中国央行的操作更具战略耐心。 2025年1月增持16万盎司，而10月仅增持3万盎司，呈现"低量多次"的特点。 这种节奏与金价波动形成微妙平衡：既避免推 高成本，又持续优化外汇储备结构。 目前黄金占中国外汇储备比重升至8.89%，仍远低于全球央行15%的平均水平，未来增持空间充足。 黄金储备与人民币国际化直接挂钩。 中国人民银行行长潘功胜在2025年陆家嘴论坛指出，人民币已成为全球第三大支付货币。 中国与30多个国家开设人民 币-黄金兑换通道，推动贸易结算去美元化。 柬埔寨甚至计划将黄金储备存放于深圳保税区金库，这可能引发连锁效应，加速黄金定价权东移。 2025年11月14日，国内黄金市场出现罕见分化：投资金条价格低于970元/克，而周大福足金饰品高达1333元/克，价差超300元。 这种分层源于黄金属性的分 裂，既是避险资产，又是社交货币。 清晨6点，北京某金店的销售员打开系统，看到周大福的金饰标价已跃至1333元/克。 柜台前，一位年轻顾客反复比对着两款古法金手镯的工费标签，最终 刷卡买下了单价更高的那件"攒金不如攒钱？ 现在得反过来了。 "与此同时，中国央行最新数据显示，截至2025年10月末，黄金储备已 ...

● 本报记者 彭扬 欧阳剑环 三是健全功能完善的金融市场。针对不同层面的投融资需求，积极发展股权、债券等直接融资，完善市 场基础制度，提升包容性和适应性，做优增量、盘活存量，加强投资者保护，推动货币市场发展，健全 外汇市场产品体系，规范发展黄金市场、票据市场，稳慎有序发展期货和衍生品市场，促进市场基础设 施有序联通，发挥金融市场有效配置资源、发现价格和管理风险的作用。 四是建设更高水平的开放型金融新体制。越发展越开放，要坚持统筹发展和安全，持续促进贸易和投融 资便利化，扩大我国金融市场对外开放。推进人民币国际化，提升资本项目开放水平。加快建设上海国 际金融中心，巩固提升香港国际金融中心地位，加强对"一带一路"的金融支持，坚持多边主义原则，积 极推动全球金融治理改革，以高水平开放促进高质量发展。 五是构建可持续的金融生态。重视金融生态对金融业发展的关键影响。强化清晰的产权界定、公平的竞 争规则、有效的契约执行、适度的融资成本、有力的权益保护。约束金融行业内卷式竞争，保持合理的 盈利空间。 中国人民银行副行长陶玲11月14日在第十六届财新峰会上表示，"十五五"时期是基本实现社会主义现代 化的关键时期，新形势、新任 ...

特朗普在高调宣扬美国实力逼中国让步之际，人民币国际化正悄然迈出关键一步，而西芒杜铁矿的投产正在静悄悄改变着中美实力对比的底层逻辑。 "我们和中国关系很好，但那是因为他们知道我强硬。 "特朗普在最近接受美媒采访时，再次展现了他标志性的自信。 他骄傲地认为，中国之所以愿意在贸 易谈判中达成协议，完全是因为美国实力太强，中国不敢招惹美国。 就在特朗普吹嘘美国实力的同一天，国际航空运输协会宣布正式将人民币纳入其清算所结算货币体系。 这一决定看似与经济无关，却深刻影响着中美实力 对比的底层逻辑。 特朗普的自信言论很快遭到了事实的打脸。 就在他夸耀"中国怕美国"的同时，美国政府却悄悄撤销了多项对华限制措施。 特朗普在福克斯新闻的采访中详细阐述了他的逻辑：美国的强大实力体现在两个方面，一是关税手段，二是军事实力。 他声称，正是这两大支柱让中国不 得不妥协。 但现实情况却大相径庭。 截至11月9日，美国政府已经停摆40多天，公共服务陷入瘫痪，甚至驻外军人的工资都需要盟友垫付。 这种国内困境迫使特朗普急 需一个"外交突破口"来转移视线。 与特朗普的"口头强国"形成鲜明对比的是，中国正在扎实推进人民币国际化进程。 11月5日，国 ...

Core Points - The Vice Governor of the People's Bank of China, Tao Ling, outlined five key directions for deepening financial reform [1][2] - Emphasis on developing a scientific and robust monetary policy system alongside a comprehensive macro-prudential policy framework [1] - The importance of enhancing the adaptability of financial institutions, products, and services to meet diverse investment and financing needs [1] Group 1 - The five key directions for financial reform include: 1. Accelerating the improvement of the central bank system 2. Enhancing the adaptability of financial institutions, products, and services 3. Establishing a well-functioning financial market 4. Building a higher-level open financial system 5. Creating a sustainable financial ecosystem [1] Group 2 - The need to balance development and security while promoting trade and investment facilitation, expanding the openness of China's financial market, and advancing the internationalization of the Renminbi [2] - The goal of constructing the Shanghai International Financial Center and consolidating Hong Kong's status as an international financial center [2] - The call to regulate "involutionary" competition in the financial industry to maintain reasonable profit margins and to encourage a healthy economic-financial cycle [2]

Core Insights - The Chinese economy is undergoing a significant structural transformation, transitioning from an export-driven model to a more balanced focus on domestic demand [1] - The future of high-quality development should not solely rely on replacing old industries but rather on the collaboration of new and old driving forces [1] - A fundamental reform of the social security system is essential to unlock true domestic consumption potential [3] Group 1: Economic Transition - The transition period is characterized by a notable rise in China's position within the value chain, providing strong support for the economy [1] - Emerging industries, particularly in artificial intelligence and automotive sectors, are showing unexpected performance, with China becoming the largest producer and exporter of vehicles [1][2] - The shipbuilding industry secured 75% of global orders last year, and over 50% of robots globally are now produced in China [2] Group 2: Importance of Traditional Industries - There is a need to avoid the misconception that only new economies matter, as traditional sectors remain crucial for economic stability [2] - Real estate plays a vital role in household wealth, accounting for over 50% of many families' assets, which is significantly higher than the stock market [2] - The urbanization rate in China is approximately 68%, indicating substantial unmet demand in housing and transportation [2] Group 3: Consumer Spending and Policy - Consumer spending is seen as a key variable in the "14th Five-Year Plan," with the government implementing substantial consumption policies [3] - Long-term reforms in the social security system are deemed more effective than short-term cash incentives for stimulating consumer spending [3] Group 4: Capital Market Development - The capital market is expected to play a more significant role in the national economy, with a focus on enhancing the financial weight of Chinese assets [4] - Key directions include promoting the internationalization of the RMB, nurturing truly global enterprises, and protecting investors to ensure healthy industrial development [4] - Achieving these goals will require patience and sustained efforts in the right direction [4]

智通财经记者 | 杨志锦 智通财经编辑 | 王姝 中国人民银行11月13日公布的金融统计数据显示，10月末流通中货币(M0)余额13.55万亿元，同比增长10.6%。 官方数据还显示，自从2022年以来，M0增速几乎一直保持10%以上，大多数时间也高于广义货币M2增速，而同期狭义货币M1增速非常低，一度出现负增 长。 智通财经记者根据同花顺 ifind、央行数据制图 M0代表流通中的现金，M0同比持续高增，说明社会上的现金越来越多，这跟很多人的直觉是相反的——在扫码支付非常普遍的中国，很多人可能一年到头 几乎不用现金进行支付，"现金消失论"一度甚嚣尘上。 按照10月末13.55万亿元的M0余额、14亿人口计算，意味着当前人均持有现金约1万元，而在2012年末M0余额为5.5万亿，人均持有现金仅仅0.4万元。换言 之，随着移动支付渗透率越来越高，人们持有的现金反而增加了。 智通财经记者采访了解到，近年来M0持续高增的原因可能有：持有现金成本下降、防御性储备需求增加、人民币国际化带来的境外现金需求增长、一些非 法活动的现金需求增长等。值得注意的是，过去10年中国积极发展数字人民币，数字人民币也定位于M0，但数字人 ...

伦敦金属交易所这一手，是典型的"赔本赚吆喝"。 表面上看是在替美元"清场"，打压人民币与欧元的国际化野心；但从深层次看，它却不自觉地把繁荣生意拱手让人，这一笔账它真的算得清吗？ 听上去是一项"技术决策"，但背后的政治味那叫一个冲鼻。 先强调一点，这个决定不是取消英镑交易，因为LME本身就没有英镑计价品种，所以从头到尾，这事讲白了根本不关英国自己货币什么事。 这事要从2025年11月初说起，伦敦金属交易所（LME）突然宣布，全面停止非美元结算的期货交易，言下之意就是人民币、欧元通通请出场，只剩美元一 尊独大。 这次中枪的是谁？ 人民币、欧元，所有非美元货币。 那伦敦交易所为啥要替美元出这力？它图什么？ 背后的逻辑并不复杂，甚至可以说是老生常谈的一盘棋，货币霸权保卫战。 美元真正吃香的不只是一张张绿钞，而是全球"非美元国家每天都离不开它"。 核心是什么？ 几大国际大宗商品，石油、金属、粮食，石油是关键中的关键，谁掌控了石油的结算货币，谁就控制了全球的金融血脉。 这个逻辑几十年来被美国玩得炉火纯青，但如今的局势变了。 世界进入"去美元化"的快车道，而中国作为世界最大的大宗商品消费国之一，正在积极推动人民币的国际定价 ...

CIPS系统这个被西方媒体刻意低调处理的金融基础设施，如今已经成为连接全球近5000家金融机构 的"金融丝绸之路"。185个国家几乎覆盖了全球绝大多数经济体。这些银行选择接入CIPS，不是因为政 治压力，而是基于最朴素的商业逻辑——谁都不想把自己的钱袋子交到别人手里任人宰割。 美元霸权的根基正在崩塌，这恐怕是华盛顿那些政客们始料未及的。中俄之间高达90%以上的本币结 算，以及中国CIPS系统连接185个国家近5000家银行的壮举，都在无声地宣告：去美元化已经从政治口 号变成了市场现实。 【人民币清算行进入俄罗斯已经8年了】 而这种局面的出现，与美国政府3年前的决定有关。2022年俄乌冲突爆发后，美国及其盟友对俄罗斯实 施的金融制裁，当时西方世界一片叫好，认为这记重拳足以让俄罗斯经济崩溃。可谁曾想，这记重拳最 终打在了美元霸权上，且效果显著。 当时，美国直接冻结了俄罗斯存放在欧美银行的3000亿美元外汇储备。欧洲银行还用这笔钱产生的利 息，给乌克兰提供军事援助，简直就是"明抢"。 就像那句话说的"欲使其灭亡，必先使其疯狂"。美国现在的做法，就像是在透支美元的最后一点信用。 当全球投资者意识到美国可能永远都还不清 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints The report explores investment opportunities in the Hong Kong bond market under the expansion of the "Southbound Connect." It analyzes the market conditions of Chinese dollar-denominated bonds and Dim Sum bonds, and points out potential investment opportunities based on factors such as interest rates, exchange rates, and credit risks [2]. Summary by Directory I. Bond "Southbound Connect" Introduction - Launched on September 24, 2021, it allows domestic investors to invest in bonds traded in the Hong Kong bond market through a connected mechanism [9]. - Initially, it only supported spot bond trading and later gradually introduced repo trading. In 2025, measures were announced to expand trading currencies and extend trading hours [10]. - Regulatory authorities have defined the current participants and trading counterparties. The scope of participants is expected to expand to include non-bank institutions such as securities firms, insurance companies, and asset management companies [11]. II. "Southbound Connect" Investment Target Situation Hong Kong Bond Market Situation - The Hong Kong bond market consists of three main segments: Hong Kong dollar, offshore RMB, and G3 currency markets. As of the end of 2024, the outstanding amounts of Hong Kong dollar bonds, offshore RMB bonds, and G3 currency bonds were 195.5 billion, 173.2 billion, and 565.6 billion US dollars respectively, with G3 currency bonds dominating the market [24]. - From 2015 to 2024, the total size of the Hong Kong bond market showed a significant upward trend, reaching HK$2.83 trillion in 2024. The Exchange Fund and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government are the cornerstones of the market, and overseas issuers and local statutory bodies have also contributed to its growth [26]. Hong Kong Chinese Dollar-Denominated Bond Market Status - Affected by factors such as the US dollar interest rate hike, rising overseas financing costs, and changes in the credit environment, the issuance volume of Chinese dollar-denominated bonds in Hong Kong has declined significantly since 2022, with negative net financing in the past three years [32]. - As of October 30, 2025, the outstanding amount of Chinese dollar-denominated bonds traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and CMU was 361.5 billion US dollars, with 1,180 bonds. They are mainly concentrated in industries such as finance and energy, with coupon rates mostly between 3% - 5% and maturities mostly over 3 years [37][40]. Dim Sum Bond Market Status - The issuance volume and net financing of Dim Sum bonds have increased significantly since 2022, reflecting the promotion of RMB internationalization and the expansion of the "Southbound Connect" [43]. - As of October 29, 2025, the outstanding amount of Dim Sum bonds traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and CMU was 1.5666 trillion RMB, with 1,266 bonds. They are mainly concentrated in industries such as finance, real estate, and consumption, with coupon rates mostly between 3% - 5% and maturities mostly between 1 - 3 years [48][50]. III. Investment Opportunities in Chinese Dollar-Denominated Bonds - The benchmark interest rate for Chinese dollar-denominated bonds is US Treasury bonds. In the first three quarters of 2025, US Treasury bond yields fluctuated and declined in the third quarter. It is expected to remain volatile at a low level in the future [55]. - Investment-grade Chinese dollar-denominated bonds have declined with US Treasury bonds this year, and the spread has narrowed to a low level since 2024. High-yield bonds have fluctuated, and the spread is at a high percentile [57]. - Due to the continuous advancement of debt resolution policies, the spread of overseas Chinese dollar-denominated urban investment bonds has significantly compressed since mid-2024 [59]. - The spread of real estate Chinese dollar-denominated bonds has shown significant differentiation. The spread of investment-grade bonds has continued to compress, while that of non-investment-grade bonds has fluctuated at a high level [63]. - In terms of exchange rates, the US dollar has depreciated against the RMB in 2025, and the narrowing of the discount has reduced the exchange rate hedging cost, increasing the allocation value of Chinese dollar-denominated bonds [66]. - From a credit perspective, the number of defaults or extensions of local state-owned enterprises and central enterprises has decreased, and the investment strategy can focus on bonds of central and state-owned enterprises with large onshore-offshore spreads [67]. IV. Investment Opportunities in Dim Sum Bonds - The benchmark interest rate for Dim Sum bonds is offshore RMB sovereign bonds. This year, Dim Sum bonds have outperformed onshore bonds, and the spread has narrowed to about 50bp [69]. - On the supply side, due to the financing cost advantage and policy support, the issuance of Dim Sum bonds has increased in recent years, and the product structure is expected to become more diverse [71]. - On the demand side, the expansion of the "Southbound Connect" has broadened cross-border investment channels, and the strong demand of domestic institutions for overseas investment is beneficial to the secondary market performance of Dim Sum bonds. Some Dim Sum bonds still have relatively high spreads compared to onshore bonds, offering good value [71].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need for China to accelerate the construction of a financial powerhouse, highlighting the importance of financial reform and innovation in the context of international geopolitical challenges and the necessity for technological advancement [1][6]. Group 1: Financial Development Strategies - The main development focus for a financial powerhouse should be on internationalization and marketization [2]. - Marketization involves gradually replacing indirect financing with direct financing, creating a multi-layered financial system to support high-tech and strategic emerging industries [2][10]. - Internationalization aims to promote the international use of the Renminbi and establish an independent payment system [3][10]. Group 2: Achievements in Financial Reform - Significant progress has been made in the past five years, including the internationalization of the Renminbi and the establishment of a multi-layered financial system [8]. - The introduction of new market rules has adapted to the needs of a multi-layered financial system, allowing for different requirements for technology companies compared to traditional markets [8][12]. - High-quality opening-up has been achieved by relaxing restrictions on foreign financial institutions [9]. Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - The current financial resource allocation primarily relies on the banking system, which needs to evolve to include stock markets, bond markets, and derivatives markets [10]. - Establishing an independent payment system is crucial for enhancing the international acceptance of the Renminbi, which requires creating a favorable market environment [10][11]. - The development of a robust derivatives market is essential for risk management, but it must be accompanied by strong regulatory frameworks to mitigate systemic risks [14][15]. Group 4: Balancing Traditional and Emerging Industries - The shift in focus from merely promoting high-tech industries to also enhancing traditional industries reflects a deep understanding of current economic realities, particularly regarding employment [16][17]. - Traditional industries play a vital role in job creation and economic stability, which is crucial for maintaining consumer spending and overall economic health [17].