1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In 2025, the bond market may mainly rely on increased allocation by bank self - operations. The balance of China's bond market increased by 19.7 trillion in the first 11 months of 2025, and the incremental investment in self - operated bonds by the banking industry in the same period reached 14.3 trillion, accounting for 72.7% of the bond scale increment [2][31]. - Bank self - operated bond investment is mainly in interest - rate bonds, which have a significant impact on the pricing of interest - rate bonds. As of Q3 2025, the proportion of interest - rate bond holdings in bank self - operated bonds was 80.7% [36]. - The bond investment behavior of banks is mainly affected by three types of indicators: capital adequacy ratio requirements, liquidity regulatory indicators, and bank book interest rate risk indicators [3][45]. - Joint - stock banks are the main players in the secondary trading of interest - rate bonds, while the trading scale of large - state - owned banks and policy banks is relatively small. Since Q1 2023, the overall market trading activity has increased, especially significantly after 2025 [3][52]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Bank Self - Operated Financial Investment Composition, Scale Changes, and Structural Characteristics - **Composition and Scale Changes**: As of Q3 2025, the total financial investment scale of 42 listed banks was 101.5 trillion yuan. By statement account, the FVTPL account was 13.23 trillion yuan (13.0%), the FVOCI account was 29.87 trillion yuan (29.4%), and the AC account was 58.40 trillion yuan (57.5%). By asset category as of Q2 2025, bond investment was 79.08 trillion yuan (84.46%), equity investment was 0.86 trillion yuan (0.91%), and funds and other investments were 13.07 trillion yuan (13.96%). From Q4 2023 to Q3 2025, the investment scale of the FVOCI account increased significantly, mainly due to the growth of bond investment [8]. - **Structural Characteristics**: Credit bonds are mainly placed in the FVOCI account, and interest - rate bonds are mainly placed in the AC account. Among different types of banks, the proportion of the three accounts of large - state - owned banks and joint - stock banks is relatively stable, while the proportion of the AC category of city and rural commercial banks has decreased, and the FVOCI category of city commercial banks has increased, indicating a shift from allocation to trading thinking [2][14]. 3.2 Bond Market in 2025 - In 2025, the bond market may rely on increased allocation by bank self - operations. The government issued more bonds in 2025, and the weak credit demand led banks to significantly increase their bond investment. The year - on - year growth rate of the bond investment balance of various types of banks has increased significantly, and bond investment may become the main driving force for the expansion of bank asset scale [31][33]. 3.3 Bank Bond Investment Characteristics - **Investment Portfolio**: As of Q3 2025, bank self - operated bond holdings were 96.5 trillion yuan, mainly interest - rate bonds. Interest - rate bonds accounted for 80.7%, credit bonds accounted for 11.7%, negotiable certificates of deposit accounted for 5.7%, and other bonds accounted for 1.8%. Among interest - rate bonds, treasury bonds accounted for 33.3%, local government bonds accounted for 48.3%, and policy - bank bonds accounted for 17.8% [36]. - **Pricing Influence**: As of Q3 2025, bank self - operated bond holdings accounted for 48.21% of the total bond custody, having a significant impact on the bond market pricing, but the degree of influence varies by bond type. Bank self - operated interest - rate bond holdings accounted for 63.6% of the total interest - rate bond custody, having a significant impact on pricing [44]. 3.4 Bank Bond - Allocation Indicator Constraints - **Capital Adequacy Ratio Requirements**: The risk weights of treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds are 0, the risk weights of local general bonds and special bonds are 10% and 20% respectively, and the risk weights of general corporate bonds and non - bank financial institution ordinary bonds are 75% - 100% [3][47]. - **Liquidity Regulatory Indicators**: The liquidity coverage ratio is relatively relevant to bank self - operated bond investment behavior. Treasury bonds are included in qualified high - quality liquid assets at market price, while credit bonds are given a discount coefficient according to credit ratings [47]. - **Bank Book Interest Rate Risk Indicators**: For large - state - owned banks, joint - stock banks, and Postal Savings Bank, when the maximum economic value change exceeds 15% of their Tier - 1 capital (ΔEVE > 15%), regulatory attention will be drawn [47]. 3.5 Bank Self - Operated Secondary Trading Characteristics - **Interest - Rate Bond Secondary Trading**: Joint - stock banks are the main players in the secondary trading of interest - rate bonds. The trading activity of the whole market has increased since Q1 2023, especially significantly after 2025. The trading scale of large - state - owned banks and policy banks is relatively small [3][52]. - **Credit Bond Secondary Trading**: The trading scale of credit bonds is relatively limited, and the single - quarter trading amount of bank self - operations is generally below 1 trillion yuan [54]. - **Ultra - Long - Term Interest - Rate Bond Secondary Trading**: The secondary trading of ultra - long - term interest - rate bonds in the banking system shows the characteristics of "net reduction trend remains unchanged, and selling pressure converges marginally". Different types of banks have different trading behaviors [56].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the banking industry [1] Core Insights - The implementation of six fiscal and financial policies aims to stimulate domestic demand, focusing on structural optimization and interest margin improvement [3] - The fiscal interest subsidies, typically between 1-1.5 percentage points, are designed to lower overall financing costs, boost investment and consumption demand, and guide financial resources towards key areas such as technology innovation and support for small and micro enterprises [3] - The report highlights that the fiscal policies will positively support banks in optimizing their structures and stabilizing interest margins, with expectations of a narrowing decline in interest margins due to the upcoming maturity of high-interest fixed deposits in 2026 [3] - The establishment of a 500 billion yuan special guarantee plan for private investment and the optimization of risk-sharing mechanisms for corporate bonds are expected to enhance banks' asset quality and increase their willingness to issue long-term loans [3] - The report suggests that the collaborative fiscal and financial policies will directly benefit credit growth, structural optimization, and risk expectation improvement, while the stable interest margin guidance remains unchanged [3] Summary by Sections Banking Industry - The report emphasizes the positive impact of fiscal policies on credit growth and structural optimization, with a focus on improving risk expectations and stabilizing interest margins [3] - Specific recommendations for individual banks include Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Postal Savings Bank of China, Jiangsu Bank, Hangzhou Bank, and China Merchants Bank [3]

意见领袖丨新金融联盟NFA "未来，零售金融将呈现四个'新'：新趋势，聚焦新兴需求场景；新场景，激活账户级客户价值；新产 品，场景反向定义产品；新服务，跨界培育生态。" ——重庆富民银行董事长（拟任）兼行长 赵卫星 "消费金融与财富金融是助推国家经济增长的重要两翼，二者相互赋能、深度联动，蕴藏巨大发展空 间。现代财富管理要从'药店模式'转向'中药铺模式'，用AI的立体面服务替代单点触达，激活普惠性财 富需求。" ——邮储银行个人金融部副总经理 赵晓丹 "面对海量客户，科技应用是消费金融的必然选择。未来科技投入需向客群上移的目标倾斜，不仅聚焦 风控，更要着力解决客服、催收、定价问题：通过科技手段降低投诉量、提升品牌好感度、优化客户体 验、增强客户黏性，从而吸引优质客户。" ——马上消费金融副总经理 孙磊 1月10日，在"数智银行家2025年会暨新金融联盟九周年庆典"上，多位嘉宾在主题为"新经营环境下零售 金融的挑战与应对"的圆桌对话上表达了上述观点。 清华大学五道口金融学院教授、中国人民银行参事张健华主持本场圆桌对话，重庆富民银行董事长（拟 任）兼行长赵卫星、邮储银行个人金融部副总经理赵晓丹、马上消费金融副总经 ...

在"十四五"收官、"十五五"启程的关键节点，2025年中央经济工作会议为金融行业未来发展擘画重点： 2026年继续实施适度宽松的货币政策，加力支持扩大内需、科技创新、中小微企业等重点领域，着力提 升金融服务实体经济的质效。邮储银行（601658）江苏省分行以一系列精准、高效、有温度的金融服 务，为不同类型、不同规模的经营主体注入发展动能。 精准滴灌创新沃土 金融"活水"激发传统产业新动能 中央经济工作会议强调"坚持创新驱动，加紧培育壮大新动能"，提出要"实施新一轮重点产业链高质量 发展行动"。镇江醋企刘恒记食品有限公司研发高端产品面临资金难题。邮储银行镇江市分行创新金融 产品，提供三年期稳定贷款，支持企业技术升级，助力传统产业向高端化迈进。 深耕乡村特色资源 金融"甘霖"润泽共同富裕之路 中央经济工作会议将"坚持协调发展，促进城乡融合和区域联动"列为重点任务，明确要"统筹推进以县 城为重要载体的城镇化建设和乡村全面振兴"，部署"制定实施城乡居民增收计划"。泰兴江源农牧有限 公司发展螃蟹养殖时，为预付塘租发愁。邮储银行泰兴市支行主动对接，三天内发放300万元贷款解 急，还以龙头企业为牵引，带动超200户养殖户获 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance has announced an optimization of the personal consumption loan interest subsidy policy, which includes expanding the scope of eligible loans and extending the policy period until the end of 2026, allowing each borrower to receive a maximum subsidy of 3000 yuan [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Changes - The new policy includes the inclusion of credit card installment payments in the subsidy support range and the removal of previous restrictions on certain consumption areas [1][2]. - The subsidy limit for individual borrowers has been increased to 3000 yuan per year, with the previous limits on single transaction amounts and total loan amounts being removed [2]. - The policy now allows for subsidies on all types of consumption loans, not just those in specific categories such as home appliances or education [2]. Group 2: Implementation and Participation - Major banks, including Agricultural Bank, Bank of China, and others, have begun to implement the new subsidy measures, with over 500 financial institutions now eligible to process these loans [1][2]. - The implementation period for the credit card installment subsidy is set for the entire year of 2026, and customers can apply for retroactive subsidies for transactions made between January 1, 2026, and the announcement date [3][4]. Group 3: Consumer Guidance - Banks have emphasized that there will be no fees charged for processing personal consumption loans and credit card installment subsidies, and they will not work with third-party intermediaries [5][6]. - Customers are advised to apply for loans through official channels and to be cautious of fraudulent activities related to loan applications [6].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance has announced an optimization of the personal consumption loan interest subsidy policy, which includes expanding the scope of eligible loans and extending the policy period until the end of 2026, allowing each borrower to receive a maximum subsidy of 3,000 yuan [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Changes - The subsidy policy now includes credit card installment payments and removes previous restrictions on certain consumption areas, allowing all types of consumption loans to qualify for subsidies [1][2]. - The maximum subsidy limit of 500 yuan per single transaction and the previous cap of 1,000 yuan for loans under 50,000 yuan have been eliminated, enabling borrowers to receive a total of 3,000 yuan in subsidies annually [2]. Group 2: Implementation and Participation - Major banks such as Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, and others have already begun implementing the new subsidy measures, with over 500 financial institutions now eligible to process these loans [1][2]. - The policy aims to enhance accessibility for consumers in urban and rural areas by including city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, foreign banks, and consumer finance companies [2]. Group 3: Credit Card Installment Subsidy - The credit card installment subsidy policy will be effective throughout 2026, and customers can apply for retroactive subsidies for installments made between January 1, 2026, and the policy announcement date [3][4]. - Banks require customers to sign a supplementary agreement to benefit from the subsidy on credit card installments, ensuring compliance with the policy [3][4]. Group 4: Consumer Protection and Compliance - Banks emphasize that no fees will be charged for processing personal consumption loans and credit card installment subsidies, and they will not engage third-party intermediaries [5][6]. - Strict measures are in place to prevent fraudulent activities related to loan applications, and any violations will be recorded in the borrower's credit history [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance has announced an optimization of the personal consumption loan interest subsidy policy, which includes expanding the scope of eligible loans and extending the policy period until the end of 2026, allowing each borrower to receive a maximum subsidy of 3,000 yuan [1][2] Group 1: Policy Changes - The new policy includes the inclusion of credit card installment payments for interest subsidies and the removal of previous restrictions on certain consumption areas [1][2] - The subsidy limit for individual borrowers has been increased to 3,000 yuan per year, with no cap on single transaction subsidies [1][2] - The policy now allows for any type of consumption loan to qualify for interest subsidies, broadening the eligible categories significantly [2] Group 2: Implementation and Participation - Over 500 financial institutions, including city commercial banks and foreign banks, are now authorized to implement the new subsidy measures, with expectations for local small and medium banks to follow suit [2] - Banks are actively marketing consumption loans during the "opening season," with annualized interest rates starting at 3%, potentially dropping to as low as 2% with the subsidy [2] Group 3: Credit Card Subsidy Details - The credit card installment interest subsidy policy will be effective throughout 2026, applicable only to RMB bills [2][3] - Customers must sign a supplementary agreement to benefit from the subsidy, and banks will not charge any fees for processing these loans [3][4] - Banks emphasize the importance of legitimate transactions and warn against fraudulent activities related to loan applications [4]

《通知》发布后，农业银行（601288）、中国银行（601988）、交通银行（601328）、邮储银行 （601658）等多家银行迅速响应，第一时间公布落地细则及客户常见问题解答，确保政策红利快速直达 居民。 上海金融与发展实验室主任曾刚对《证券日报》记者表示，此次政策升级的核心突破在于实现了全场 景、全工具、全机构、强激励的普惠化转型，将此前"限领域、限工具、限额度、限机构"的局部支持政 策，升级为覆盖更广、门槛更低、激励更强的消费信贷支持体系，构建起"财政贴息+金融让利+居民受 惠"的良性循环机制。 此次政策调整是对2025年8月份推出的个人消费贷款财政贴息政策的深度优化，主要涵盖延长实施期 限、扩大政策支持范围与经办机构范围、优化贴息标准等方面。 1月20日，财政部、中国人民银行、国家金融监督管理总局联合发布《关于优化实施个人消费贷款财政 贴息政策有关事项的通知》（以下简称《通知》），标志着个人消费贷"国补"政策再度加码。 针对新旧政策衔接问题，中国银行明确表示，已完成贴息申请的贷款无需重新签署协议，自2026年1月1 日起发生的消费交易将自动适用最新政策；交通银行同步回应，前期已签署贴息服务协议的贷款 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent policy optimization aims to lower consumer costs and activate consumption potential while reinforcing risk control measures to combat illegal arbitrage [1][5]. Group 1: Policy Implementation - Multiple banks, including Agricultural Bank, Bank of Communications, Postal Savings Bank, and China Merchants Bank, announced the implementation of the personal consumption loan interest subsidy policy as per the notification issued on January 16, 2026, effective from January 1, 2026 [1][2]. - The notification expands the scope of interest subsidies by removing previous restrictions on consumption areas, allowing residents to enjoy subsidies for various consumption fields and new credit card installment bills, provided they meet authenticity and compliance requirements [2][5]. Group 2: Application Process - Banks have clarified the application process for interest subsidies, with Agricultural Bank allowing customers to apply through mobile banking and customer service hotlines, while Bank of Communications offers an app for checking subsidy amounts and transaction details [3][4]. Group 3: Risk Control Measures - Banks have emphasized that they do not charge any fees for processing interest subsidies and will not engage third-party intermediaries for these services, aiming to protect customers from fraud [4][5]. - Experts have highlighted the risks posed by illegal intermediaries who may fabricate consumption purposes and documents to exploit the subsidy system, leading to potential financial disorder [5][6]. - A multi-layered risk control system has been established, involving banks, financial regulatory bodies, and the Ministry of Finance to monitor loan purposes and fund flows, ensuring compliance and accountability [6].

Core Insights - Postal Savings Bank of China (PSBC) is enhancing financial support for manufacturing sector champions and innovative enterprises through various measures since 2025, including policy incentives, product innovation, and service optimization [1] Group 1: Financial Support Initiatives - PSBC has introduced a specialized product called "Sci-Tech Loan" with a maximum credit limit of 100 million yuan, significantly exceeding conventional credit products, and offers a 15 basis points discount on internal fund transfer pricing [1] - A professional service team has been established, including two dedicated technology branches and 14 specialized small enterprise credit managers to provide tailored financial services [1] Group 2: Product Offerings - The bank has developed a diverse financial product matrix, including "Sci-Tech Loan" and "Sci-Tech e-Loan," which cater to various needs of technology-based SMEs and high-tech enterprises, allowing multiple collateral options such as credit and intellectual property pledges [2] - The "Sci-Tech e-Loan" utilizes an online model for rapid approval, significantly enhancing financing convenience [2] Group 3: Service Efficiency - PSBC has implemented a green approval channel for manufacturing champions, adopting a parallel operation model to improve approval efficiency and meet comprehensive financing needs [3] - The bank has successfully provided a 100 million yuan medium to long-term working capital loan to Binhu Chemical Group, a key client, through the green channel, and has also facilitated electricity bill financing, with a balance of 65 million yuan as of November 2025 [3] Group 4: Future Plans - PSBC aims to further deepen financial services for manufacturing champions, continuously optimize policy support, enrich product offerings, and enhance service efficiency to assist enterprises in overcoming key technological challenges and optimizing industrial structures [3]