1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Zinc prices are under pressure from above and supported from below, with no clear direction. The short - term is expected to maintain range consolidation. Unilateral strategies should focus on high - selling and low - buying, and arbitrage strategies can consider going long on the Shanghai - London ratio [3][65][66]. - The tight pattern of the zinc ore end is expected to continue until the first quarter of next year. The TC has changed from rising to falling, and the industrial chain profit has shifted from the smelter end to the ore end again. The inventory trends at home and abroad are diverging [2][62][63]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Total Overview - In August 2025, the global zinc market supply surplus expanded to 47,900 tons. From January to August 2025, the global refined zinc supply surplus was 154,000 tons. From July to August 2025, the global zinc concentrate cumulative output was 2.1712 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 11.57%. From January to August 2025, the global refined zinc output was 9.1482 million tons, basically the same as the cumulative output of last year [11]. - The statistical sample of this report shows that the zinc concentrate output in the third quarter of 2025 was 1.4424 million tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 0.95% and a year - on - year increase of 8.20%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 4.254 million tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 6.31% [11]. 3.2 Glencore - In 2025, Glencore's zinc concentrate production guidance was adjusted to 94 - 980,000 tons. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 244,200 tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 2.94% and a year - on - year increase of 7.86%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 709,400 tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 10.22% [19]. 3.3 Teck - In 2025, Teck's zinc concentrate production guidance was 525,000 - 575,000 tons. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 150,500 tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 10.68% and a year - on - year decrease of 4.59%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 456,400 tons, a cumulative year - on - year decrease of 2.81% [24]. 3.4 Boliden - In the third quarter of 2025, Boliden's zinc concentrate output was 108,000 tons, a quarter - on - quarter increase of 5.08% and a year - on - year increase of 17.75%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 317,600 tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 21.12% [27]. 3.5 Vedanta - In the third quarter of 2025, Vedanta's zinc concentrate output was 262,000 tons, a quarter - on - quarter increase of 1.16% and a year - on - year increase of 8.26%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 785,000 tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 5.65% [32]. 3.6 Nexa - In 2025, Nexa's zinc concentrate production guidance was 300,000 - 336,000 tons. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 83,700 tons, a quarter - on - quarter increase of 13.88% and a year - on - year increase of 1.21%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 224,500 tons, a cumulative year - on - year decrease of 11.05% [37]. 3.7 MMG - In 2025, MMG's zinc concentrate production guidance was 215,000 - 240,000 tons. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 58,700 tons, a quarter - on - quarter increase of 4.58% and a year - on - year increase of 26.49%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 166,700 tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 6.85% [44]. 3.8 Newmont Goldcorp - In 2025, Newmont's zinc concentrate production guidance was 236,000 tons. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 59,000 tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 11.52% and a year - on - year increase of 2.42%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 184,700 tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 2.30% [47][48]. 3.9 BHP - In the 2025 fiscal year, BHP's zinc concentrate production guidance was 90,000 - 110,000 tons. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 36,000 tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 10.95% and a year - on - year increase of 85.77%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 102,400 tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 91.03% [49]. 3.10 South32 - In the 2026 fiscal year, South32's zinc concentrate production guidance was 40,000 tons, a decrease compared with the 2025 fiscal year. In the third quarter of 2025, the zinc concentrate output was 8,300 tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 21.70% and a year - on - year decrease of 31.40%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 29,900 tons, a cumulative year - on - year decrease of 31.74% [50][51]. 3.11 Grupo Mexico - SCC - In 2025, SCC's zinc concentrate production guidance was 174,700 tons, a slight increase compared with the previous period. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 45,500 tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 0.89% and a year - on - year increase of 46.42%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 130,800 tons, a cumulative year - on - year increase of 50.55% [52]. 3.12 Industrials Pelones - In the third quarter of 2025, Pelones' zinc concentrate output was 63,200 tons, a quarter - on - quarter increase of 5.02% and a year - on - year decrease of 11.33%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 181,000 tons, a cumulative year - on - year decrease of 13.68% [54]. 3.13 Fresnillo plc - In 2025, Fresnillo plc's zinc concentrate production guidance was 93,000 - 103,000 tons. In the third quarter, the zinc concentrate output was 24,700 tons, a quarter - on - quarter decrease of 12.91% and a year - on - year decrease of 23.41%. The cumulative output in the first three quarters was 78,400 tons, a cumulative year - on - year decrease of 10.61% [57]. 3.14 Market Outlook - The tight pattern of the ore end is expected to continue until the first quarter of next year. The TC has changed from rising to falling, and the industrial chain profit has shifted from the smelter end to the ore end again. The domestic and foreign inventory trends are diverging. Zinc prices are under pressure from above and supported from below, with no clear direction [62][63][65].

BHP can be held liable over the 2015 collapse of a dam in southeastern Brazil, London’s High Court has ruled, in a lawsuit the claimants’ lawyers previously valued at up to $48.32 billion.Hundreds of thousands of Brazilians, dozens of local governments and around 2000 businesses sued BHP over the collapse of the Fundao dam in Mariana, southeastern Brazil, which was owned and operated by BHP and Vale’s Samarco joint venture.Brazil’s worst environmental disaster unleashed a wave of toxic sludge that killed 19 ...

Core Viewpoint - BHP can be held liable for the 2015 dam collapse in southeastern Brazil, as ruled by London's High Court [1] Group 1 - The ruling indicates potential legal and financial repercussions for BHP regarding the incident [1]

Project Overview and Latest Developments - The Simandou iron ore project in southeastern Guinea is one of the largest undeveloped mines globally, with iron ore reserves of 2.4 billion tons and a total resource estimate nearing 5 billion tons, featuring high-grade ore with a content of 66%-67% [2] - The project includes a vertically integrated mining operation and unprecedented infrastructure development in Guinea, with a total designed annual capacity of 120 million tons from its four mining blocks [2] - The project is a joint investment exceeding $20 billion, involving multiple stakeholders including China Baowu, Rio Tinto, and the Guinean government [2] Transportation Infrastructure - A comprehensive transportation system has been constructed, including a 650-kilometer railway connecting the inland mine to the coast and a port with a total export capacity of 120 million tons per year [3] - The total investment in the transportation infrastructure is approximately $12.3 billion, with $8.8 billion allocated for rail and $3.5 billion for port facilities [3] Production and Economic Impact - The project officially commenced commercial operations on November 11, 2025, with an expected GDP growth contribution of 26% for Guinea by 2030 [4] - The first shipment of 2 million tons of iron ore departed for China, with annual shipments projected to be between 2.5 million and 3 million tons in 2025 [4] - Production will ramp up gradually, with expectations of reaching 60 million tons annually by 2026 [5] Market Influence - The project is set to alter the global iron ore supply landscape, potentially increasing Africa's share from 3% to 10%-15% by 2030, while reducing Australia's share from 60% to 45%-50% [6][7] - Upon full production, Simandou will add 120 million tons of high-grade iron ore to the market, accounting for approximately 5% of global supply [7] Pricing Dynamics - The project is expected to challenge the existing pricing structure dominated by Australian and Brazilian companies, enhancing China's bargaining power in iron ore negotiations [8][10] - The introduction of a new pricing index, the "North Iron Index," will directly compete with traditional pricing benchmarks [9] Steel Industry Transformation - The high-grade iron ore from Simandou is anticipated to drive upgrades in the steel industry, supporting lower carbon emissions and aligning with global green steel trends [11] - The project is expected to reduce steel production costs by 10%-15%, saving over 20 billion yuan annually for Chinese steel companies [11][12] Cost Structure and Future Projections - The production cost of Simandou is estimated to be between $60-$70 per ton, competitive with other major producers despite higher infrastructure costs [13] - In the medium to long term, the project is likely to lead to a decline in iron ore prices, with projections suggesting a drop to $70-$80 per ton over the next 2-5 years [15]

Core Viewpoint - The mining giants showcased their transformation at the recently concluded China International Import Expo, highlighting a shift from traditional iron ore to new energy metals and low-carbon technologies, particularly copper, which is emerging as a key focus for several iron ore companies [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Trends - Major mining companies like Vale, Rio Tinto, and BHP are diversifying their product offerings, moving beyond iron ore to include new energy metals in response to the plateauing demand for steel [2]. - The competition in the industry is evolving from a "black" (traditional) to a "green" (sustainable) focus, with companies exploring ways to produce greener iron ore and assist downstream steel producers in reducing carbon emissions [1][2]. Group 2: Company Strategies - Vale's financial report indicates that iron ore remains its primary product, generating $8.423 billion in net revenue for Q3 2025, while copper and nickel revenues were significantly lower at $1.086 billion and $1.01 billion, respectively [4]. - Vale is also expanding its copper production capacity in Brazil, with plans to increase annual output by 32% to approximately 350,000 tons by 2030, aiming for a long-term target of 700,000 tons [4]. - BHP's interest in copper is evident from its previous attempts to acquire Anglo American for £31.1 billion (approximately $38.8 billion), which would have made it the largest copper producer globally [4]. Group 3: Green Initiatives - Mining companies are increasingly integrating sustainability into their operations, with Vale showcasing its eco-friendly iron ore products that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from steel production by up to 10% [6][9]. - BHP is utilizing innovative methods to convert carbon dioxide into high-value products, while Rio Tinto is developing technologies that significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions during aluminum production [9].

Core Viewpoint - BHP has been ordered by Australia's Federal Court to compensate 85 coal mine workers for unlawfully requiring them to work during Christmas and Boxing Day holidays [1] Group 1: Legal and Regulatory Implications - The Federal Court's ruling highlights the legal obligations of companies regarding holiday work and employee rights [1] - The case emphasizes the importance of compliance with labor laws in the mining industry [1] Group 2: Impact on Workforce - The compensation order affects 85 workers employed by BHP's labor hire arm in Queensland, indicating potential financial implications for the company [1] - This ruling may influence BHP's labor practices and policies moving forward to avoid similar legal issues [1]

Group 1 - The Chilean Copper Commission (Cochilco) reported a decline of over 7% in copper production from Codelco, reaching 115,600 tons by September 2025 [1] - The Escondida copper mine, owned by BHP, saw an increase in copper production of nearly 17%, totaling 118,600 tons [1] - The Collahuasi project experienced a significant drop in copper production, decreasing by 26% to 38,000 tons [1]

Group 1: Report Overview - The report is a zinc special report dated November 10, 2025, focusing on the Q3 financial reports of overseas zinc mines [4][8][12] Group 2: Overseas Mine Production Overseas Part - Mine Output Aggregation - The report provides a detailed table of the production of overseas mining enterprises from 2021Q1 to 2025Q3, including Vedanta, Glencore, TECK, etc. The total production shows fluctuations over different quarters and years, with varying year - on - year growth rates [16] Global Zinc Concentrate Annual Output - The annual output and year - on - year growth rate of global zinc concentrate from 2017 to 2025E are presented. The output in 2025E is expected to be 1262.05 million tons, with a year - on - year growth of 5.90% [70] Zinc Concentrate Production Change Forecast - In 2025, overseas mines are expected to have a net increase of 59.49 million tons in production, with new mines, production increases, restarts, and some mines reducing production or shutting down. Domestic mines are expected to have a new production increase of 10.80 million tons, with a total global net increase of 70.29 million tons [73] - Forecasts for production changes from 2026 - 2030 are also provided, with a total net increase of 23.27 million tons in 2026, 5.60 million tons in 2027, 12.10 million tons in 2028, 6.30 million tons in 2029, and 0.70 million tons in 2030 [75]

Summary of Global Metals & Mining Conference Call Industry Overview - The mining industry is facing challenges in organic production growth due to slow permitting processes, geopolitical instability, and shareholder expectations for dividends and buybacks. This has made inorganic growth through mergers and acquisitions (M&A) more attractive [1][2][3]. Key Trends in M&A Activity - Historically, high sector EBITDA margins correlate with increased M&A activity. Current margins are slightly above long-term averages, suggesting a potential increase in M&A deals if commodity prices remain stable [2][14]. - Recent M&A activity has been robust, with notable deals including RIO & Arcadium Lithium, BHP/Lundin & Filo, and potential transactions involving Anglo American and Teck [2][6]. Credit Environment and M&A - M&A activity tends to thrive in periods of low yield spreads and when banks loosen lending standards. The current credit backdrop, characterized by lower dollar interest rates and relaxed lending policies, supports the expectation of continued M&A activity [3][17]. M&A Deal Volume and Value - In 2023 and 2024, gold dominated M&A activity with nearly half of the deal volume at $48 billion, followed by iron ore at $20 billion. Copper deals totaled $11.7 billion, indicating a significant interest in this commodity [4][33]. - Between 2016 and 2024, copper pureplays invested $96 billion in organic capex, while copper M&A totaled $74 billion. This trend raises concerns about potential future copper deficits by 2029 [5][6]. Future M&A Opportunities - Potential future M&A opportunities include the anticipated Anglo-American and Teck transaction, as well as possible mergers between Newmont and Barrick. The scarcity of medium-sized pure-play copper companies like Ivanhoe and First Quantum may drive further acquisitions [6][9]. Investment Ratings and Price Targets - Outperform ratings are given to companies such as ABX, FCX, and RIO, with RIO's price target increased from GBP 50.00 to GBP 52.00 based on Q3 production results [9][10]. - Market-Perform ratings are assigned to AAL, ANTO, BHP, and others, with adjustments made to price targets reflecting recent production results and exchange rate changes [10][12][13]. Conclusion - The mining industry is entering a potentially robust period for M&A activity, driven by favorable credit conditions and high EBITDA margins. Companies are likely to focus on acquiring existing assets to bolster production, particularly in the copper sector, amidst concerns of future supply deficits [1][3][5].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's significant progress in gaining pricing power over iron ore, transitioning from a passive role to one where it can influence negotiations and pricing, a change that has taken 30 years to achieve [1]. Group 1: Historical Context - From 1980 to 2009, international iron ore pricing was dominated by a few mining companies and steel mills, leaving Chinese steel mills with no bargaining power [3]. - After the collapse of the long-term contract system in 2009, financial capital entered the market, leading to a new pricing mechanism based on the Platts index, which shifted the focus from supply-demand to financial speculation [3][10]. Group 2: Strategic Developments - China has established its own iron ore price index, incorporating domestic supply and demand, which has helped break the monopoly of the Platts index [3]. - The Chinese government has promoted resource integration by forming large state-owned enterprises to consolidate purchasing power, enhancing negotiation strength [5]. Group 3: Changes in Transaction Methods - A significant shift has occurred in settlement methods, moving from dollar-denominated transactions to negotiations in RMB, which represents a strategic move away from the dollar system [6][8]. - The development of the Simandou mine in Guinea, where Chinese companies have become key stakeholders, provides a strategic supply advantage [6][8]. Group 4: Infrastructure and Supply Chain Control - China's investment in infrastructure, including railways and ports, has enabled efficient transportation of iron ore, demonstrating control over the entire supply chain [8]. - With established pricing indices, centralized purchasing, and reliable supply sources, China can now negotiate from a position of strength, impacting the profitability of mining companies [8][10]. Group 5: International Reactions and Future Outlook - International reactions have been marked by surprise, acknowledging a potential shift in the global iron ore pricing landscape due to China's long-term strategic investments [10]. - The current situation reflects a significant change from being excluded from pricing discussions to being able to set conditions, indicating a gradual but impactful transformation in the industry [12].