Core Viewpoint - The collaboration between MIT and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute has successfully synthesized the natural fungal molecule "Pseudopterosin A" for the first time in a laboratory setting, which has significant anticancer potential and could pave the way for new drug development pathways [1][2]. Group 1 - The research team achieved the total synthesis of Pseudopterosin A, which was first discovered over 50 years ago, and designed various new derivatives based on it [1]. - Initial tests indicate that some derivatives exhibit strong antitumor activity against a rare pediatric brain cancer, diffuse midline glioma [2]. - The synthesis of Pseudopterosin A was challenging due to its complex structure, which includes two additional oxygen atoms compared to a similar compound synthesized in 2009, leading to decreased molecular stability [1]. Group 2 - The team developed multiple variants of Pseudopterosin A, with one derivative showing significant inhibitory effects on diffuse midline glioma cells in laboratory cell experiments [2]. - Further research is required to evaluate the clinical application potential of these derivatives [2].

12月24日，记者获悉，杭州师范大学郭瑞庭教授团队与湖北大学合作的一项突破性研究成果，日前在国 际期刊《美国化学会催化学报》上发表。他们成功对一种名为AetF的天然卤化酶进行理性设计，获得能 够按照指令、在色氨酸分子特定位置进行单次卤化或混合卤化的新型酶突变体，并首次实现了"一锅 法"高效合成具有重要应用价值的混合卤化色氨酸，为复杂卤化分子的绿色生物制造提供了全新的范 式。 卤素，如氯、溴、碘，在自然界和人们的生活中无处不在。在药物分子中巧妙地引入卤素原子，常常能 显著改变其生物活性，从而优化药物的疗效和性质。 然而，传统的化学卤化方法往往依赖于有毒试剂和苛刻的反应条件，不仅不够环保，也难以精确控制反 应位点，容易产生不必要的副产物。面对这些问题，科学家们将目光投向了自然界中的卤化酶。 来源于蓝细菌的AetF，与许多需要"帮手"才能工作的双组分卤化酶不同，是一种将卤化与还原两种功能 集于一身的单组分卤化酶，其结构更为精简。然而，天然的AetF有其固定的工作模式：在催化色氨酸卤 化时，它会严格遵循"先在第5位（C5位）、再在第7位（C7位）"的顺序进行"流水线作业"，最终生成 5,7-二卤化色氨酸。这种固化的工 ...

Core Insights - A collaborative team from MIT, the University of Michigan, and Northeastern University has introduced a geometric deep learning model named "MultiCell," which predicts cellular behavior during fruit fly embryonic development at single-cell resolution [1][2] - The model utilizes four-dimensional whole-embryo data with sub-micron resolution and high frame rates, containing approximately 5,000 labeled cell boundaries and nuclei [1] - "MultiCell" is the first algorithm capable of predicting various cellular behaviors with single-cell precision during multicellular self-assembly, showing potential for early diagnosis and drug screening [2] Group 1 - The "MultiCell" model can predict the behavior changes of each cell every minute during the embryonic development process [1] - The model achieved about 90% accuracy in predicting cell connection loss and demonstrated high accuracy in predicting cell invagination, division, or rearrangement behaviors [2] - The method is compared to AlphaFold, which predicts protein structures from amino acid sequences, highlighting the complexity of embryonic development compared to protein folding [1] Group 2 - The model was trained on three embryonic videos and then applied to predict the evolution of a fourth new embryo [2] - Future enhancements may include integrating gene expression and protein localization data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between physical and biological information [2] - The development of a universal multicellular developmental prediction model could lead to the creation of "digital embryos" for drug screening and guiding artificial tissue design [1]

这条禁令看起来对世界各国一视同仁，实际上主要针对中国。据统计，中国占据了全球民用无人机70% 到80%的市场份额，美国消费市场上90%、工业市场上70%的无人机产自中国，主要来自大疆。除整机 外，电机、电池、传感器等全球民用无人机零部件的最主要产地也是中国。英国皇家联合军种国防研究 所估计，中国供应了全球民用中小型无人机市场80%的整机和零部件。美国有线电视新闻网评论称， FCC此项决定，标志着"美国多年来打击中国无人机的努力达到了顶峰"。 所谓"国家安全风险"，只是美国为封禁中国新型无人机产品找的一个借口。多年来，以大疆为代表的中 国无人机产品已经通过全球多家权威机构的安全性检测。2018年，美国基伍咨询公司测试发现，大疆用 户的数据隐私受到了保护。2019年，美国内务部对大疆政府版无人机进行了15个月的测试，最终肯定了 大疆的数据安全方案。2020年，博思艾伦咨询公司测试了多款大疆政府版和企业版无人机，结果也表明 其数据是安全的。同年，FTI咨询公司对大疆软硬件进行了网络安全审查，也没有发现问题。2022年， 德国南德意志集团测试多款大疆无人机，发现其具备全面的安全功能，符合美国和欧盟的网络安全标 准。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The oral version of semaglutide, a "star drug" for weight loss, has been approved by the U.S. FDA, following the approval of its injectable form as the world's first GLP-1 class weight loss medication, sparking public interest in convenient weight loss solutions [1] Group 1: Mechanism of Action - GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) regulates insulin and glucagon secretion based on blood sugar levels, and semaglutide is a similar compound that activates receptors in various cells to promote insulin secretion, suppress glucagon, and delay gastric emptying, thereby reducing appetite [2] - The core mechanism of semaglutide for weight loss is not fat burning but rather activating neural circuits related to satiety in the hypothalamus and brainstem, leading to reduced hunger and delayed feelings of hunger after meals [2] Group 2: Drug Comparison and Usage - The oral and injectable forms of semaglutide share the same active ingredients and mechanisms, with the oral form being more convenient but requiring higher doses due to lower bioavailability [3] - Current weight loss prescription drugs in China primarily consist of GLP-1 class medications, with BMI (Body Mass Index) being a key criterion for usage; individuals with a BMI of 28 or higher, or 24 with obesity-related complications, may be prescribed these medications [4] - Other weight loss medications include orlistat, which is the only over-the-counter option, but it has poor tolerance and more side effects; new generation dual-target and triple-target weight loss drugs are under development [4] Group 3: Risks of Misuse - The convenience of the oral version raises concerns about potential drug misuse, particularly among individuals not meeting the criteria for its use, which could lead to negative health outcomes such as muscle loss, nutritional deficiencies, and increased risks of gallstones and thyroid tumors [5] - Lifestyle interventions remain essential for effective weight management, and the public should not rely solely on medications for rapid weight loss, as there is a risk of rebound weight gain after discontinuation [6]

据介绍，"储诺"超高温热泵储能技术循环效率无衰减，在不同负荷下效率稳定。同时，储能技术参数优 势明显，储热高温560℃以上，低温可达-60℃，储能密度可达每立方米80—120千瓦时，远超常规压缩 空气储能，同等空间下储能容量可提升10倍以上。该技术应用场景广泛，可实现高品质冷热电联供，耦 合新能源大基地、煤电、核电、高耗能等产业，提升绿电比例，满足运行灵活性及节能减排需求。 在"双碳"目标驱动下，长时储能已从"可选项"变为能源转型的"必选项"，推动长时储能技术的创新与应 用刻不容缓。热泵储能技术在构建新型电力系统、保障电力系统安全稳定运行等方面将发挥重要作用， 是未来规模化长时储能的中坚力量。 （文章来源：科技日报） 25日，国家电投集团在北京正式发布全球首套超高温热泵储能技术——"储诺"。相较于传统储能技 术，"储诺"超高温热泵储能技术布置灵活度高，无需依赖特定地理条件，无论是平原电站还是山地产业 园均可快速部署。 热泵储能也被称作卡诺电池。其结合热泵循环与热机循环，可实现电能与热能之间的高效双向转换。该 技术具有储能密度高、容量成本低、储能效率高，且可实现高品质冷热电联供等优势。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The revival of dinosaurs through scientific means has gained public interest, with discussions on whether modern technology can bridge the 66 million-year gap since their extinction [3] Group 1: Advances in Synthetic Biology - Scientists are exploring synthetic biology as a new approach to "revive" dinosaurs by decoding the genetic codes behind their traits rather than relying on ancient DNA [4] - The phenotype of each species, including physical appearance and behavior, is linked to specific genetic codes, which can be studied to recreate dinosaur-like features in existing species [4] - Techniques such as the "gene puzzle" developed by MIT in 2025 allow researchers to edit genes in bird embryos to induce dinosaur-like characteristics, demonstrating the potential of synthetic biology [4] Group 2: Challenges in Genetic Reconstruction - Despite advancements, significant gaps in the dinosaur genome remain, making it difficult to fully reconstruct their genetic makeup [5][6] - The degradation of DNA over time poses a major challenge, as the half-life of DNA is approximately 500 years under ideal conditions, making it nearly impossible to retrieve intact dinosaur DNA from fossils [7] - Current findings of fragmented DNA and proteins from fossils are insufficient to reconstruct a complete dinosaur genome, leading to the conclusion that any resulting organism would not be a true dinosaur but rather a hybrid with limited dinosaur traits [7][8] Group 3: Environmental and Technical Barriers - Even if genetic editing challenges are overcome, there are significant hurdles in finding suitable carriers for dinosaur embryos and creating appropriate environments for their development [8] - The lack of technology to support the growth of large dinosaur embryos in artificial environments presents a major obstacle [8] - Additionally, even if a dinosaur were successfully hatched, it would likely struggle to survive in the drastically changed modern environment, which has evolved significantly since the time of dinosaurs [8]

记者12月22日从中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所获悉，该所朱敏院士团队与云南大学等中外 机构合作，在云南昭通下泥盆统地层中，发现一种约4.1亿年前的原始肺鱼化石，并将其命名为"云南古 嵴鱼"，填补了最原始肺鱼与更进步的肺鱼类之间的"演化缺环"，为破解早期肺鱼演化密码提供了关键 实物证据。相关论文发表于国际期刊《当代生物学》。 肺鱼类是与四足动物亲缘关系最近的现生类群，最早出现于早泥盆世，如今全球仅存非洲、南美、 澳洲肺鱼3个属，其中澳洲肺鱼堪称"活化石"。我国早在20世纪80年代就发现了最古老的肺鱼物种 ——"希望奇异鱼"，但它与更进步的肺鱼类之间存在明显形态断层，该问题长期困扰学界。 此次发现的云南古嵴鱼化石，是泥盆纪布拉格期首次发现的三维保存肺鱼头骨化石，头骨仅长25毫 米，却蕴含丰富的演化信息。借助高精度CT扫描技术，研究团队观察到其独特特征，它既保留希望奇 异鱼的原始特征，又具备北美真肺鱼的相似腭骨形态，鼻腔占腭面长度三分之一，脑颅两侧内收肌发 达，推测以坚硬甲壳类为食。 最关键的是，云南古嵴鱼的腭方骨与脑颅呈部分融合状态，正处于从原始肉鳍鱼类"双接型"向真肺 鱼类典型"自接型"头骨的演化过渡阶段 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the "Three Polar Interaction" theory proposed by Fang Xiaomin, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of the Tibetan Plateau, North Pole, and South Pole in influencing global climate change [3][4][12]. Group 1: Three Polar Interaction Theory - The "Three Polar Interaction" theory posits that the Tibetan Plateau, North Pole, and South Pole form a dynamic system through atmospheric-oceanic circulation and carbon cycling, impacting the formation of mineral resources and landforms in Asia [3][4]. - The theory suggests that the continuous uplift of the Tibetan Plateau acts as a "super engine" for global climate regulation, affecting the ice caps in the polar regions [3][4]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Influence - The Tibetan Plateau influences the polar regions through two key pathways: the "Dust-Carbon Effect" and the "Chemical Weathering-Carbon Cycle" effect [4][5]. - The "Dust-Carbon Effect" involves the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau leading to increased aridity in Asia, which generates dust that promotes phytoplankton growth in the North Pacific, resulting in a decrease in atmospheric CO2 and global cooling [4]. - The "Chemical Weathering-Carbon Cycle" effect describes how increased rainfall due to the uplift enhances chemical weathering processes, converting CO2 into bicarbonate ions and facilitating long-term carbon storage in the ocean [5]. Group 3: Biodiversity and Evolution - The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has not only reshaped the natural environment but also driven evolutionary processes, with evidence suggesting that some modern African savanna animals originated from adaptations in the Tibetan Plateau [7][8]. - The Tibetan Plateau serves as a "training camp" for species that later migrated to polar regions, equipping them with survival skills for extreme environments [8]. Group 4: Scientific Research and Applications - The second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Tibetan Plateau has shifted its focus from basic data collection to understanding changes, mechanisms, and strategies for sustainable development [9][10]. - Significant achievements include the publication of 245 high-level papers and the submission of over 110 advisory reports to government bodies, contributing to ecological protection laws and disaster risk management [10][11]. Group 5: Climate Change and Global Impact - The Tibetan Plateau is currently experiencing profound changes characterized by warming and increased humidity, leading to glacier retreat and permafrost degradation, which pose long-term challenges for water resource security [12][13]. - Addressing climate change requires a holistic approach, emphasizing the importance of protecting the Tibetan Plateau as a critical component of global climate stability [13][14].

2025年，人类在探索未知的征程中留下了坚实的足迹。从"深度求索"用算法点亮AI效率革命，到谷 歌量子计算首次实现可验证的算力超越；从鲁宾天文台以巨眸凝视宇宙起源，到跨物种脑图谱揭开神经 发育的奥秘……科技的力量既指向星辰大海，也照进生命精微深处。 在本报评选的十大国际科技新闻展示的图景中，有深沉的警醒，也有科技的温度：首个气候临界点 的到达警示着气候的脆弱，脑科学与手术机器人的突破则承载着对个体健康的深切关怀。科技的真谛， 从来不仅是追求极致，更是守护共生，是智慧与责任同行。我们相信，科技的内核永远是温暖的，引领 人类走向更坚韧、更包容的未来。 "深度求索"引领开源人工智能模式 在人工智能（AI）浪潮奔涌的2025年伊始，中国"深度求索"（DeepSeek）公司以其开源大模型 DeepSeek-R1的突破性成果，在世界AI发展史上留下了深刻印记。 DeepSeek-R1开创性地采用纯强化学习训练大规模推理模型，在提升模型能力的同时，显著降低了 对标注数据的依赖。该团队今年9月在《自然》杂志发表的论文，系统阐述了这一技术路径的科学价值 与工程实现。其实现了在有限算力条件下达到顶尖性能的目标，展现了中国科研人员 ...