Fiber optic systems leverage existing fiber communication infrastructure for complex calculations, particularly in optimization problems and AI, but still depend on electronic devices for key functions [4] Technical Bottlenecks - The development of optical computing is at a critical juncture, with a pressing global need for faster, more environmentally friendly computing solutions [5] - Short-term prospects favor all-optical free space systems and hybrid systems that combine light and electricity, with potential in memory-computing architectures [5] - Mid-term innovations may involve new processing architectures that combine spatial and temporal dimensions for enhanced performance and efficiency [6] - Key challenges include precision and stability issues, with ongoing research focused on improving interference resistance through feedback systems and real-time calibration [8] - Optical data storage remains a significant challenge, with potential solutions involving optical cavity-based systems to minimize data loss during processing [8] - Integration and packaging challenges exist, but advancements in 3D packaging technology and new materials may enhance scalability and reduce costs [8]

Core Insights - Nanotechnology is a core force driving breakthroughs in strategic fields such as green energy, biomedicine, and information technology, significantly enhancing new productive forces [1] - China has become a major contributor and leading industrial nation in global nanotechnology, with the rise of artificial intelligence bringing revolutionary opportunities to the field [1] - The "China Nanotechnology Industry White Paper (2025)" indicates that from 2000 to 2025, the total number of authorized nanotechnology patents globally will exceed 1.078 million, with China holding 464,000 patents, accounting for 43% of the total, maintaining its position as the world leader [1] Industry Developments - Research on new nanoporosity materials and biomimetic open frameworks is being conducted for applications in biomedicine and energy [2] - A breakthrough in oxygen exchange efficiency has been achieved with new materials, allowing approximately 3 liters of oxygen exchange per square meter of membrane per minute, enhancing performance by about 10 times compared to similar international products [2] - This advancement in artificial lung technology is expected to reduce size, lower costs, and significantly decrease the risk of complications, with clinical trials underway and market entry anticipated within two years [2] Market Outlook - The global nanotechnology market is projected to reach $1.5 trillion by the end of 2025, with an increasing number of nanotechnologies transitioning from laboratory research to industrial applications [2] - Nanotechnology is expected to continue making significant impacts across various sectors, including healthcare, clean energy, environmental protection, and electronic information, transforming previously deemed "impossible" innovations into practical solutions for improving people's lives [2]

这种共享操控模式，或使脑机接口在日常使用中更实用、更高效，随着AI系统的升级，它们或能帮助 用户更轻松地完成更多复杂任务。 研究团队表示，虽然结果令人鼓舞，但仍需开展更多工作让该系统适应不同的用户和环境。 （文章来源：科技日报） 最新一期《自然·机器智能》发表的一项神经科学研究称，一个由人工智能（AI）担任"副驾"来共享操 控的脑机接口系统，能以解读意图和辅助行动的方式，让瘫痪人士更好地完成任务。测试中，在移动计 算机光标或操作机械臂这类任务中，受试者的操控力得到大幅提升。 脑机接口技术能让用户利用脑信号操控装置，但目前该技术时常会出现不准确也不可靠的情况。美国加 州大学洛杉矶分校研究团队此次研发了一个非侵入性脑机接口系统。该系统能通过电极读取脑活动并利 用机器学习优化行动操控力。该脑机接口有两个"AI副驾"：一个能帮助引导计算机光标，另一个能利用 虚拟输入辅助机械臂任务。 在测试这个有"AI副驾"的脑机接口系统时，一位因脊髓损伤而腿部瘫痪的受试者在控制计算机光标的任 务中，其操控力比没有"AI副驾"辅助时提升了3.9倍。健康受试者在"AI副驾"辅助后的操控力是平时的 2.1倍。不仅如此，瘫痪受试者还能操控机 ...

记者近日从中山大学获悉，由中国科学院院士、中山大学柔性电子学院首席科学家黄维和柔性电子学院 讲座教授秦天石领衔的科研团队，在钙钛矿太阳能电池领域取得关键性进展。团队不仅深度剖析了该电 池在真实昼夜循环运行时的失效核心原因，还创新性地开发出无锂掺杂新技术，为钙钛矿电池的产业化 进程注入强大动力。相关成果近日发表在国际期刊《自然·能源》上。 团队提供了一种经过验证的、简单有效的替代方案，为设计下一代兼具高效率和高运行稳定性的钙钛矿 太阳能电池指明了清晰的材料设计方向。 该项成果由南京工业大学和中山大学科研团队共同完成。目前，该研究已获得专利保护。下一步，团队 将继续推进相关技术的转化应用。 （文章来源：科技日报） 近年来，钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能取得了显著突破，其能量转换效率已突破26%。不过，在长期稳定性 尤其是在真实户外环境下耐久性的短板，成为其走向商业化并满足实际使用需求的一大障碍。尽管世界 纪录级别的钙钛矿太阳能电池已通过各种稳定性测试，但这些测试多为持续光照或恒暗条件，难以在日 夜更替的实际情况下投入使用。 "这对电池的实际应用和商业化构成了重大挑战。"秦天石介绍，研究团队通过实验发现，在明暗交替循 环这 ...

Group 1: Urban Development Goals - The central urban work conference proposed the goal of building an innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and smart modern city [1] - The "Opinions" document outlines specific requirements for optimizing urban systems, fostering development momentum, enhancing safety resilience, promoting cultural prosperity, and improving governance capabilities [1][4] Group 2: Regional Collaboration - The integration of regional resources is exemplified by Anhui Yunxi Quantum Technology Co., which collaborates with various enterprises and research institutes across different provinces [2][3] - The "One Network for All" platform in the Yangtze River Delta has launched over 200 government services, enhancing convenience for residents and businesses [4] Group 3: Innovation and Economic Growth - The drone delivery service in Anyang represents the latest application of low-altitude economy, with the drone industry projected to reach a value of 1.65 billion yuan in 2024, a 30% increase year-on-year [5] - The focus on cultivating an innovative ecosystem is emphasized, with Shenzhen aiming to support high-growth innovative enterprises and create a robust innovation landscape [6] Group 4: Cultural Heritage and Urban Identity - The integration of modern technology in cultural heritage preservation is highlighted, with examples from Pingyao and Wuxi demonstrating how data and AI can enhance historical and cultural identity [8][10] - The need for a systematic approach to protect and revitalize cultural heritage while promoting urban development is stressed [9][10] Group 5: Resilient and Smart Cities - The construction of resilient cities is a priority, with emphasis on using technology to create a comprehensive flood management system [11] - Smart city initiatives in Chongqing are being developed to enhance urban governance through real-time data monitoring and AI integration [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The National Energy Administration has launched a pilot program for green liquid fuel technology, aiming to promote the development of new technologies, models, and industries in the green liquid fuel sector, thereby enhancing new productive forces in the energy field [1][2]. Group 1: Pilot Projects - The first batch of pilot projects includes nine initiatives, such as a 30,000 tons/year cellulose fuel ethanol project by Guotou Bio, a 500,000 tons/year green methanol project by Goldwind Technology (Phase 1: 250,000 tons/year), and a 450,000 kW wind power hydrogen coupling green methanol project by Liaoning Huadian [1][2]. - Other notable projects include the Tianying integrated wind-solar-storage hydrogen ammonia project in Andash City and a 1.52 million tons/year zero-carbon hydrogen ammonia project by Envision Zero Carbon Technology (Phase 1: 300,000 tons/year synthetic ammonia) [1]. Group 2: Implementation and Support - Relevant provincial energy authorities and state-owned energy enterprises are required to prioritize the organization, guidance, and support of the pilot projects, addressing any issues encountered during construction and operation [2]. - Projects are expected to be completed and put into production by the end of December 2026, with stable high-load production achieved by the end of June 2027 [2]. Group 3: Innovation and Policy Environment - The pilot program emphasizes innovation as the primary driving force, aiming to overcome technical bottlenecks, enhance equipment levels, and reduce production costs to ensure effective outcomes [2]. - The program seeks to identify policy bottlenecks and shortcomings through pilot projects, promoting a favorable policy environment for green liquid fuels [2].