Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emerging "no firing, no hiring" trend in the U.S. job market as 2025 comes to a close, highlighting concerns over job stability amid rising household debt and economic uncertainty [3]. Employment Stability Risks - According to a Mercer survey, job stability has become the second biggest concern for U.S. workers in 2025, following the ability to cover monthly living expenses [4]. - The fear of unemployment has surged from the seventh position in 2023 to the second position in 2025, indicating a significant shift in worker priorities [4]. - Despite a reported GDP growth of 4.3% in Q3, there is a disconnect between macroeconomic data and individual experiences, with many feeling economic pressure due to high inflation and market volatility [5]. Household Debt Reaches New Highs - U.S. household debt reached a record high of $18.6 trillion in Q3 2025, complicating the Federal Reserve's monetary policy decisions [8]. - The Federal Reserve is expected to lower interest rates only once or twice in 2026, which may not provide significant relief for indebted Americans [8]. - The largest portion of household debt is mortgage debt, totaling $13.07 trillion, while credit card debt stands at $1.23 trillion and auto loans at $1.66 trillion [8]. Economic Outlook and Consumer Sentiment - The unemployment rate rose to 4.6% in November, the highest in four years, with a concentration of new jobs in the healthcare sector [6]. - Consumer confidence has declined significantly, with a nearly 30% drop in the consumer confidence index compared to the same period in 2024 [6]. - A survey indicated that 63% of respondents expect unemployment to rise further in the coming year, reflecting a pessimistic outlook on the economy [6].

Core Insights - The U.S. GDP grew by 4.3% in Q3, marking the fastest growth in two years, driven primarily by consumer spending and significant investments in artificial intelligence infrastructure [1][2] Consumer Spending - Consumer spending in Q3 saw an annualized growth rate of 3.5%, becoming the main engine of economic growth, with notable contributions from healthcare services, international travel, legal services, and technology products [2][3] - The top 10% of income earners in the U.S. accounted for nearly half of total consumer spending, supported by a booming stock market that bolstered high-end consumption and service demand [2][3] Artificial Intelligence Investment - Investment in artificial intelligence has slowed from previous highs but still contributed significantly to economic growth, with AI-related investments and high-income household consumption together accounting for nearly 70% of the growth in the quarter [3][4] Economic Imbalances - The economic growth is characterized by imbalances, with consumer confidence indices remaining low and durable goods spending slowing down, reflecting public concerns over high prices and the job market [3][4] - Non-residential fixed asset investment showed signs of weakness, and residential investment declined for the second consecutive quarter, with an annualized drop of 5.1% [3][4] Inflation and Income Dynamics - The core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index rose to an annualized rate of 2.9%, up from 2.6% in the previous quarter, indicating a slight uptick in inflation [3][4] - After adjusting for inflation, disposable personal income remained flat, suggesting that income growth is barely keeping pace with rising prices, which is particularly challenging for low-income households [3][4] Household Debt Trends - U.S. household debt reached a record high of $18.6 trillion in Q3 2025, with mortgage debt being the largest component at $13.07 trillion [4][5] - The credit market is experiencing a "K-shaped" divergence, where low-income households face increasing financial pressure, while high-income borrowers benefit from stock market gains and rising property values [5]

Group 1 - The growth rate of household debt in South Korea has slowed down in Q3 2024 due to government measures aimed at cooling the real estate market, but the overall scale remains at historically high levels [1][2] - In Q3, total household credit increased by 14.9 trillion KRW, with a quarter-on-quarter growth of 0.8%, a decrease from the previous quarter's growth rate [1] - The Bank of Korea is expected to maintain the current interest rate level for an extended period, with some economists predicting no rate changes until the end of 2026 [2][3] Group 2 - Despite the slowdown in debt expansion, the absolute level of household debt remains high, posing systemic financial risks, leading to a cautious monetary policy stance [2] - Recent economic data, including a rise in inflation and better-than-expected GDP growth in Q3, indicate that the Bank of Korea is not in a hurry to further ease monetary policy [2] - The unemployment rate in October slightly increased to 2.6% from 2.5% in September, while manufacturing employment showed signs of recovery after four months of decline [2][3] Group 3 - The Bank of Korea's monetary policy adjustments will depend on upcoming data, with the current stance favoring a continuation of the monetary easing cycle [3] - The central bank's policy path is primarily driven by domestic conditions, although U.S. rate cuts could provide more room for independent action [3] - The final monetary policy meeting of the year is scheduled for November 27, with expectations that the benchmark interest rate will remain unchanged due to various factors including household debt pressure and stable employment [3]

Core Insights - The average household debt in Thailand has increased by 22% compared to last year, reaching a four-year high of 740,596 Thai Baht [1] - The rise in debt is attributed to emergency expenses, economic burdens, insufficient income due to an economic crisis, and rising living costs [1] - There is a notable decline in formal debt while informal debt has significantly increased compared to last year, indicating tighter credit supply in the formal economy [1] - Data from the Bank of Thailand supports these findings, showing a slowdown in loan growth and an expected increase in non-performing loans [1]

Core Insights - The Bank of Korea reported that household credit reached a record high of 1952.8 trillion won in Q2 2023, marking an increase of 24.6 trillion won from the previous quarter, the largest increase since Q3 2021 [1] - Household loans have been growing for five consecutive quarters after a decline in Q1 2022 due to monetary tightening [1] Household Loan Breakdown - The total household loan balance was 1832.6 trillion won, with housing mortgage loans accounting for 1148.2 trillion won, an increase of 14.9 trillion won [1] - Other loans amounted to 684.4 trillion won, increasing by 8.2 trillion won [1] - Policy loans reached 331.2 trillion won, representing 28.8% of housing mortgage loans, although the proportion slightly decreased despite an increase of 2.6 trillion won [1] Financial Institution Contributions - Commercial banks held 993.7 trillion won in household loans, up by 19.3 trillion won [1] - Non-bank financial institutions reported a loan balance of 314.2 trillion won, continuing a growth trend for three consecutive quarters [1] Market Dynamics - The rise in household loans is attributed to increased demand for housing mortgages driven by active residential transactions, alongside expanded demand for credit loans and financing from securities companies [1] - It is anticipated that the ratio of household debt to GDP will see a slight increase in the first half of this year [1]

Group 1: Stock Valuation - Despite high interest rates, increased uncertainty, and rising geopolitical risks, U.S. stock valuations remain at their highest level since the late 1990s, raising concerns about potential disconnection from fundamentals [3] - Goldman Sachs' investment strategy model indicates that the fundamental drivers can explain most of the current high valuations, but not all, with the predicted price-to-earnings ratio at 20.7 times compared to the actual 22.4 times, while the average since 1990 is 15.9 times [3] - The speculative trading index suggests current risks are elevated, highlighted by the trading of "meme stocks," indicating a particularly high market risk appetite [3] Group 2: Housing Prices - Although the Financial Excess Monitor indicates some risks in housing prices, Goldman Sachs is less concerned as current high prices reflect a persistent supply-demand imbalance in single-family homes rather than loose lending standards or speculative purchases [4] - The shortage of single-family homes may continue for some time, limiting the risk of significant price declines, and loose lending standards are not the primary driver of rising home prices, as the median credit score for mortgage issuance remains slightly above pre-pandemic levels [4] Group 3: Household Debt - Investors are primarily concerned about low savings rates, which may prompt households to reduce consumption and increase savings due to economic uncertainties from the Russia-Ukraine conflict [5] - Goldman Sachs' global investment research model shows that low savings rates align with fundamental drivers, particularly high household wealth [5] - Concerns about rising consumer credit delinquency rates indicating financial fragility are mitigated, as the increase mainly reflects inadvertent risk loans rather than a deterioration in household financial conditions, with delinquency rates stabilizing [5] Group 4: Corporate Debt - Corporate interest expenses have significantly increased in recent years, but the impact appears limited so far [6] - Goldman Sachs estimates that refinancing debt due in the next two years will only increase interest expenses by 3%, down from a previous estimate of 7%, reflecting that much of the debt has been refinanced at higher rates and corporate debt rates have significantly decreased [6] Group 5: Fiscal Sustainability - The greatest medium- to long-term risk for the U.S. may arise if debt and corresponding interest expenses grow large enough, necessitating sustained fiscal surpluses to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio, which may be difficult to maintain [7] - It is challenging to predict when the market will become more concerned about this issue, but any resulting upward pressure on interest rates could tighten broader financial conditions, especially given already high asset valuations, potentially hindering economic growth [7]

Core Viewpoint - The Vice Governor of the Bank of Korea stated that household debt has become a significant factor in monetary policy [1] Group 1 - Household debt levels in South Korea are influencing the central bank's monetary policy decisions [1] - The central bank is increasingly considering the implications of household debt on economic stability [1] - There is a growing concern regarding the sustainability of household debt in the context of rising interest rates [1]

Core Viewpoint - The South Korean Ministry of Finance is set to significantly strengthen regulations on mortgage loans in response to rising household debt levels [1] Group 1: Household Debt Concerns - The meeting addressed the increasing household debt issue in South Korea, which has raised concerns among policymakers [1] - The government is focusing on measures to mitigate risks associated with high levels of household borrowing [1] Group 2: Regulatory Measures - The Ministry of Finance plans to implement stricter oversight on mortgage lending practices to ensure financial stability [1] - Enhanced regulations are expected to target lending criteria and borrower assessments to prevent excessive debt accumulation [1]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The binding of the Trump administration's tariff and tax - cut policies will become more obvious, and it is highly likely that the two policies will either pass or be rejected simultaneously [2][11] - The US employment market is operating stably. In May, employment signals were contradictory, but non - farm employment increased by 1.1% year - on - year, and the weekly wage index growth rate is close to the pre - pandemic level, which may not change the downward trend of core inflation [2][14] - The focus of monetary policy lies in the persistence of the impact of tariffs on inflation [2][14] 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 High - frequency Data Panoramic Scan - CBO estimates that the OBBBA may lead to a reduction of $3.7 trillion in federal fiscal revenue and $1.3 trillion in expenditure from 2025 - 2034, along with $55.1 billion in debt costs, resulting in an increase of about $3 trillion in government debt. However, tariffs may reduce the deficit by $2.8 trillion from 2025 - 2035, but will also cause negative economic impacts and inflation in the next two years [2][10] - The Trump administration's tariff policy faces legal challenges, and the OBBBA is still under discussion in the Senate. The binding of tariff and tax - cut policies will be stronger [2][11] - In May, the US employment market had contradictory signals. ADP employment increased slightly, while non - farm employment grew strongly. Non - farm employment increased by 1.1% year - on - year, and the non - farm hourly wage growth rate was stable [2][14] - From June 2 - 7, 2025, agricultural product prices mostly declined, and commodity prices showed mixed trends. For example, the average wholesale price of pork decreased by 0.55% week - on - week, and the price of Brent crude oil futures increased by 1.60% week - on - week [2] 3.2 High - frequency Data and Important Macroeconomic Indicators Trend Comparison - Multiple charts show the trend comparison between high - frequency data and important macro - indicators such as PPI, CPI, and export volume, but specific analysis is not provided in the text [22][28][29] 3.3 Important High - frequency Indicators in the US and Europe - Charts display the relationship between US weekly economic indicators and actual economic growth, initial jobless claims and unemployment rate, same - store sales growth and PCE year - on - year, etc., as well as the implied prospects of interest rate hikes or cuts by the Federal Reserve and the ECB, but specific analysis is not provided in the text [83][85][87] 3.4 Seasonal Trends of High - frequency Data - Multiple charts show the seasonal trends of high - frequency data such as 30 - city commercial housing transaction area, LME copper spot settlement price, and production material price index, but specific analysis is not provided in the text [94][96][100] 3.5 High - frequency Traffic Data in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen - Charts show the year - on - year changes in subway passenger volume in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, but specific analysis is not provided in the text [147][151]

Group 1 - The overall credit delinquency rate for the first quarter is reported at 4.2%, an increase from 3.6% in the previous quarter [1] - Household debt reached $18.2 trillion in the first quarter, reflecting a 0.9% growth compared to the last quarter of the previous year [1] - The consumer default rate in the first quarter stands at 4.3%, marking the highest level since 2020 [1]