Core Insights - The research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a new technology framework that integrates machine learning and interpolation methods to address the common issue of large-scale data gaps in global satellite soil moisture products, significantly enhancing data completeness and usability [1][2] Group 1: Technology Development - The new technology combines traditional interpolation methods, which are effective for small data gaps, with machine learning techniques that analyze global data to predict soil moisture based on relationships with rainfall and vegetation [1][2] - The innovative approach utilizes "stacked" heterogeneous ensemble techniques to generate initial fill results from both methods, followed by optimization through intelligent algorithms, ensuring both overall accuracy and local detail in the final data [2] Group 2: Application and Impact - This technology demonstrates strong versatility and can be extended to repair various remote sensing data products, including surface temperature, vegetation parameters, and atmospheric components, providing higher quality data support for agriculture management, ecological protection, disaster monitoring, and climate change research [2]

Core Insights - Recent advancements in solar energy technology have been made by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, focusing on the efficient decomposition of water to produce hydrogen using a polymer semiconductor material known as Polytriazine Imide (PTI) [3][4] - The study highlights a novel approach called "lattice engineering," which optimizes the growth process of PTI by introducing calcium, significantly enhancing its efficiency in hydrogen production [4] Group 1: Research Findings - The introduction of calcium into PTI's structure has led to a substantial reduction in the binding energy between electrons and holes, decreasing from 48.2 meV to 15.4 meV, allowing for the automatic dissociation of excitons [4] - The new calcium-doped PTI material exhibits an initial activity in photolytic water splitting that is 3.4 times higher than the original material [4] Group 2: Material Characteristics - PTI is characterized by its low cost, environmental friendliness, and suitability for photocatalysis, making it a promising candidate for large-scale solar hydrogen production [3] - The structural modifications made through lattice engineering enable the separation of hydrogen and oxygen production processes, minimizing interference and side reactions [4]

基于高精度数据，该研究选取绿洲所在的大洲、国家、河流和面积这四个最能体现绿洲特征的属 性，对全球绿洲进行编码，使得每个面积大于1平方千米的绿洲都能被赋予唯一的ID，让所有绿洲都有 了明确的"身份"。 桂东伟表示，未来通过定期更新绿洲编目信息，可以精准捕捉绿洲的扩张、萎缩等动态过程，为科 学评估生态系统健康状态和演变趋势提供量化依据。 绿洲是干旱区荒漠基质上因稳定水源驱动形成的非地带性地理单元，是干旱区生物的重要栖息地， 也是人类生产生活的基地和人类文明的重要载体。长期以来，全球绿洲分布数字化的基础性研究存在缺 失，严重制约了绿洲科学的定量研究与系统性发展。 针对这一问题，在中国科学院人与生物圈计划、全球变化科学研究数据出版系统世界数据中心等项 目支持下，依托中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所的人力资源，桂东伟带领30余人的科研团队，以2020 年为基准年，以高精度遥感影像为主要数据来源，通过目视解释方法提取绿洲边界，历时五年成功构建 了世界绿洲高精度数据集，并开展了世界绿洲的编目工作。近期，该系统性研究成果以《世界绿洲分布 与编目研究》为题，在学术期刊《全球变化数据学报》上正式发表。 桂东伟介绍，《世界绿洲分布数 ...

环向场线圈盒的成功交付，是聚变能源商业化迈出的重要一步。相关技术还可应用于航空航天、能 源装备、船舶海工等领域。 记者10日从中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所获悉，聚变堆主机关键系统综合研 究设施（CRAFT）项目日前取得重要进展——环向场磁体线圈盒研制成功并在安徽省合肥市交付。 环向场磁体线圈盒。（中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所供图） 从研发到完成制造，项目团队历时5年多时间，攻克了多项关键技术难题。在原材料研制方面，完 成了低温不锈钢316LMn（ITER级JJ1）材料的国产化、完成了百吨级316LN超大锻件和128毫米316LN 超厚钢板的研制。在制造技术方面，面对最大厚度达360毫米的焊接挑战，研发了大厚度激光焊接和超 深窄焊接的组合焊接技术、相控阵无损检测技术，实现了线圈盒焊接的控形控性；开发了30米长空间弯 管的精密成形、低温树脂与钎焊的冷却管固定技术，实现了冷却管的高精密安装。 环向场线圈盒是环向场磁体的主体承力结构部件，是磁体系统的重要组成部分，主要用于保护环向 场线圈绕组并支撑与固定着极向场磁体等其他超导磁体。环向场线圈盒由超低温奥氏体不锈钢316LN和 316 ...

此次参评的科研仪器年平均有效工作机时为1599小时，纳入国家网络管理平台统一管理的仪器入网比例 为100%，年平均对外服务机时273小时。参评的71个重大科研基础设施运行和开放共享情况较好，在支 撑国家重大科研任务、推动产业技术创新、服务国家重大战略需求和国民经济持续发展等方面取得了显 著成效。 据悉，依据《国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器开放共享评价考核实施细则》有关规定，对考核结 果优秀和良好的单位予以表扬，并给予后补助经费奖励；对考核结果较差的单位进行通报批评，要求限 期一年整改，一年后整改不到位的，将核减相应仪器设备购置经费。 这份由科技部办公厅、财政部办公厅联合发布的《通知》显示，共有26个部门344家单位参加评价考 核，涉及原值50万元以上科研仪器共计5.3万台（套），重大科研基础设施71个。 科技日报北京10月10日电 （记者刘垠）10日，科技部官网发布《2025年中央级高校和科研院所等单位 重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器开放共享评价考核结果的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。考核结果显 示，与2024年相比，参评单位对开放共享更加重视，管理和共享应用水平进一步提升。 《通知》提到，中国科学院生物物 ...

科技日报讯 （记者张梦然）考古学家在沙特阿拉伯发现了罕见的可追溯至1.28万至1.14万年前岩 画，内容描绘出了人类如何适应当时当地干旱的环境，并在其中生活。这项研究发表于新一期《自然· 通讯》杂志。 德国马克斯·普朗克地球人类学研究所报告了在沙特阿拉伯北部内夫得沙漠的考古勘探和挖掘结 果，填补了该地区约1.2万年前的考古记录空白。他们对这些沉积物的分析显示，在约1.6万至1.3万年 前，此处是一个干旱环境，其水资源以季节性湖泊的形式不断增加。这种水资源增加可能曾支持了当时 人类生存，而该地区发现的大型岩画和石制工具也证明了这一点。 岩画包含130幅真实尺寸的雕刻，描绘了骆驼、野山羊、马、瞪羚和欧洲野牛，有些尺寸有2米多 高，另有对骆驼和人类的小型描绘。此外，还发掘出532个石制工具，其形状可能指向与中东同时期的 文化关联。研究团队认为，可能是同一批人创作了岩画和石制工具，但对证据的阐释持谨慎态度。 人类从2.5万—2万年前至1万年前，生活在阿拉伯北部，但相关的考古学证据却非常有限。当时该 地区极为干旱，已知在这一时期，中东的人群成功在各种环境下开始了耕种和畜牧行为。在阿拉伯北 部，记载显示与绿洲相关的人类活 ...

Core Insights - The "China Electrification Annual Development Report 2025" indicates that China's electrification rate is projected to reach 28.8% in 2024, surpassing major developed economies in Europe and the US, with an increase of 0.9 percentage points from the previous year [1] Regional Analysis - The electrification rates for various regions in China are as follows: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei at approximately 21.4%, Yangtze River Delta at 34.1%, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area at 41.7%, and Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle at 29.5%. A total of 14 provinces and municipalities have electrification rates exceeding the national average [2] Industrial Sector Insights - The industrial sector's electrification rate is steadily increasing, expected to reach about 27.7% in 2024, up by 0.6 percentage points from the previous year. The four major high-energy-consuming industries have an electrification rate of approximately 18.4%, increasing by 0.1 percentage points. High-tech and equipment manufacturing industries have an electrification rate of about 64.7%, also up by 0.1 percentage points. Consumer goods manufacturing has an electrification rate of approximately 46.0%, increasing by 0.8 percentage points [2] Construction and Services Sector - The construction sector's electrification rate is projected to grow rapidly, reaching about 55.3% in 2024, an increase of 1.8 percentage points. The wholesale and retail, as well as accommodation and catering sectors, have an electrification rate of 61.8%, up by 1.1 percentage points [2] Transportation and Rural Electrification - The transportation sector's electrification rate is expected to reach about 6.5% in 2024, increasing by 0.7 percentage points. In rural areas, the electrification rate for agriculture and rural residents is projected to be 43.6%, up by 1.9 percentage points [2] Future Projections - The report anticipates that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the national electrification rate will maintain a steady growth trend with an average annual increase of about 1 percentage point, reaching approximately 35% by 2030. Low-carbon electrification development is expected to contribute over 80% to the growth of the national electrification rate [3]

Group 1: Event Overview - The 19th Yulin International Coal and High-end Energy Chemical Industry Expo and the 3rd Western Hydrogen Energy Expo showcased advancements in the coal and energy sectors, highlighting Yulin's energy transformation and global business connections [1] - Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were introduced, capable of traveling 400 kilometers on a single hydrogen fill, with a total of 15,000 kilometers safely operated, resulting in a carbon reduction of nearly 10 tons [1] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The coal industry is undergoing a shift from mechanization to automation, with intelligent robots capable of distinguishing coal from gangue, performing up to 6,000 grabs per hour [2] - The Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry's Caijiatang Mine has implemented a smart mining system, reducing underground inspection personnel from 15 to 5 and significantly enhancing safety and efficiency [2][4] Group 3: Policy Support - The establishment of the Yulin Energy Revolution Innovation Demonstration Zone by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration provides strong support for intelligent construction in the coal industry [3] - Yulin has built 31 intelligent mines and 85 intelligent coal mining faces, with 78.7% of production capacity being intelligent and 99% of coal mines achieving comprehensive mechanization [4] Group 4: Green Transition - The expo highlighted green low-carbon technologies, particularly CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage), which has been implemented in Yulin with a large-scale demonstration project capturing and storing CO2 from power plant emissions [5][6] - Yulin is actively exploring pathways for carbon reduction and has a clear top-level design and policy support for its green transition, including the development of coal-based special fuels and biodegradable materials [6][7] Group 5: Hydrogen Energy Development - The hydrogen energy industry is a key component of Yulin's green transition, with a complete hydrogen energy industrial chain being showcased at the expo [7][8] - Yulin plans to invest 300 million yuan annually to support hydrogen energy development, aiming to establish itself as the "Hydrogen Energy Capital of the West" by 2030, with plans for 10,000 hydrogen heavy trucks and 5,000 public transport vehicles [8]

为应对这一挑战，研究团队提出了一种结合物理模型与机器学习技术的新路径。该方法基于"自动微 分"技术——一种常用于深度学习中计算导数的算法，用于追踪输入变量微小变化对输出的影响。他们 利用这一机制，在分子动力学模拟框架下直接优化氨基酸序列，使其具备预定的物理或功能特性。与依 赖大量数据训练的典型人工智能模型不同，该方法依托已有且足够精确的物理模拟体系，通过梯度优化 高效搜索满足特定功能需求的蛋白质序列，如形成柔性连接结构或响应环境变化的能力。 团队强调，目标并非用数据驱动模型替代物理理解，而是将真实的分子行为规律嵌入设计过程，使生成 的蛋白质序列不仅具备功能性，而且其设计过程本身就根植于自然界真实的动力学原理。由此设计出的 蛋白质是"可微分的"，意味着每一步优化都建立在对系统物理状态连续、精确调控的基础上，而非依赖 黑箱式的预测。 （文章来源：科技日报） 美国哈佛大学与西北大学研究团队合作，开发出一种新型机器学习方法，能够从无序蛋白质中排序，设 计出具有特定性质的内在无序蛋白质（IDPs），从而突破了当前人工智能（AI）工具在解析约30%人类 蛋白质结构上的局限。该成果发表于最新一期《自然·计算科学》。 这类蛋 ...

据10日发表在《细胞·报告医学》期刊上的一项最新研究，美国马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校团队开发出 一种预防动物癌症的纳米疫苗，在预防小鼠黑色素瘤、胰腺癌和三阴性乳腺癌方面表现出显著效果。接 种该疫苗的小鼠中，高达88%保持无肿瘤状态（具体比例因癌症类型而异），同时疫苗有效抑制了癌细 胞扩散，甚至在某些情况下完全阻止了转移的发生。这一平台技术具有广泛适用性，可用于多种癌症类 型的预防和治疗，未来有望用于癌症高风险人群。 团队成员表示，这种疫苗诱导出强烈的肿瘤特异性T细胞反应，而这正是提高生存率的关键。当先天免 疫细胞接触到该疫苗制剂时，会引发强烈的免疫激活，进而有效地呈递抗原并启动能够杀伤肿瘤的T细 胞。 （文章来源：科技日报） 此前团队研究已证明，这种基于纳米颗粒的设计药物可缩小并清除小鼠体内的肿瘤。此次研究则进一步 证实，该技术同样具备预防性潜力。实验中，团队将纳米疫苗与一种特征明确的黑色素瘤抗原配对，以 此激活T细胞，使其能够识别并攻击癌细胞。3周后，小鼠被暴露于黑色素瘤细胞环境中。结果显示， 80%接种了这种"超级佐剂"疫苗的小鼠在整个研究期间（长达250天）未出现肿瘤，且全部存活；相比 之下，使用传统疫苗 ...