"模型估算表明，气候变化对草地生产力产生积极效应，但仅在实际放牧强度低于阈值放牧强度的区域，气候变暖和CO2施肥的积极效应才能实质抵消放牧 对草地生产力的负向影响。以'双碳目标'为牵引，以能源结构调整为抓手，曲麻莱可持续管理模式实现牧区生产—生活—生态共赢。"中国科学院大学党委 常务副书记、副校长王艳芬5月22日在中国源模型论坛十周年学术年会上作主旨发言，讲述了青海省玉树藏族自治州曲麻莱县生态畜牧业绿色发展的生动实 践。 "我们构建了一个优化状态模型，通过食物网能量传递，从机制上理解多营养级复杂系统的多样性与多重生态系统功能之间的关系。基于能量流动的理论模 型，我们成功量化了系统稳态转变过程、预测并识别了转变阈值，为生态系统科学保护与可持续利用奠定了基础。"王艳芬说。 曲麻莱县地处三江源国家公园核心区，生态环境脆弱，保护与发展始终是存在矛盾。王艳芬在主旨发言中，以此地为蓝本，探讨生态系统碳汇提升的路径。 其中，在能源结构调整方面，推动"以氮促碳"可持续管理模式，风光互补替代牛粪燃烧供能，实现牧区生产—生活—生态共赢。充分利用分布式清洁能源资 源替代牛粪燃烧，满足牧民用能用电需求，在减少碳排放和空气污染的同时， ...

完善财政补贴、税收优惠等政策，扩大优惠政策覆盖面。当前秸秆补贴政策主要惠及规模化主体，规模 较小的市场主体、散田农户难以享受政策红利。建议各地结合工作需求，增加补贴额度，扩大补贴政策 覆盖面，引导农户、中小规模市场主体配置秸秆还田离田机具。同时，给予村组一定的补贴分配自主 权，按照作物种植面积、秸秆利用量分配补贴资金，激发广大种植户和养殖户、中小规模秸秆还田和收 储主体的积极性。 加强宣传培训和困难帮扶，建立农机共享、服务上门等便民制度。农村老龄化、劳动力短缺、农田破碎 化、粗放式管理等因素增加了秸秆综合利用的难度。建议强化基层组织建设，完善村组农机设备配置， 实施农机共享。村组可根据农户需求，合理安排农机使用时间，不断提高秸秆粉碎还田机械化作业面 积。对偏远山区的乡镇、村庄给予政策、资金支持，引导土地流转经营主体配置一定比例的散田，推动 散田秸秆综合利用。同时，建立劳动力短缺农户包保机制，通过土地流转经营、委托种植大户或合作社 代管、购买社会化服务、以工代赈、志愿服务等多种方式，开展代种代收代管或上门服务，补齐散田秸 秆综合利用短板。 目前，平原地区凭借机械化优势，通过联合收割机配套秸秆还田设备，可同步完成 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the increasing adoption of non-site law enforcement in ecological environment regulation, highlighting its advantages over traditional enforcement methods and the need for improvements in infrastructure and personnel training to maximize its effectiveness [1][2]. Group 1: Advantages of Non-Site Law Enforcement - Non-site law enforcement significantly enhances regulatory coverage, allowing limited enforcement resources to achieve greater effectiveness [1]. - It utilizes technology to secure evidence, reducing human intervention and minimizing arbitrary enforcement issues [1]. - The approach enables real-time monitoring of corporate emissions and data analysis to predict environmental risks, facilitating a shift towards more precise and intelligent ecological governance [1]. Group 2: Challenges and Recommendations - Current challenges include insufficient monitoring equipment coverage, weak data system support, and inadequate capabilities of enforcement personnel [1]. - Recommendations include expanding monitoring network coverage and enhancing the intelligence level of online monitoring systems, ensuring high-quality standards in equipment procurement and installation [2]. - There is a call for the establishment of a reliable anti-cheating network to prevent companies from evading regulation through data manipulation [2].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implementation of a new regulatory model called "Comprehensive Inspection at Once" in Suzhou, aimed at reducing the burden of multiple inspections on businesses while enhancing regulatory efficiency [1][2]. Group 1: Regulatory Changes - Suzhou has initiated a special inspection at a freight terminal involving multiple departments, including ecological environment, transportation, municipal management, and water affairs, marking a shift from traditional inspection methods [1]. - The "Comprehensive Inspection at Once" reform has significantly reduced inspection frequency, with one gas station reporting a decrease of over 30% in inspections compared to previous years [1]. Group 2: Benefits to Businesses - The new inspection model alleviates the burden on enterprises, which previously faced over 60 inspections annually, disrupting normal operations [1]. - The reform enhances the standardization of regulatory practices, as joint inspections create a mechanism for mutual supervision among departments, reducing issues like improper attire and incomplete enforcement records [1]. Group 3: Broader Implications - This collaborative regulatory approach addresses the limitations of traditional single-department enforcement, allowing for comprehensive identification of regulatory blind spots and fostering inter-departmental communication [2]. - The experience from Suzhou highlights the importance of innovative government governance methods in creating a favorable business environment, suggesting that other regions could adopt similar practices to improve regulatory efficiency and service quality [2].

Group 1 - Forestry carbon sinks are a crucial type of China's Certified Voluntary Emission Reduction (CCER) projects, playing a key role in promoting carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening, and economic growth [1] - The development of forestry carbon sink projects is essential for the national carbon trading system and is vital for the construction of the voluntary carbon market [2] - The implementation of forestry carbon sink projects can enhance sustainable forest management and contribute to economic development while addressing climate change [2] Group 2 - Forestry carbon sinks represent a cost-effective strategy for reducing emissions, with lower marginal abatement costs compared to other methods [3] - The market demand for forestry carbon sinks is currently limited, primarily driven by corporate social responsibility, necessitating measures to stimulate demand [4] - Establishing a scientific monitoring system for forestry carbon sinks is critical for integrating them into carbon trading, addressing issues like carbon leakage and permanence [4] Group 3 - The ownership structure of forestry carbon sinks is complex, requiring the establishment of a clear legal framework to clarify carbon sink property rights and ensure smooth trading [5] - A unified regulatory mechanism for carbon sink trading should be established to enhance market transparency and standardization [5]

当前，面对经济增长放缓带来的压力，一些地方出现了生态环保工作可以缓一缓、放一放的错误思想。 《条例》的颁布，彰显了党中央以制度创新坚守绿色发展道路的战略定力。各地要加大对《条例》的学 习贯彻，进一步深化对生态环境保护督察的认识，充分认识到督察工作是一项长期的制度设计，绝不 是"一阵风"。要将督察制度真正转化为治理效能，切实推动经济社会实现高质量发展。 近日，《生态环境保护督察工作条例》（以下简称《条例》）正式印发，以更刚性的法治约束、更系统 的制度设计，为美丽中国建设筑牢根基。各地要充分认识督察工作的重大意义，全力支持督察、自觉接 受督察，积极落实问题整改，举一反三提升生态环境治理能力和水平，不断推动经济社会全面绿色转 型。 中央生态环境保护督察自2015年实施以来，其重要作用已充分显现。各地要深刻认识到，生态环境保护 督察是对各地生态环境质量、发展方式的一种宝贵的体检，是帮助各地发现问题、解决问题、促进高质 量发展的重要机遇。 一方面，督察已经成为帮助地方政府彻底解决长期积累的老大难问题的有力武器。老大难问题往往涉及 面广、持续时间长，利益盘根错节，仅靠地方政府的力量很难彻底解决。中央生态环境保护督察能够以 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of "micro-reforms" in promoting ecological civilization and environmental governance in Leshan City, Sichuan Province, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to address environmental issues and improve governance capabilities [2][3]. Group 1: Micro-Reforms and Collaboration - "Micro-reforms" are seen as a key driver for ecological civilization reforms, enabling breakthroughs at the local level that can lead to broader improvements [3]. - The concept of "micro-reforms, big collaboration" is introduced, advocating for the integration of resources across departments to create a strong collective effort [3][4]. - Leshan has established a collaborative framework involving over 20 municipal departments to implement "micro-reforms," resulting in the issuance of nine local environmental protection regulations [4]. Group 2: Air Quality Improvement - Leshan City has achieved significant improvements in air quality, with PM2.5 concentrations decreasing by 14.7% year-on-year in the first quarter of the year, ranking first in the province for air quality improvement [5]. - The city has implemented a targeted management approach for key polluting enterprises, enhancing monitoring and response times for pollution events [5][6]. - A comprehensive air pollution prevention strategy has led to a 42.5% reduction in pollution days compared to the previous year [5]. Group 3: Rural Wastewater Management - Leshan has adopted a comprehensive approach to rural wastewater management, achieving a 79.5% coverage of administrative villages in wastewater resource utilization [10]. - The city has implemented a four-tier responsibility system for wastewater management, ensuring effective governance and resource allocation [9]. - Various treatment methods have been tailored to local conditions, resulting in effective wastewater management practices [9]. Group 4: Solid Waste Management - The city has reported a 100% rate for medical waste recovery and disposal, as well as a 98% utilization rate for construction waste [11]. - Leshan is actively promoting the concept of a "waste-free city," focusing on the resource utilization of solid waste through innovative management practices [11][12]. - The establishment of a national-level research center for waste management has facilitated technological advancements in waste treatment and resource recovery [12].

Group 1 - The core theme of International Biodiversity Day 2023 is "Coexistence of All Things and Sustainable Harmony," emphasizing the importance of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature [1] - China is one of the countries with the richest biodiversity, with diverse ecosystems and species due to its vast territory and complex climate [1] - Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party, China has prioritized biodiversity protection, making significant contributions to global biodiversity challenges and the construction of a community of life on Earth [1] Group 2 - The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party has made strategic deployments for coordinated efforts in carbon reduction, pollution reduction, and ecological diversity enhancement [2] - New goals, tasks, and measures for biodiversity protection have been outlined in the guidelines issued by the Central Committee and the State Council, providing an action plan for ecological civilization construction [2] - A national committee for biodiversity protection has been established to coordinate efforts, with a growing consensus on the sustainable use and protection of biodiversity among the government, enterprises, and the public [2] Group 3 - A strict legal framework has been established to protect biodiversity, integrating various laws into a comprehensive legal system [3] - Over 30% of land area has been designated as ecological protection red lines, with integrated protection and restoration projects implemented [3] - The natural protected area system, primarily based on national parks, effectively protects 90% of terrestrial ecosystem types and 74% of key protected wild species [3] Group 4 - China actively participates in global biodiversity governance, enhancing its influence and voice in sustainable development [4] - The country has led initiatives such as the "Kunming Declaration" and the "Kunming-Montreal Framework," marking significant progress in global biodiversity governance [4] - China integrates biodiversity protection into all aspects of economic and social development, promoting a vision of a vibrant and harmonious Earth for future generations [4]

从行动看广东守护力度 生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。报告提到，近年来，广东省大力推进生物多样性保护工 作，为生物提供了良好的栖息环境。 广东省生物多样性保护宣传周启动现场 5月17日，在广东省生物多样性保护宣传周启动现场，广东省内首份生物多样性报告《广东省生物 多样性（2025）》（以下简称报告）正式发布。该报告由广东省生态环境监测中心牵头，联合广东省环 境科学研究院、广东省林业调查规划院、中国科学院华南植物园、广东省科学院动物研究所、广东省农 业科学院等部门编制，系统呈现了广东生物多样性本底资源与保护成效，为生物多样性保护贡献"南粤 智慧"。 从数据看广东生态家底 广东省地处中国大陆最南部，生态系统类型丰富，森林覆盖率达53.03%，湿地超190万公顷，海域 面积41.93万平方公里，生物物种及遗传资源极为丰富，是我国生物多样性天然宝库之一。 报告显示，目前广东省记录高等植物8186种、陆生脊椎动物1052种、昆虫及其近缘类群超12000 种、水生生物超3000种及微生物7165种，国家重点保护野生植物176种、野生动物321种，通过系统化保 育措施守护了中华穿山甲、仙湖苏铁等珍稀濒危物种。此外，广 ...

Core Viewpoint - The decision from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party emphasizes the need to advance the ecological environment damage compensation system, guiding the reform direction and raising higher requirements for the implementation of the system [1] Group 1: Deepening Procedural Coordination - The "Opinions" highlight procedural coordination as a key focus throughout the ecological environment damage compensation process, aiming to streamline various procedures such as administrative enforcement and litigation [2] - Specific provisions are made to avoid redundancy in the claims process, stating that if ecological damage has been repaired through other means, it will not initiate a claim [2] - The "Opinions" enhance the connection with administrative enforcement, including new measures such as using administrative enforcement materials as evidence for claims and forming joint investigation teams [2] Group 2: Strengthening Connections with Environmental Public Interest Litigation - The "Opinions" strengthen the connection with environmental public interest litigation, establishing new regulations for communication and support between the People's Procuratorate and the compensation process [3] - It allows for the participation of the People's Procuratorate in compensation negotiations and provides for their involvement in supervision during restoration [3] Group 3: Refining Regulatory Interpretations - The "Opinions" provide more operational standards for three types of cases defined in the management regulations, particularly clarifying the criteria for "significantly minor" damage cases [4] - It specifies that cases with minimal damage or no significant impact can be exempt from initiating claims, while also outlining exceptions where claims must still be initiated [4] Group 4: Optimizing Case Handling - The "Opinions" introduce new measures to improve the quality of handling ecological environment damage compensation cases, including setting reasonable investigation timelines and utilizing various technical methods [7] - It encourages local authorities to develop specific guidelines for damage assessment and emphasizes the need for clear reporting on the feasibility of ecological restoration [7] - The "Opinions" also detail the process for negotiation and judicial confirmation of compensation agreements, ensuring timely litigation if negotiations fail [7] Group 5: Enhancing Restoration Efforts - The "Opinions" introduce new content regarding alternative restoration, clarifying that restoration efforts can be organized by designated departments when the responsible party cannot fully restore the damage [8] - It encourages the establishment of a project library for alternative restoration and emphasizes the importance of community involvement in selecting projects [8] Group 6: Overall Impact of the Reform - The ecological environment damage compensation system has evolved over the past decade, with increasing levels of scientific and legal sophistication, playing a more significant role in ecological damage relief [9] - The introduction of the "Opinions" marks a new phase in advancing the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system through procedural coordination, regulatory refinement, and case handling optimization [9]