重阳说 查理·芒格先生有一句广为流传的话："我这一生当中，未曾见过不读书就智慧满满的人。没有。一个都没 有。沃伦（巴菲特）的阅读量之大可能会让你感到吃惊。我和他一样。我的孩子们打趣我说，我就是一 本长着两条腿的书。" 熟悉重阳的朋友们一定知道，阅读，一直是我们非常推崇的成长路径。 现在，我们希望和你一起，把阅读这件事坚持下去。 每一期专栏，我们依旧聊书，可能是书评、书单或者书摘。 每一期会有一个交流主题，希望你通过留言与我们互动。 我们精选优质好书，根据留言质量不定量送出。 世界莽莽，时间荒荒，阅读生出思考的力量，愿你感受到自己的思想有厚度且有方向，四通八达，尽情 徜徉。 提示：本公众号所发布的内容仅供参考，不构成任何投资建议和销售要约。如您对重阳产品感兴趣，欢 迎 扫码 咨询。 【好书】第296期：《 加密货币与金融大变局 》 艾利艾咨询 编著 李未柠 主编 中信出版集团 推荐人 营销编辑 马萱 2025年8月 互动话题： 结合本书 ， 请谈谈你对稳定币的理解 。 留言时间：2024年8月6 日 - 2025年 8月13日 （鼓励原创，只要你的内容足够优秀，期期选中也有可能哦） 筛选及书籍（单本）寄送：20 ...

致尊敬的您： 当硅料价格在2025年7月突破4.9万元/吨，较年初上涨超30%时，光伏 行业终于迎来了久违的喘息。这场被《人民日报》多次点名的"内卷 式"竞争，曾让全产业链陷入亏损泥潭——2023年至2024年，光伏主材 各环节单瓦净利跌幅超80%，头部企业毛利率腰斩。如今， 在政策强 力介入与行业自律协同下，光伏行业正经历一场自上而下的供给侧变 革，不仅关乎光伏产业自身兴衰，更为中国制造业突破同质化竞争的 困局提供重要参考。 ▲向上滑动阅览 【免责声明】 本材料由上海重阳投资管理股份有限公司（简称"重阳投资"）原创并编辑发布，仅限于提供信息和投资者 教育的目的。本材料所依据信息和资料来源于公开渠道（例如：万得、彭博）和内部研究成果，相关信息 被认为是可靠的，但重阳投资不对其完整性或准确性作出任何明示或默示的陈述或保证。相关信息仅供参 考，不构成广告、销售要约，或交易任何证券、基金或投资产品的建议。本材料中引用的任何实体、品 牌、商品等仅作为研究分析对象使用，不代表重阳投资的实际操作。因基金产品投资限制、投资组合调整 和交易成本等多种因素，重阳投资的实际操作有可能与本材料中得出的结论不同。 最低成本价，以供全 ...

Core Viewpoint - The meeting of the Political Bureau on July 30 emphasized a focus on stabilizing the economy rather than stimulating it, indicating that the policy direction will prioritize implementation over new initiatives, while remaining open to adjustments if unexpected situations arise [2][3]. Economic Policy Focus - The meeting highlighted that the economic performance in the first half of the year was positive despite external challenges, with major economic indicators showing good results and a strong resilience in the economy [2]. - The real estate sector will focus on high-quality urban renewal as the main strategy, with further observation needed from policymakers to promote stabilization [2]. - The concept of "anti-involution" has gained importance, with a shift in language from "promoting the orderly exit of backward production capacity" to "advancing capacity governance in key industries," indicating a move towards market-oriented solutions [2]. Capital Market Insights - A new emphasis on "enhancing the attractiveness and inclusiveness of the domestic capital market" was introduced, aiming to attract both domestic and foreign investors while broadening financing channels for technology-driven enterprises [2]. - Continued high-level attention to the capital market suggests that support from state-owned entities will be more sustainable moving forward [2]. Strategic Planning for the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plans - The 15th Five-Year Plan is positioned as a critical period for achieving decisive progress in socialist modernization, with a focus on proactive measures in various policy areas including openness, industrial policy, and distribution policy [3]. - The meeting underscored the need for active adaptation to changes and competition in the international arena, marking a shift from foundational planning to actionable breakthroughs [3]. - The emphasis on consolidating the economic foundation and activating development momentum is crucial for ensuring strategic breakthroughs in modernization efforts [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of reading as a pathway to growth and wisdom, highlighting the belief that knowledge acquisition is essential for making informed financial decisions [2][3][7]. Group 1: Book Recommendation - The featured book in this issue is "The Disappearing Billionaire: A Better Guide to Investment and Financial Decision-Making," which discusses the challenges of wealth preservation compared to wealth creation [9][18]. - The book provides a framework for making systematic and rational investment and financial decisions, aiming to help individuals avoid catastrophic wealth loss due to poor risk management [18][19]. Group 2: Experiment Insights - An experiment involving 61 participants was conducted to explore betting strategies in a simulated coin-flipping game, which mirrors investment market characteristics [12][14]. - Participants were informed of a 60% probability of winning on heads, and they had to decide their betting amounts and strategies within a 30-minute timeframe [14][18]. Group 3: Optimal Strategy Discussion - The article encourages readers to consider their strategies for maximizing returns in the coin-flipping game, which serves as a metaphor for investment decision-making [16][18]. - It raises the question of why there are no billionaires who have maintained their wealth across generations, attributing this to poor risk decisions in investments and spending [18][19].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the economic outlook for the second half of the year, emphasizing the need for policy support to achieve the annual GDP growth target of 5% after a 5.3% growth in the first half of the year [1][5]. Economic Performance - The actual GDP growth in the first half of the year was 5.3%, with Q1 at 5.4% and Q2 at 5.2%, exceeding the 5% annual target [5][7]. - The GDP deflator index in Q2 fell by 1.2%, marking the ninth consecutive quarter of negative growth, leading to a nominal GDP growth of only 3.9% [5][8]. - The growth was primarily driven by proactive policies and early consumer demand stimulation, particularly through the "trade-in" policy [7][8]. Consumer and Investment Trends - Retail sales of consumer goods increased by 5% in the first half, with significant growth in categories related to the "trade-in" policy, such as home appliances and furniture [8][11]. - Fixed asset investment grew by only 2.8%, with infrastructure investment up by 4.6% and manufacturing investment by 7.5%, while real estate investment declined by 11.2% [11][19]. - Equipment investment surged by 17.3%, contributing 86% to overall investment growth [11][19]. Export Dynamics - Exports showed resilience, with a 5.9% increase in dollar terms, despite a 10.9% decline in exports to the U.S. [15][19]. - The diversification of exports helped mitigate the impact of reduced U.S. demand, with significant growth in exports to Africa, ASEAN, and the EU [15][19]. Economic Concerns - Despite positive data, there are concerns about potential weaknesses in the economy, particularly in consumer spending and manufacturing investment in the second half [19][20]. - The "trade-in" policy's impact on retail sales is expected to diminish in the latter half of the year due to lower funding and higher base effects from last year [19][20]. - Real estate sales and prices are showing signs of weakness, with new housing sales down by 3.5% and sales revenue down by 5.5% in the first half [23][24]. Policy Outlook - The article anticipates that the government will focus on targeted policies rather than large-scale stimulus, given the strong economic foundation laid in the first half [27][28]. - Potential policy directions include optimizing existing programs like the "trade-in" initiative and addressing restrictions on consumer spending [29][30]. - Infrastructure investment is expected to be a key area of focus, with ongoing projects and new financing tools being introduced to support technology and consumption [30][31]. Monetary Policy - The monetary policy is expected to remain supportive, with potential for minor adjustments in reserve requirements and interest rates [34][35]. - The article suggests that the central bank may take a cautious approach to monetary easing, focusing on maintaining stability in the currency exchange rate [35][36]. Structural Issues - The article highlights that the main challenges facing the Chinese economy are structural rather than total output-related, emphasizing the need for a focus on domestic and international circulation [26][38].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the insights from the new book "2049: The Possibilities of the Next 10,000 Days" by Kevin Kelly and Wu Chen, which explores the transformative trends in technology, society, and economy over the next 25 years, emphasizing concepts like the mirror world, AI collaboration, genetic revolution, space economy, and "Cool China" [1][6]. Summary by Sections Insights from "2049" - The book serves as a guide for navigating an uncertain future, focusing on the framework of thinking rather than specific predictions [6]. - It highlights the tension between the acceleration of AI and the persistence of industrial-era systems, suggesting that significant changes will take time [6][7]. The Concept of the Mirror World - The mirror world represents a new paradigm of human-computer interaction, moving beyond traditional interfaces to a more immersive experience [12]. - It requires a virtual engine, termed Universal Personal Agent (UPA), which acts as a personal assistant, enhancing communication and interaction [13][15]. Impact on Education - The book posits that AI will fundamentally disrupt traditional education systems, moving from a scarcity of resources to a more abundant and personalized learning experience [20][21]. - It suggests that the role of education will shift from credentialing to fostering genuine skills and connections among individuals [22][23]. The Future of Work and AI - The discussion includes the potential for AI to replace certain tasks but emphasizes that it will also empower individuals, changing the nature of work rather than simply eliminating jobs [8][9]. - The relationship between humans and AI is framed as one of collaboration rather than competition, with AI serving as a tool for enhancement [9][10]. The Cool Economy - The article introduces the idea of a "cool economy," where emotional value and cultural connections become paramount, moving beyond mere functionality [36][38]. - It emphasizes the importance of creativity and personal expression in a future where technology enables diverse and individualized experiences [39][40]. Content Creation and Individual Empowerment - The potential for a content explosion is highlighted, where anyone with a good idea can create and share content, facilitated by AI tools [42][43]. - The concept of "super individuals" emerges, where personal insights and unique perspectives can thrive in a digital economy [43]. Healthcare Transformation - The article hints at the transformative impact of AI on healthcare, suggesting that it will lead to more personalized and efficient medical services [45].

Core Viewpoint - The bond market has experienced significant volatility since July, with rising yields and a downward trend, influenced by the performance of equity and commodity markets [1][2]. Group 1: Market Trends - Since July, the bond market has shown increased volatility, with the 10-year government bond yield rising over 5 basis points and the 30-year yield rising over 8 basis points, surpassing 1.9% [1]. - The adjustment in the bond market is attributed to the upward breakthrough in equity and commodity markets, with a notable shift from a two-year upward trend to a narrow range of fluctuations [1]. - The yield spread between the 10-year and 1-year government bonds remains at a historical low of 20 basis points, indicating a crowded and fragile trading structure [1]. Group 2: Economic Fundamentals - The macroeconomic fundamentals of the bond market remain stable, with structural issues in the Chinese economy still needing resolution, characterized by strong production but weak demand [2]. - The real estate market is in a phase of stabilization, and the long-term asset shortage is expected to persist, leading to a prolonged period of moderately loose monetary policy [2]. - The current dividend yield of the CSI All Share Index has dropped to around 2%, narrowing the gap with the 10-year government bond yield, thus enhancing the attractiveness of bonds [2]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The 10-year government bond yield is estimated to be reasonably priced between 1.8% and 1.9%, with a potential need for effective demand-side stimulus policies to break through this range [2]. - The bond market is expected to return to a healthier state as the central bank gradually loosens liquidity and resumes government bond trading [2].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of reading and understanding historical patterns, particularly in the context of economic cycles and debt crises, as outlined in Ray Dalio's book "Why Nations Fail: Big Cycles" [9][12][55]. Group 1: Debt Cycle Insights - The global economy is currently at a critical point in the "death spiral" of debt, with debt-to-GDP ratios in major economies like the US, China, Japan, and Europe reaching historical highs [12][34]. - Dalio warns of a 65% probability of a global debt restructuring crisis within the next five years, which could severely impact the dominance of the US dollar [12][34]. - The long-term debt cycle typically spans about 80 years, leading to significant debt bubbles and their eventual collapse, which is often exacerbated by excessive credit creation [15][16]. Group 2: Five Forces Shaping the Future - The five key forces influencing the future include debt cycles, internal and external order and chaos cycles, natural forces, and human creativity, particularly technological advancements [19][28][29]. - The internal order and chaos cycle reflects political fluctuations that can lead to significant changes in governance, typically occurring over an 80-year period [22][23]. - Technological advancements, especially in artificial intelligence, are expected to have a profound impact on various sectors, but they may not be sufficient to counteract the negative effects of debt and geopolitical tensions [30][37]. Group 3: Future Projections - The next five to ten years are anticipated to be a period of significant change, with many currently rising nations, companies, and individuals potentially facing decline [32][35]. - There is a high risk of simultaneous debt tightening and economic recession in the coming years, particularly in major economies that are heavily indebted [33]. - The rise of populism and political extremism is likely to lead to major political shifts, often towards more authoritarian regimes, as seen in various countries [35][36]. Group 4: Principles for Navigating Change - Dalio emphasizes the importance of understanding one's position within economic cycles and adhering to timeless principles to navigate uncertainty [38][40]. - Key principles include identifying and mitigating worst-case scenarios, diversifying risks, and fostering cooperation among individuals to achieve optimal outcomes [43][49][53]. - The article suggests that maintaining awareness of potential risks can provide a sense of security and freedom to pursue greater achievements [48].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights an upcoming live discussion featuring prominent figures in technology and economics, focusing on their new book "2049: The Possibilities of the Next 10,000 Days," which explores significant changes in technology, society, and the economy over the next 25 years [1]. Summary by Sections - The live event will feature Shitai Feng, a partner at Chongyang Investment, and Wu Chen, a renowned financial writer and former editor of "The Economist: Business Review," discussing the insights from their collaboration with Kevin Kelly, a notable technology thinker [1]. - Kevin Kelly is recognized for his foresight in predicting trends such as the internet, artificial intelligence, and the sharing economy, while Wu Chen is known for his deep exploration of technological innovation and global trends [1]. - The book "2049" serves not only as a futurist work but also as a guide for navigating uncertainties in the coming years, covering topics from "mirror worlds" to AI collaboration, genetic revolutions, and space economy [1].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the root causes of "involution" in the context of declining investment returns and risk appetite in the capital market, suggesting that addressing these issues is crucial for effective countermeasures against involution [1]. Group 1: Declining Investment Returns - The operating profit margin of large-scale manufacturing enterprises has been on a downward trend, with figures of 5.35%, 5%, and 4.63% for 2022, 2023, and 2024 respectively, further declining to 4.25% in the first five months of this year [5]. - The revenue generated per 100 yuan of assets for large-scale manufacturing enterprises has decreased from 107 yuan in 2022 to 92.3 yuan in 2024, dropping to 85.2 yuan in the first five months of this year [5]. Group 2: Involution in Competition - Increased operational pressures have led to intensified competition among enterprises, characterized as "involutionary competition," where companies resort to price cuts to gain market share, resulting in "increased volume without increased revenue" [10]. - The Producer Price Index (PPI) has been in negative growth for 33 consecutive months since October 2022, despite the value-added growth of large-scale manufacturing enterprises being 3%, 5%, and 6.1% for 2022, 2023, and 2024 respectively, and accelerating to 7% in the first half of this year [10]. Group 3: Supply-Demand Imbalance - The root cause of "involutionary competition" is identified as an oversupply in certain industries, with capacity utilization rates for large-scale manufacturing enterprises at 75.8%, 75.28%, and 75.2% for 2022, 2023, and 2024, further declining to 74.2% in the first half of this year [18]. - Manufacturing investment growth has outpaced overall investment growth since 2021, with manufacturing investment growth rates exceeding overall investment growth by 8.6, 4, 3.5, and 6 percentage points from 2021 to 2024 [19]. Group 4: Government Influence on Investment - Local governments are incentivized to boost manufacturing investment to meet GDP targets, leading to increased investment in new industries, which has resulted in overcapacity in sectors like photovoltaics, lithium batteries, and electric vehicles [31]. - The financial support for manufacturing has increased, with long-term loans for manufacturing growing at rates exceeding 40%, providing substantial funding for investment expansion [28]. Group 5: Consumer Behavior and Economic Structure - Consumer confidence has declined, with the income confidence index dropping from 124.95 in 2019 to 95.42 in 2024, while the average wage growth for urban non-private units has slowed to 2.8% in 2024 [32]. - The high savings rate in China, at 42.49% in 2023, is attributed to a preference for low-risk assets over riskier investments, reflecting a cautious consumer sentiment [40]. Group 6: Comparison with Past Economic Reforms - The current "anti-involution" initiative is likened to the supply-side structural reforms of a decade ago, focusing on enhancing product quality and addressing low-price competition, while also emphasizing the need to stimulate consumer demand [61]. - The article suggests that the strategies for "anti-involution" should prioritize reducing excess capacity and inefficient investments while increasing household income to boost consumption [61].