（摄影/宋春雨） 从"体系优先"到"创新资本化"：规模化发展的核心 沈明高开宗明义，强调科技金融创新需更加重视从"1到N"的规模化扩张。"'十四五'科技金融有很多创新点，但还没有形成可复制的模式，科技金融创新何时能成规 模支持新质生产力发展，是未来五年的关键挑战。" 他认为，"十五五"规划建议首次明确构建了现代化产业体系框架，这与过往强调科技创新不同，这意味着，从科技创新与产业结合的角度看，科技金融需同时平衡 服务"科技产业化"与"产业科技化"。 近日，第二十届中国经济论坛平行论坛"2025大湾区科技与金融创新发展大会"在广州南沙举行，广发证券全球首席经济学家沈明高发表了题为《科技金融创新：从1 到N》的主题演讲。 沈明高表示，科技金融创新的核心挑战在于从单点突破走向规模化发展，唯有构建能规模化服务现代化产业体系的金融生态，才能孕育具有全球竞争力的科技企 业，为新质生产力注入强劲动能。在产业层面，沈明高提出"智能制造产业链"有望成为接替房地产的新支柱。 他引用美国历史数据称，电力和计算机从5%到50%的家庭渗透普及用了约20年，而AI推广很可能呈指数级增长，未来5—10年是普及推广的关键窗口期。"谁争得先 机 ...

（原标题：广发证券全球首席经济学家沈明高： 以"科技资本"赋能新质生产力 破解科技金融规模化难题） 证券时报记者 胡飞军 近日，第二十届中国经济论坛平行论坛——2025大湾区科技与金融创新发展大会在广州南沙举行，广发证券全球首席经济学家沈明高发表了题为 《科技金融创新：从1到N》的主题演讲。 沈明高表示，科技金融创新的核心挑战在于从单点突破走向规模化发展，唯有构建能规模化服务现代化产业体系的金融生态，才能孕育具有全球 竞争力的科技企业，为新质生产力注入强劲动能。 沈明高强调，科技金融创新需更加重视从"1到N"的规模化扩张。"'十四五'时期科技金融有很多创新点，但还没有形成可复制的模式，科技金融创 新何时能成规模支持新质生产力的发展，是未来五年的关键挑战。" 他认为，"十五五"规划建议首次明确构建了现代化产业体系框架，这与过往强调科技创新不同，这意味着，从科技创新与产业结合的角度看，科 技金融需同时平衡服务"科技产业化"与"产业科技化"。 他深入阐释了科技金融的实质——"创新资本化"。"要将科技创新转化为资本回报。只有当创新能转化为回报，才能支撑下一轮可持续的创新与迭 代，这是科技金融的核心。" 然而，实现创新 ...

然而，实现创新资本化目标面临五大挑战，即科技创新和科创企业往往具有非标准化、未盈利、轻资 产、高不确定性和长周期的特征，传统金融服务往往难以满足其融资需求。 近日，第二十届中国经济论坛平行论坛——2025大湾区科技与金融创新发展大会在广州南沙举行，广发 证券全球首席经济学家沈明高发表了题为《科技金融创新：从1到N》的主题演讲。 沈明高表示，科技金融创新的核心挑战在于从单点突破走向规模化发展，唯有构建能规模化服务现代化 产业体系的金融生态，才能孕育具有全球竞争力的科技企业，为新质生产力注入强劲动能。 沈明高强调，科技金融创新需更加重视从"1到N"的规模化扩张。"'十四五'时期科技金融有很多创新 点，但还没有形成可复制的模式，科技金融创新何时能成规模支持新质生产力的发展，是未来五年的关 键挑战。" 他认为，"十五五"规划建议首次明确构建了现代化产业体系框架，这与过往强调科技创新不同，这意味 着，从科技创新与产业结合的角度看，科技金融需同时平衡服务"科技产业化"与"产业科技化"。 沈明高解释，技术的非标准化加大增长潜力评估的困难；未盈利状态挑战传统的估值模型；轻资产模式 让银行信贷难以适配；高不确定性意味着高风险与 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the evolution of the black industry chain, highlighting the rigid pricing mechanisms between the upstream steel industry and downstream manufacturing sectors, which transfer price volatility risks to downstream players [1][2] - It emphasizes the introduction of futures derivatives as a solution to restructure risk-sharing mechanisms within the industry chain, allowing for a more flexible pricing buffer [1][4] Industry Overview - The steel industry operates under a long-process smelting model, focusing on maintaining reasonable profits and stable production while controlling costs [2] - Steel trading companies serve as supply chain service providers, addressing the pricing risks that arise from asymmetric purchasing and sales between upstream and downstream entities [2] Market Dynamics - In Q2 2023, steel prices fell due to supply-demand imbalances and seasonal factors, prompting downstream shipbuilding companies to seek current market prices for their annual production needs [2] - Existing pricing models from steel companies did not meet the actual needs of shipbuilding firms, leading to a mismatch in pricing expectations [2] Risk Management Solutions - The collaboration between futures companies and steel trading firms facilitated a pricing conversion that addressed the needs of both shipbuilding and steel companies [3] - A closed-loop system was established where steel companies sold at floating prices, while trading firms provided price management services to shipbuilders, allowing for fixed-price procurement [3] Financial Impact - From May to September 2023, trading firms locked in steel resources for shipbuilders, reducing procurement costs from approximately 5780 CNY/ton to 4980 CNY/ton, resulting in an additional revenue of about 800 CNY/ton for shipbuilders [3] - Steel companies benefited from a stable profit of around 200 CNY/ton without bearing the exposure risk [3] Strategic Importance - The "guaranteed supply and locked price" model meets the needs of both upstream production and downstream risk control, ensuring stable prices and supply [4] - This project supports the stable operation and development of the manufacturing sector, which is crucial for maintaining economic growth and enhancing competitiveness in the industrial landscape [4]

Core Insights - The difficulty for private enterprises in issuing bonds has been alleviated in Jiangsu, with over 25% of issued technology innovation bonds attributed to private enterprises, significantly higher than the national average of 11.59% [2][3] Group 1: Current Situation of Private Enterprises in Bond Issuance - Private enterprises face challenges in bond issuance due to low ratings and market recognition, leading to high financing costs [2] - As of August 2025, the cumulative issuance scale of technology innovation bonds reached 3.69 trillion yuan, with private enterprises accounting for only 11.59% of the total issuance [3] Group 2: Factors Affecting Participation of Private Enterprises - The low participation of private enterprises in the technology innovation bond market is attributed to weak qualifications, insufficient market valuation systems, and limited policy support [4] - Private enterprises often lack prominent technology innovation attributes and effective collateral, which hinders their ability to issue bonds [4] Group 3: Solutions Implemented in Jiangsu - Jiangsu has adopted a strategy to enhance credit support and improve risk-sharing mechanisms to facilitate bond issuance for private enterprises [5] - The establishment of a provincial credit enhancement company aims to provide credit support for bond financing, thereby reducing financing costs and optimizing the financing structure for private enterprises [5][6] Group 4: Impact of Risk-Sharing Tools - Risk-sharing tools provide credit enhancement for bond issuance, enabling private equity investment institutions to access financing channels and support seed funding for more enterprises [6] - In Jiangsu, two projects supported by national risk-sharing tools have seen significant reductions in comprehensive financing costs, demonstrating improved market recognition [6][7] Group 5: Additional Support Initiatives - Jiangsu has established a service center for technology finance to provide comprehensive support for technology innovation bonds, enhancing the overall service ecosystem for private enterprises [7]

Core Viewpoint - The expansion of credit risk mitigation tools (CRMW) to include local institutions is expected to enhance the issuance and investment of technology innovation bonds (科创债) in China, providing a more stable financing environment for private equity and technology enterprises [2][10][12]. Group 1: CRMW Expansion - Three local institutions have recently been approved as CRMW creation entities, marking a significant expansion beyond large commercial banks and securities firms [2][10]. - The total number of approved CRMW creation institutions has reached 58, indicating a broader participation in the market [10]. - The inclusion of local credit enhancement institutions is anticipated to improve regional bond issuance and support for private enterprises [10][15]. Group 2: Impact on Technology Innovation Bonds - Since the launch of the technology board in May, the issuance of technology innovation bonds has accelerated, with CRMW playing a crucial role in stabilizing the market [2][12]. - The average issuance rate for new technology innovation bonds in September was 2.19%, reflecting a slight increase from 1.93% in May, but still demonstrating stability due to CRMW's credit protection [13]. - CRMW has significantly contributed to lowering financing costs for technology enterprises, with many bonds issued at rates lower than traditional bonds [12][13]. Group 3: Market Dynamics and Investor Sentiment - The current market environment, characterized by declining interest rates and ample liquidity, has led investors to seek higher-yielding risk products, making the combination of private enterprise bonds and CRMW particularly attractive [6][12]. - CRMW has been instrumental in supporting the issuance of bonds for private technology enterprises, with 84% of the total CRMW issuance linked to private enterprises [14]. - The revised guidelines for CRMW are expected to enhance market activity and encourage more financial institutions to participate in the creation of these risk mitigation tools [9][15].

Core Viewpoint - The rising insurance premiums for ride-hailing vehicles, especially electric ones, are significantly impacting the industry, making it difficult for drivers to secure affordable coverage and threatening the stability of the ride-hailing market [3][4][6]. Summary by Sections Insurance Premiums and Challenges - Ride-hailing drivers are facing substantial increases in insurance premiums, with some reporting annual costs rising from 8,500 yuan to 9,800 yuan, a hike of over 15% [4]. - The insurance costs for electric vehicles are particularly high, with some drivers unable to find coverage due to their vehicles being classified as high-risk [3][4]. - A driver in Nanjing reported a 30% increase in insurance premiums from 6,500 yuan to 8,500 yuan after a minor accident, highlighting the financial strain on drivers [3]. Market Dynamics - The insurance market for ride-hailing is limited, with few companies willing to underwrite these risks, leading to high premiums and stringent conditions for coverage [4][5]. - Some insurance companies are only willing to renew existing policies and are not accepting new applications, further complicating the situation for drivers [4]. Risk Assessment and Pricing Mechanism - The high premiums are attributed to the elevated risk associated with ride-hailing, particularly for electric vehicles, which have higher repair costs and claim rates [6][7]. - Experts suggest that the current pricing models do not adequately reflect the dynamic nature of ride-hailing operations, which include factors like driving behavior and usage patterns [7][10]. Regulatory and Industry Responses - Regulatory bodies are urged to enhance oversight and encourage collaboration between the ride-hailing and insurance sectors to develop a more balanced risk-sharing mechanism [9][10]. - Recent initiatives include the launch of a platform to facilitate direct insurance purchases for electric vehicle owners, aiming to streamline the process and reduce costs [10]. Recommendations for Improvement - Experts recommend developing a multi-dimensional pricing model that incorporates real-time driving data to better align insurance costs with actual risk [10][11]. - There is a call for improved data sharing among financial regulators, transportation authorities, and ride-hailing platforms to enhance risk assessment and pricing accuracy [11].

Core Insights - The article highlights the importance of inclusive finance in supporting the growth of technology startups, particularly those that are asset-light and high-risk, which often struggle to secure traditional financing [1][2] - The case study of Tianjin's Small and Medium Enterprise Credit Financing Guarantee Co., Ltd. (Tianjin SME Guarantee) illustrates how innovative financing solutions can effectively address the funding challenges faced by tech startups [1][2] Group 1: Financing Solutions - Tianjin SME Guarantee's entrepreneurial guarantee business provides government-backed loans to support individual entrepreneurship and small businesses, aiming to alleviate financing difficulties [2][3] - The organization has developed a "bank supermarket" model, aggregating resources from over twenty banks to negotiate lower financing costs for startups [8][10] - The collaborative due diligence and parallel approval process with banks significantly reduces loan approval times, enhancing efficiency for startups [9][10] Group 2: Case Studies of Supported Companies - Lingzhi Haoyue Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. received 4 million yuan in credit support, resulting in a comprehensive loan rate of less than 2%, which is significantly lower than market rates [3][8] - Tianjin Tianrong Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. benefited from a 10 million yuan guarantee loan, with a minimal guarantee fee of 40,000 yuan, allowing for sustained investment in technology and market expansion [4][5][8] - Zhongke Xinchuan Medical Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. secured 1 million yuan in funding to support its product launch, demonstrating the critical role of Tianjin SME Guarantee in facilitating market entry for new companies [5][11] Group 3: Innovative Risk Management - Tianjin SME Guarantee employs a "technology points system" to evaluate startups, reducing reliance on traditional financial metrics and enabling more companies to access financing [10][11] - The organization has implemented a "party-building credit enhancement" model, linking the effectiveness of a company's party-building work to its credit assessment, which has proven to enhance repayment reliability [10][11] Group 4: Comprehensive Support Services - Tianjin SME Guarantee offers services that extend beyond loan provision, supporting companies throughout their lifecycle from startup to growth and maturity phases [11][12] - The organization provides additional resources such as industry information and policy interpretation, positioning itself as a partner in the growth of tech companies [12][13] - As of July 2025, Tianjin SME Guarantee has provided 390 million yuan in entrepreneurial guarantee loans to 212 startups, demonstrating its significant impact on local economic development [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The recent challenges faced by truck drivers in renewing commercial insurance have raised concerns about operational risks and the livelihoods of drivers in the logistics industry [1][2][3]. Group 1: Insurance Renewal Challenges - Many truck drivers, such as those operating in Hebei, have reported being denied renewal of commercial insurance due to being classified as E-class vehicles, which indicates a higher risk [2]. - A significant number of trucks are unable to secure insurance, with reports indicating that nearly 20% of vehicles in some fleets cannot be insured due to this classification [3]. - The cost of insurance has increased dramatically, with some drivers experiencing premium hikes from around 10,000 to 40,000 yuan per vehicle [3]. Group 2: Impact on Drivers and Operations - The inability to renew insurance has led to operational halts for many drivers, affecting their income and ability to support their families [3][4]. - Drivers with good driving records have also faced challenges due to their companies being blacklisted for high overall accident rates, impacting their individual insurance options [3][5]. Group 3: Insurance Company Perspectives - Insurance companies utilize a rating system based on various factors, including driving behavior and accident history, to assess risk and determine insurance eligibility [5][6]. - Some insurance executives argue that the perception of refusal to insure is often due to disagreements over premium pricing rather than outright denial of coverage [6][7]. - The insurance industry faces significant losses in the commercial truck sector, leading to higher premiums and stricter underwriting criteria [7][10]. Group 4: Regulatory and Policy Responses - Recent government initiatives aim to address the insurance challenges faced by truck drivers, including the introduction of a platform for easier online insurance access [8][9]. - Experts suggest that optimizing insurance mechanisms and enhancing risk management practices are essential for improving the situation for truck drivers [10][11]. - There is a call for differentiated pricing models and the introduction of social capital to create new insurance solutions for high-risk vehicles [10][11].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the successful launch and growth of the "Technology Board" in the bond market, with a total issuance scale of 4,172 billion yuan within the first month [2][3] - The issuance scale of the technology bonds accounted for 17.4% of the total market issuance during the same period, indicating strong demand from various issuers [2] - Commercial banks were the most active participants, issuing 1,910 billion yuan, which represents 45.8% of the total issuance [2][3] Group 2 - The structure of issuers has improved, with the proportion of private enterprises in non-financial technology bonds increasing from 10.1% in the first four months of 2025 to 12.5% in May [2] - The majority of newly issued technology bonds by private enterprises had a maturity of less than three years, while nearly 80% of the total issuance had a maturity of over three years [3][4] - The average issuance interest rate for bank-issued technology bonds was 1.67%, with funds directed towards technology loans and investments in technology innovation enterprises [4] Group 3 - Financial institutions, including banks and securities firms, actively participated in the issuance of technology bonds, with 23 securities firms involved [5] - The longest maturity for a technology bond issued by a securities firm was 10 years, with a significant portion of the funds allocated to support technology innovation [5] - Risk-sharing mechanisms, such as credit default swaps and risk mitigation certificates, have become popular tools in the design of technology bonds [6] Group 4 - The introduction of risk-sharing tools is expected to enhance the accessibility and convenience of financing for private enterprises and early-stage technology companies [6] - Future innovations in yield mechanisms could attract more investors to participate in technology bonds issued by small and medium-sized private technology enterprises [7] - The "Technology Board" in the bond market is anticipated to play a significant role in supporting technological innovation and progress in the future [7]