来源：同花顺iFinD 5月7日，A股三大指数集体上涨，截至午间收盘，沪指上涨0.64%，报3337.23点；深成指上涨0.19%， 报10101.18点；创业板指上涨0.40%，报1994.38点；北证50指数上涨0.67%，报1383.05点。 全市场上涨个股有3481家，下跌个股有1712家，99只股涨停。两市半日合计成交9658亿。板块题材上， 军工、脑机接口、大飞机、房地产、纺织制造、化学化工板块涨幅居前；影视院线、游戏、AI应用、 半导体板块跌幅居前。 | 大盘 | 板块 | 个股 | 看盘广场 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 图午间休盘 | | | -242.01亿 大盘资金净流入 | | 13:00 继续开盘 | | | | | 上证指数 | 深证成指 | | 创业板指 | | 3337.23 | 10101.18 | | 1994.38 | | +21.12 +0.64% | +18.84 +0.19% | | +7.97 +0.40% | | 跌 1712 | | | 涨3481 > | | 今日实时成交额9890亿 | | | 较上一日此时 +1226亿 | ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that certain incremental policies will be introduced by the end of June, with the timing dependent on the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions [1] - The current interest rate differential between China and the US is significant, and if the Federal Reserve does not lower rates, China may have to maintain its current stance to prevent capital outflow [1] - The expectation is that the Federal Reserve may lower rates in May, which would likely prompt the Chinese central bank to take action around mid-May [1] Group 2 - Short-term pressure exists on bank stocks due to disappointing earnings, but long-term investment interest remains focused on dividend yields [3] - A decline in bank stocks often leads to a shift in market dynamics, with growth stocks performing better when bank stocks fall [3] - The performance of bank stocks has been lackluster, with growth rates declining from around 5% to stagnation or even decreases [4] Group 3 - The first quarter reports from the six major banks have been collectively disclosed [5] - The market may be entering a phase characterized by a focus on individual stocks rather than overall index performance, with large-cap stocks like banks dragging down indices while small-cap stocks thrive [7] - After a month of volatility, market sentiment is improving, and if no significant negative news arises during the upcoming holiday, positive sentiment may continue [7]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - Standing at the end of April and looking forward to May, investors' preference for long - term and ultra - long - term bonds has increased, while their attention to credit products has decreased month - on - month, but there may be a characteristic of "being bullish but not taking action" [1][10]. - According to the bond market survey questionnaire results released at the end of April, six mainstream expectations of investors for the May bond market are summarized: preference for long - term and ultra - long - term bonds has increased significantly; Trump's tariff policy may promote the early implementation of reserve requirement ratio (RRR) and interest rate cut policies, and the positive impact on the bond market can continue; the current expectation of monetary easing is still strong, with most investors expecting an RRR cut in May - June and an interest rate cut more likely in the third quarter; most investors believe that the bond market will strengthen overall in May, and the probability of a bull - flattening curve is high; most investors' judgments on the operating ranges of 10 - year and 30 - year Treasury bond yields are narrow, and the market is expected to be mainly volatile; in terms of operations, most investors are neutral in practice and prefer to keep their positions basically stable, possibly showing "being bullish but not taking action" [1][10]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Survey Background - A bond market questionnaire "What to expect from the May bond market?" was released on April 25, 2025, targeting the main concerns of the May 2025 bond market. As of 24:00 on April 27, a total of 331 valid questionnaires were received, covering various institutional investors such as bank self - operation, securities firm self - operation, public funds/special accounts, and individual investors [8]. 3.2 Expectations for Treasury Bond Yields - **10 - year Treasury Bond Yields**: 48% of investors think the lower limit of the 10 - year Treasury bond rate is below 1.60%, and 45% think it is between 1.60% - 1.70% (inclusive). 76% of investors believe the upper limit of the 10 - year Treasury bond rate may be within 1.80%, and 11% think it may be between 1.80% - 1.85% (inclusive). Most investors expect the bond market in May to trade around the tariff policy, and the 10 - year Treasury bond rate is unlikely to return to the previous high in April [11]. - **30 - year Treasury Bond Yields**: 41% of investors think the lower limit of the 30 - year Treasury bond operating range in May will be less than 1.8%, and 43% think it is between 1.80% - 1.85% (inclusive). 53% of investors believe the upper limit of the 30 - year Treasury bond operating range in May is between 1.90% - 2.00% (inclusive), and 31% think it is within 1.90%. The overall bond market in May may be volatile and slightly stronger [14]. 3.3 Expectations for the Second - Quarter Economic Trend - 62% of investors think the economic trend in the second quarter will be "both year - on - year and month - on - month weakening", a significant increase compared with the April questionnaire results. 22% of investors think it will show the characteristic of "year - on - year recovery but month - on - month weaker than the seasonal level". 10% of investors think it will be "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month in line with the seasonal level", and 5% think it will be "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month exceeding the seasonal level", a significant decrease compared with the April questionnaire results. The deviation between the economic fundamental expectation and the reality needs a certain verification period [19]. 3.4 Expectations for RRR and Interest Rate Cuts - **RRR Cut**: 66% of investors think an RRR cut will occur in May - June, and 17% think it will be in the third quarter. Investors have a high expectation for an RRR cut and expect it to happen earlier [21]. - **Interest Rate Cut**: 49% of investors think an interest rate cut will occur in the third quarter, 31% think it will be in May - June. 12% of investors think there will be no interest rate cut in 2025. Investors' expectation for an interest rate cut has further strengthened, and the proportion of those who think there will be no interest rate cut in 2025 has decreased significantly [21]. 3.5 Impact of Trump's Tariff Policy on the Bond Market - 46% of investors think it may promote the early implementation of RRR and interest rate cut policies, and the positive impact on the bond market can continue. 27% think the subsequent focus will be on the expectation of tariff policy cooling, and the positive impact on the bond market has ended. 15% think it may trigger non - US countries to impose tariffs on China, and the positive impact on the bond market can continue. 12% think it may strengthen the policy - makers' determination to stabilize the capital market, and the positive impact on the bond market has ended. Overall, investors generally think the subsequent impact of Trump's tariff policy on the bond market is still positive [23]. 3.6 Expectations for the May Bond Market行情 - 27% of investors think the interest rate curve will strengthen overall and show a bull - flattening trend in May. 26% think it will strengthen overall and show a bull - steepening trend. 16% think it is difficult to judge the trend of the interest rate curve in May. 10% think the short - end of the interest rate curve will be strong and the long - end will be weak, and 10% think the short - end will be weak and the long - end will be strong. Overall, more investors are optimistic about the May bond market, but there is some divergence between the expectations of a bull - flattening and a bull - steepening curve [25]. 3.7 Bond Market Operation Suggestions - 49% of investors think they should keep their positions basically stable. 23% think they should hold cash and wait, and then add positions after the market回调 to the expected level. 13% think they can start adding positions. 11% think they should take appropriate profits and reduce positions. 4% think they should reduce the duration to control risks. Most investors are neutral in practice, and keeping positions stable is the mainstream view [29]. 3.8 Preferred Bond Varieties in May - 18% and 17% of investors think the opportunities for long - term and ultra - long - term interest - rate bonds are relatively certain. 15%, 10%, and 10% of investors are more optimistic about medium - short - term interest - rate bonds, inter - bank certificates of deposit, and local government bonds respectively. About 9% of investors prefer medium - low - grade urban investment bonds. Investors have a higher preference for interest - rate products such as interest - rate bonds, certificates of deposit, and government bonds, and their preference for credit products has decreased month - on - month. The preferred varieties have shifted from the short - end to the long - end and ultra - long - end [32]. 3.9 Main Logic of Bond Market Pricing in May - 31% of investors think the central bank's monetary policy attitude and the trend of the capital market are still the main pricing logics for the May bond market. 16% and 15% of investors think fiscal stimulus, government bond issuance, and fundamental data such as real estate and PMI are the main pricing logics. 13% of investors think the implementation of the US tariff policy is the main pricing logic. The central bank's monetary policy attitude and the trend of the capital market are still the most concerned factors for investors [34].

Report Summary 1) Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2) Core Viewpoints - More incremental hedging policies are expected to be introduced around the conclusion of the China - US tariff negotiations, on top of the existing policies. The current focus is on accelerating the implementation of existing policies and optimizing the economic structure [5]. - The window for monetary easing is approaching, and it may be more targeted at directly reaching the real economy. The timing of reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts and interest rate cuts will depend on subsequent economic and financing data, as well as the outcome of tariff negotiations [6]. - In the real estate sector, the focus is on risk prevention and optimization of the policy for purchasing existing commercial housing. The stabilization of housing prices after a series of real - estate optimization policies is an important indicator for the medium - term inflection point of interest rates [7]. - In the short term, the impact of the actual fundamentals depends on the outcome of trade negotiations and the effectiveness of policy hedging. In the medium term, bond yields are expected to decline in a volatile manner [8]. 3) Summary by Related Content Policy Outlook - The Politburo meeting on April 25th analyzed the current economic situation. More incremental hedging policies will be introduced around the conclusion of the China - US tariff negotiations. The existing policies focus on optimizing the economic structure, with production - side emphasis on new - quality productivity and helping struggling enterprises, and demand - side emphasis on increasing the income of low - and middle - income groups and promoting service consumption [4][5]. - The "timely RRR cuts and interest rate cuts" mentioned in the meeting may indicate that the window for monetary easing is approaching. The specific timing will depend on economic and financing data and tariff outcomes. The focus is on preventing capital idling and directing funds to areas such as technological innovation, consumption expansion, and foreign - trade stability [6]. - In real estate, the meeting emphasized urban renewal, shantytown and dilapidated building renovation, and optimizing the policy for purchasing existing commercial housing. The stabilization of housing prices is crucial for the medium - term inflection point of interest rates [7]. Investment Strategy - Since April 2nd, the core logic of bond - market trading has shifted. The short - term impact of fundamentals depends on trade negotiations and policy hedging. The current bond yields already imply some expectations of interest rate cuts, and an interest rate cut may lead to a rate correction [7][8]. - In the medium term, bond yields are expected to decline in a volatile manner due to structural problems, the central bank's supportive attitude, and improved institutional behavior. It is recommended to conduct band trading of 10Y Treasury bonds in the 1.60% - 1.75% range and choose 10Y active bonds with high liquidity [8].

金十数据4月25日讯，东京4月份的通胀增长速度较上月加快，达到两年来的最高水平，为日本央行的加 息立场提供了支持。美国关税措施带来的不确定性，使日本央行的加息立场变得更加复杂。日本内务部 周五发布的一份报告显示，4月份不包括新鲜食品在内的东京核心CPI较上年同期上涨3.4%，原因是去 年学费下调以及食品和能源价格上涨加速了通胀，这一结果高于经济学家3.2%的预测中值。东京的整 体通胀年率从3月份的2.9%上升至3.5%。东京的通胀是衡量日本全国物价涨幅的领先指标。在日本公布 最新通胀数据之际，围绕美国总统特朗普关税行动的不确定性，给日本央行逐步加息、进一步缩减货币 宽松规模的计划带来了压力。 东京物价涨幅创两年来最大，支撑日本央行加息路径 ...

中金公司研报认为，特朗普扬言解雇鲍威尔，使美国货币政策站上了市场风口。该机构认为，美联储的 政策路径将取决于关税对通胀与需求的相对影响，而这又取决于关税的替代效应和收入效应哪个更强。 考虑两种情形，一种是美国与贸易伙伴的谈判缺乏实质性进展，90天后美国有效关税率仍然很高，此时 收入效应主导，经济需求走弱或促使美联储从7月份开始降息，全年累计降息幅度或达100个基点。另一 种情形是谈判取得成果，关税降低，替代效应主导下需求冲击相对温和，但通胀压力更具持续性，美联 储或延迟宽松步伐，全年仅在12月小幅降息一次。对市场而言，尽管第一种情形下货币宽松来得更早， 但这种"衰退式"降息反映的是经济基本面恶化，反而会对风险资产形成压制。 ...

近日，央行公布的两个期限品种的贷款市场报价利率(LPR)与上月相比均保持不变，此前市场所期待 的"降息"未能实现。不过，债市对这一情况反应较为平淡，10年期国债到期收益率虽有小幅上行，但仍 稳定维持在1.7%左右的水平。 虽然没有"降息"让一些交易人员感到失望，但也有不少机构人士认为，短期不"降息"也在预期之内。 中证鹏元研发部高级研究员李席丰对证券时报记者表示："首先，4月以来央行7天期逆回购利率保持不 变，LPR的定价基础没有变化。其次，一季度经济取得良好开局，叠加股市修复较强、流动性缺口较 小，4月调降LPR的必要性下降。最后，当前银行净息差、企业和个人的贷款利率都处于历史低位，银 行缺乏进一步下调LPR的动力。" 国金资管固收团队也向证券时报记者分享了类似的观点。该团队认为，目前仍需时间观察美国所谓"对 等关税"等外围变化对经济的影响，当前或并非降息合意时点。另外，去年四季度银行净息差环比收窄 至1.52%，降息或需等待银行负债端成本下降。 "4月以来央行7天期逆回购利率保持不变。这意味着4月LPR报价的定价基础并未发生变化，已在很大程 度上预示4月LPR报价会保持不动。"东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青也 ...

Macro Strategy - The report suggests that the depreciation of the RMB against the USD may be a response to overseas risk events and a proactive measure to release risks in currency management, with a gradual approach expected in the depreciation process [1][12] - The expected range for USDCNY is projected to gradually rise to 7.40-7.50, indicating a controlled release of risks while maintaining a stable exchange rate [12] Fixed Income - The report on Weicai Convertible Bond indicates an expected listing price range of 112.72 to 125.13 RMB, with a subscription rate of 0.0046% and a conversion premium of approximately 35% [2][14] - The report on Anji Convertible Bond anticipates a listing price range of 109.63 to 122.00 RMB, with a subscription rate of 0.0037% and a conversion premium of around 28% [3][15] - The report on Qingyuan Convertible Bond expects a listing price range of 100.22 to 111.65 RMB, with a subscription rate of 0.0020% and a conversion premium of about 25% [3][17] Industry Analysis - The engineering machinery sector is entering an upward cycle, with a projected 2-3 years of growth ahead, supported by significant share buybacks from major companies like Sany Heavy Industry and XCMG [20][21] - The report highlights a 38% year-on-year increase in domestic excavator sales in Q1 2025, indicating strong market demand and potential for upward valuation adjustments [21] - The engineering machinery companies have low exposure to the US market, with Sany's exposure at approximately 3%, making the overall risk manageable [21] Company Insights - Pengding Holdings reported a revenue of 35.14 billion RMB and a net profit of 3.62 billion RMB for 2024, with significant growth in the automotive and server sectors [5][22] - The company is expanding its production capacity with a projected capital expenditure of 5 billion RMB in 2025, reflecting confidence in future market demand [6][22] - The report on Jerey Co. indicates a projected net profit of 3.03 billion RMB for 2025, with a focus on overseas expansion despite tariff risks [7][8]

Core Viewpoint - The bond ETF market is experiencing significant trading activity and inflows, indicating strong investor interest and potential growth in this sector [1][2][6]. Trading Activity - The company bond ETF (511030) increased by 0.02% to a price of 105.64 yuan, while the national development bond ETF (159651) showed mixed trading with a price of 105.77 yuan [1]. - The national treasury ETF for 5 to 10 years (511020) rose by 0.04%, reaching 117.16 yuan [1]. - The company bond ETF had a turnover rate of 15.82% with a transaction volume of 2.04 billion yuan, indicating active market participation [1]. - Over the past week, the average daily transaction volume for the company bond ETF was 2.527 billion yuan [1]. Fund Flows - The company bond ETF saw a net inflow of 1.166 billion yuan over four days, with a peak single-day inflow of 527 million yuan [2]. - The national development bond ETF attracted a total of 69.658 million yuan in net inflows over the same period [2]. - The national treasury ETF for 5 to 10 years recorded a net inflow of 31.368 million yuan over nine trading days [2]. Fund Size and Shares - The latest size of the company bond ETF reached 12.894 billion yuan, marking a one-year high [1]. - The national development bond ETF experienced a significant increase in size, growing by 49.713 million yuan over the past week [1]. - The national development bond ETF also saw an increase of 2.142 million shares in the past month, ranking it among the top in its category [1]. Market Conditions - The bond market has largely priced in high tariffs, with future trends remaining uncertain [6]. - The yield on government bonds has rebounded significantly, reflecting a shift away from pricing in financial crisis risks [6]. - The RMB has depreciated against a basket of currencies, with the USD/RMB exchange rate reaching 7.4, which may limit monetary easing [6].

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the impact of recent changes in monetary policy by the central bank on the financial markets, particularly focusing on interest rates and credit markets [2][3][4]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Central Bank Operations**: The central bank has reformed its operations by changing the announcement format for open market operations (OMO) to focus on bidding and winning amounts instead of reverse repurchase operation amounts. This aims to diminish the MLF's role as a policy rate and provide high-frequency signals to guide market expectations [3][4]. - **Interest Rate Trends**: The ten-year government bond yield has recently declined to 1.78%, influenced by easing pessimism, expectations of a reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cut, and signs of a market peak in equities. A potential RRR cut of 50 basis points is anticipated in April [3][4][5]. - **Economic Recovery Drivers**: The economic recovery in 2025 is expected to be driven by real estate and stimulus policies, with a significant consumption promotion plan of 300 billion being implemented earlier than in 2024, which is expected to have a more pronounced economic impact [6][7]. - **Market Liquidity**: The liquidity in the market is tightening overall, with structural interest rate cuts expected following the central bank's 450 billion MLF operation. The credit market, particularly short-term debt trading, remains active [8][9]. - **Investment Strategies**: Credit bond investment strategies should focus on cost-effectiveness and safety, with an emphasis on short-term high-yield municipal bonds. The market is advised to maintain a gradient entry strategy to manage volatility [13][14]. Additional Important Insights - **Market Observability**: Observing the central bank's actions has become more challenging due to increased operational secrecy and the limited availability of high-frequency indicators. This has led to greater reliance on speculation regarding liquidity and interest rate trends [11][12]. - **Changes in the Funding Market**: The funding market has seen significant changes, with large banks facing liability shortages, leading to non-bank sectors becoming key players in funding. The net inflow of funds reached 3 trillion in mid-February, matching last year's peak [12]. - **Credit Risk Considerations**: Despite the focus on monetary easing, credit risks remain a concern, particularly in the context of recent debt resolution processes. Investors are advised to remain vigilant regarding market changes that could affect credit stability [18][19]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting the implications of monetary policy changes on market dynamics and investment strategies.